The purpose of this study was to identify the incidence of urinary incontinence in adult women and to identify factors related to life style and sexual intercourse that were related to incontinence. The sample consisted of 1,065 women living in Seoul or one of five provinces. Data for this study were collected from January 16 to June 23 using structured questionnaires. The Urinary Symptom Questionnaire developed by Jackson and a demographic questionnaire were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentage with and SPSS/PC+ program. The major finding are as follows : 1. The distribution of age of subjects was as follows : 20-29(10.1%), 30-39(17.8%), 40-49(27.3%), 50-59(22.3%), 60-69(12.9%), 70-79(6.1%), 80-89(2.8%), more than 90(0.6%). The frequency of normal delivery, 0(15.5%), 1-2(36.0%), 3-4(29.2%), 5-6(13.0%), more than 7(6.3%). The rate of subjects with menopause was 40.8%. 2. It was reported that 50.7% of the subjects experienced urinary incontinence with stress, mixed, and urgency incontinence being 49.8%, 43.4%, 6.8% respectively. 3. The lower urinary symptoms and incidence with urinary incontinence were as follows : Daily frequency, 22.3%, nocturia, 40.8%, urgency, 71.2%, bladder pain, 47.8%, unexplained incontinence, 32.4%, nocturnal incontinence, 16.1%, and frequency of incontinence, 37.7%. In term of quantity of incontinence, drop/pants damp, 29.5%, dribble/pants wet, 20.5%, flood or soaking through to outer clothing, 1.7%, and flood or running down legs or onto floor, 0.2%. 4. The symptoms related to sexual intercourse and incidence of urinary incontinence were as follows : dry vagina, 39.1%, sex life trouble, 10.8%, pain during sexual intercourse, 27.4%, and urine leakage during sexual intercourse, 8.8%. 5. Life style problems related to urinary incontinence were as follows ; fluid intake restriction, 20.0%, affected daily task, 24.5%, avoidance of places and situations, 35.0%, interference in physical activities, 30.6%, interference in relationships with other people, 19.0%, interference in relationship with husband/companion, 8.1%, and time after attack of urinary symptoms, 76.9%. In term of the feeling about the rest of their lives the women reported : perfectly happy, 11.3%, pleased, 16.9%, mostly satisfied, 20.2%, mixed feelings, 21.0%, mostly dissatisfied, 21.0%, very unhappy 8.5%, and desperate, 1.0%. In conclusion, this study was a preliminary study to provide nursing practices guidelines for incontinence in adult women. Nurses working with adult women should develop and provide adequate care for these women.
Adult* ; Clothing ; Coitus ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leg ; Life Style ; Menopause ; Motor Activity ; Nocturia ; Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Running ; Seoul ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Incontinence* ; Vagina

BACKGROUND/AIMS: It is questionable whether the needle biopsy of the liver can represent the whole pathology of the liver. This study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography-guided needle biopsy of the liver as determined by surgically resected liver. METHOD: The histopathologic findings of preoperative ultrasonography-guided needle biopsy for confirming the background liver disease and surgically resected liver were compared in the 40 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma. RESULTS: 1) Of the 40 cases, 30 (75.0%) cases showed the same histopathological diagnosis between the two methods. Their histopathological results were: 20 cases of cirhosis, 6 cases of chronic hepatitis and 4 cases of normal tissue. 2) There was a direct proportion between histologic concordance, the number of portal areas, and the size of the needle biopsy specimen. The histologic concordance rate was 79.2% in the cases with 4 portal areas in their biopsy sample and 100% in the cases with more than 5 areas. 3) Of the 10 cases in which diagnostic discrepancy was found between the two methods, 8 cases of chronic hepatitis and 1 case of normal tissue, all diagnosed by needle biopsy, proved to be cirrhosis by surgically resected liver. One case of normal tissue proved to be chronic hepatitis. The causes of diagnostic error were fragmentations of tissue and inadequate specimens. CONCLUSION: The diagnostic accuracy of the ultrasonography-guided needle biopsy of the liver was 75.0% in our study. To lessen the diagnostic error, at least 4 or more portal areas should be contained in the biopsy sample and the fragmentation of tissue should be minimized.
Biopsy ; Biopsy, Needle* ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Errors ; Fibrosis ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; Liver* ; Needles* ; Pathology

BACKGROUND: The BiodivYsio stent is a balloon-expandable stent coated with phosphorylcholine designed to reduce the formation of thrombus and the risk of restenosis. METHODS: We prospectively studied 20 patients who underwent implantation of BiodivYsio stent (group I; 60.8+/-9.3 years, male 60.0%) and compared to 20 patients who underwent balloon angioplasty alone (group II; 60.3+/-7.9 years, male 45.0%) for small coronary arterial lesions (target arterial diameter was between 2.0 mm and 2.8 mm) between February 2001 and October 2001. Major adverse cardiac events such as acute myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization and death were evaluated during hospital admission and at 6-months after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). RESULTS: During hospitalization, the incidence of acute myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization and death was not different between the two groups. At follow-up coronary angiography 6 months after PCI, the incidence of restenosis was lower in group I than in group II (Group I; 3/20, 15.0% vs Group II; 9/20, 45.0%, p=0.032) and the incidence of target vessel revascularization (TLR) was lower in group I than in group II (Group I; 3/20, 15.0% vs Group II; 8/20, 40.0%, p=0.041). CONCLUSION: Coronary BiodivYsio stenting in small coronary artery leads to excellent short- and mid-term clinical outcomes.
Angioplasty, Balloon ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Phosphorylcholine ; Prospective Studies ; Stents* ; Thrombosis

BACKGROUND: The BiodivYsio stent is a balloon-expandable stent coated with phosphorylcholine designed to reduce the formation of thrombus and the risk of restenosis. METHODS: We prospectively studied 20 patients who underwent implantation of BiodivYsio stent (group I; 60.8+/-9.3 years, male 60.0%) and compared to 20 patients who underwent balloon angioplasty alone (group II; 60.3+/-7.9 years, male 45.0%) for small coronary arterial lesions (target arterial diameter was between 2.0 mm and 2.8 mm) between February 2001 and October 2001. Major adverse cardiac events such as acute myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization and death were evaluated during hospital admission and at 6-months after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). RESULTS: During hospitalization, the incidence of acute myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization and death was not different between the two groups. At follow-up coronary angiography 6 months after PCI, the incidence of restenosis was lower in group I than in group II (Group I; 3/20, 15.0% vs Group II; 9/20, 45.0%, p=0.032) and the incidence of target vessel revascularization (TLR) was lower in group I than in group II (Group I; 3/20, 15.0% vs Group II; 8/20, 40.0%, p=0.041). CONCLUSION: Coronary BiodivYsio stenting in small coronary artery leads to excellent short- and mid-term clinical outcomes.
Angioplasty, Balloon ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Phosphorylcholine ; Prospective Studies ; Stents* ; Thrombosis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The impact for recannulation of an artery, where a vascular closure device had been used following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility and safety of recannulation of the femoral artery following the use of an Angioseal(r) following PCI. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Between February 2002 and June 2004, 110 patients (Group I: 60.0+/-9.0 years, 84 male), who underwent a 6-month follow-up coronary angiography (CAG) following PCI and the use of an Angioseal(r) closure device, were compared with a further 110 randomly assigned patients (Group II: 61.4+/-9.2 years, 78 male), who received manual compression for femoral artery hemostasis following PCI during the same period. The occurrence of femoral puncture site complications, the time to active ambulation following PCI and procedural difficulties for recannulation during the follow-up CAG were analyzed. RESULTS: The baseline clinical characteristics and procedure related factors were similar between the two groups. No major complications were noted in either group. There were no differences in the incidence of minor complications, including puncture site oozing or hematoma, between the two groups. The time to active ambulation was significantly shorter in group I than II (7.2+/-2.7 vs. 17.3+/-4.2 hours, p=0.001). At the 6-month follow-up CAG, no major complications associated with re-puncture at the same site of the femoral artery were noted, and there were no differences in the incidence of minor complications between the two groups. CONCLUSION: An Angioseal(r) was a convenient method of hemostasis, which promoted early ambulation without difficulties in the reuse of the femoral artery.
Angioplasty ; Arteries ; Coronary Angiography ; Early Ambulation ; Femoral Artery* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Methods ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention* ; Punctures ; Walking

BACKGROUND: Recently the incidence of coronary artery disease has been increased rapidly in Korea. After the introduction of coronary care unit, the mortality rate of cardiovascular patients has been decreased. The predictive factors for mortality in patients admitted at Coronary Care Unit (CCU) are important in the management of acutely ill cardiovascular patients. METHODS: One thousand one hundred and thirty patients (64.8+/-14.5 years), who were admitted at CCU from January 2002 to June 2003, were analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups according to mortality: the survived group (Group I: n=1055, 63.3+/-13.3 years) and the moribund group (Group II: n=75, 64.8+/-14.1 years). Clinical characteristics, risk factors, clinical diagnosis, laboratory, echocardiographic and coronary angiographic findings were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The overall mortality at CCU was 6.6%, 75 out of 1130 patients. Age and sex were not different between both groups. Coronary artery disease was the most common cause of admission (886 out of 1130 patients) and death (46 out of 75 patients). Coronary angiographic findings were not different between the two groups. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by echocardiogram was higher in Group I than in Group II (53.1+/-15.6% vs. 42.3+/-16.3%, p<0.05). Predictive factors for mortality by multiple logistic regression analysis were low LVEF (OR 11.4, 2.9-21.4 95%CI, p<0.001), no performance of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI, OR 10.8, 2.5-17.8 95%CI, p<0.001) and clinical diagnosis of aortic dissection (OR 3.8, 1.3-9.8 95%CI, p=0.021). CONCLUSIONS: The predictive factors for mortality at CCU were low LVEF, no PCI and aortic dissection.
Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Care Units* ; Coronary Disease ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Mortality* ; Myocardial Infarction ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Risk Factors ; Stroke Volume

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been established as one of the effective therapeutic methods in the treatment of ischemic heart disease. A coronary artery stent is the most promising device in PCI, however in-stent restenosis (ISR) remains a major problem to be overcome. METHODS: Follow-up coronary angiograms (CAG) three times after stenting were performed in 107 out of 3,816 stented patients at Chonnam National University Hospital between August 1992 and July 2004. The patients were divided into four groups: forty eight patients (Group I: 58.7+/-9.5 years, 35 Males) had no incident ISR on three follow-up CAG. Fourteen patients had three times of ISR and underwent four PCIs (Group II : 54.5+/-9.51 years, 12 Males), 15 had two times of ISR and underwent three PCIs (Group III : 53.9+/-5.9 years, 11 males), 30 had one time of ISR and underwent two PCIs (Group IV : 59.6+/-9.5 years, 27 males). Each group was analysed according to clinical characteristics, coronary angiographic findings, and therapeutic modalities for ISR. RESULTS: There was no differences in clinical diagnosis, lesion location, multi-vessel lesion and TIMI flow. Risk factors for atherosclerosis were not different except for diabetes mellitus. The incidence of diabetes mellitus was more common in Group II than in Group I (Group I: 22%, Group II: 57%, Group III: 46%, Group IV: 20%, Group I vs. Group II: p =0.023). Stent length and diameter were not different among four groups. CONCLUSION: The only predictor of recurrent coronary stent restenosis more than three times is diabetes mellitus.
Atherosclerosis ; Coronary Disease ; Coronary Vessels ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Jeollanam-do ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Risk Factors ; Stents*