PURPOSE: The most effective methods of harvesting, preparing, and injecting autologous fat grafts have been inconsistent and conflicting. With its limitation as resorption in fat grafting, handling various techniques affect adipocyte survival, and is crucial to optimizing its long-term survival. To improve graft survival, re-implantation of cryopreserved adipocytes was developed. In addition, adipocytes do not induce immune rejection in response to non-self lymphocytes in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes in cryopreserved adipocytes so as to determine the most efficient long-term storage period, and to analyze the changes in cryopreserved allografted adipocytes so as to determine the efficacy of cryopreserved adipocytes allografting. METHODS: Fat tissues were harvested from the inguinal and retroperitoneal fat pad of mice. After the centrifugation of the harvested fat tissues, they were disintegrated with collagenase. The adipocytes were obtained by centrifugation of the disintegrated fat tissues. The adipocytes were treated as follows: (1) They were examined for weight and then frozen at -20degrees C (n=25). For four months, each five frozen samples were taken and examined for weight and histologic changes in the 1st week, the 1st month, the 2nd month, the 3rd month, and the 4th month, respectively. (2) The adipocytes were immediately frozen at -20degrees C (n=125). For four months, five frozen samples were taken, and allografted in the same time period as above. Finally, for four months, five cryopreserved allografted adipocytes were taken and examined for histologic changes in the same time period as above. RESULTS: (1) Significant weight changes and histologic findings with inflammatory and destructive changes were observed in the cryopreserved adipocytes in three months. (2) Significant fat necrotic changes in the histologic changes with Hematoxylin and eosin stain were observed in the cryopreserved allografted adipocytes since the first week, independent of the freezing period. CONCLUSION: The study results show that the adipocytes that were cryopreserved for more than three months underwent obvious weight reductions and necrotic changes, and the adipocytes that were allografted without freezing were viable for four months, but the cryopreserved allografted adipocytes had obvious necrotic changes since the first week regardless of the freezing period.
Adipocytes ; Animals ; Centrifugation ; Collagenases ; Cryopreservation ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Freezing ; Graft Survival ; Handling (Psychology) ; Hematoxylin ; Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed ; Lymphocytes ; Mice ; Rejection (Psychology) ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Transplants ; Weight Loss

Most Koreans who do not have supratarsal fold are anatomically quite different from Caucasians, and double eyelid operation is one of the most common operations in Korea. However, it might cause various complications, and high fold might occur as a complication. The purpose of this study is to introduce an appropriate operation procedures to correct the high fold. From March 1999 to April 2008, 45 patients experienced secondary blepharoplasty due to high fold after double eyelid operation. We divided patients into four groups to correct the high fold. We operated the first group with lower flap dissection method because of mild high fold and bulky lower flap eyelid. We operated the second group them with upper orbital fat slide down anchoring method due to sufficient orbital fat. We operated the third group with the free fat graft method due to insufficient orbital fat. We operated the fourth group with ptosis correction method. The lower flap dissection method was applied to most of the forth cases because of thick lower flap. The upper orbital fat slide down anchoring method is to drag orbital septum-fat down to prevent readhesion and showed the best result without any complication. The case of insufficient fat could be corrected through the free fat graft to prevent readhesion. The case of ptosis which was corrected by the levator advancement-Muller Tucking method showed good result. The operation to correct the high fold could be very difficult and in order to get good result, one needs to exactly know anatomical structure of upper eyelid, and accurate understanding of how much orbital fat should be left by pushing eyelid skin and eyeball down. It is suggested that the best method to use is the upper orbital fat slide down anchoring method. It would be better to use the free fat graft for patients who suffer from insufficient fat. In cases of ptosis, the use of the levator advancement- Muller tucking method is recommended.
Blepharoplasty ; Eyelids ; Humans ; Korea ; Orbit ; Skin ; Transplants

Recently, mesotherapy is frequently used for body contouring. But, there is a many controversy on the effect of mesotherapy for fat reduction, as well as it's complication tends to look over. So, we let you know the complicated case of the mesotherapy which we experienced. A 28-year-old woman after mesotherapy on her right lateral thigh was admitted to the hospital because of cellulitis and skin necrosis. The patient had a local injection on the both her lateral thigh for body contouring at local hospital. 2 days before hospitalization, we could see infection on her right lateral thigh. The infection finding was swelling, reddish to purple color change and bullae formation. As time goes by, skin necrosis and eschar formation took a place. The size of eschar was estimated about 12 x 10 cm. MRI was accomplished, and the cellulitis on the right hip ant thigh was found on the MRI. The eschar was surgically removed and wound bed was exposed to subcutaneous fatty layer. And then, split thickness skin graft taken from left lateral thigh was done successfully. The grafted skin was well taken without complication, as well as donor site was well healed. The mesotherapy for body contouring is tried by various method, but, the definite mechanism is not established and safe way of drug combination is not clear. For more safer procedure, more study about the way of drug combination and mechanism is needed.
Adult ; Ants ; Blister ; Cellulitis ; Female ; Hip ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Linear Energy Transfer ; Mesotherapy ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Necrosis ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Skin ; Thigh ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants

The liver is a distinctly unusual locus for a primary leiomyosarcoma. In October 1994, a 64-year-old female patient was admitted with palpable mass at the right upper abdomen for 2 months. Ultrasonography and Computed Tomography revealed a big cystic nature tumor at the right lobe of the liver. A right lobectomy was undertaken. On gross examination of the specimen, the tumor size was measured a 7.5 cm 16.0 cm 4.5 cm. On a cut section, cystic degeneration was showed and the color of the solid component was grayish. Microscopic examination growth pattern of the tumor to be expansive with no capsule. Finally the leiomyosarcoma of the liver was diagnosed with 5 to 6 mitosis per 10 high power fields. In September 1995, follow-up Computed Tomography revealed a recurred mass on segment 4 of the liver. A tumonectomy was performed. Twenty-one months after the second operation, recurrence was noted on the remaining liver and intraabdomen. Debulking surgery of the intraabdominal mass with intraperitoneal chemotherapy was undertaken. We report this case of primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma with a review of the literatures.
Abdomen ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatectomy ; Humans ; Leiomyosarcoma* ; Liver ; Middle Aged ; Mitosis ; Recurrence ; Ultrasonography

The EST Knowledge Integrated System, EKIS (http://ekis.kribb.re.kr), was established as a part of Korea's Ministry of Education, Science and Technology initiative for genome sequencing and application research of the biological model organisms (GEAR) project. The goals of the EKIS are to collect EST information from GEAR projects and make an integrated database to provide transcriptomic and metabolomic information for biological scientists. The EKIS constitutes five independent categories and several retrieval systems in each category for incorporating massive EST data from high-throughput sequencing of 65 different species. Through the EKIS database, scientists can freely access information including BLAST functional annotation as well as Genechip and pathway information for KEGG. By integrating complex data into a framework of existing EST knowledge information, the EKIS provides new insights into specialized metabolic pathway information for an applied industrial material.
Data Mining ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Genome ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Metabolomics ; Models, Biological

Hemobilia is a disease caused by injury or conditions that cause the abnormal communication between intrahepatic blood vessels and biliary tract, resulting in leakage of blood into the biliary tract. In the past, trauma had been the most common cause of hemobilia. However, with the increasing invasive procedures in the hepatobiliary tract, iatrogenic origin has become the major cause of hemobilia. Also, non-traumatic etiologies of hemobilia include vascular malformation such as aneurysm, gallstone, inflammation, biliary tumor, hepatocellular carcinoma and coagulopathy. Among these non-traumatic etiologies, choledocholithiasis is a rare cause of hemobilia. The authors have experienced two cases of hemobilia caused by choledocholithiasis, which was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography, abdominal CT and duodenoscopy. Both patients were treated by the endoscopic sphincterotomy and stone removal with basket.
Aneurysm ; Biliary Tract ; Blood Vessels ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Choledocholithiasis ; Common Bile Duct* ; Duodenoscopy ; Gallstones ; Hemobilia* ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography ; Vascular Malformations

Duodenal diverticulum usually originates in the second portion of the duodenum and occasionally causes duodenal obstruction, hemorrhage, perforation and diverticulitis. A bleeding from Dieulafoy's lesion in a duodenal diverticulum is rare. It is not easily dignosed and treated by forward viewing endoscopy. Recently, a case was reported describing the hemorrhage from the Dieulafoy's lesion in a duodenal diverticulum which was treated by hemoclip with forward viewing endoscopy. Hemoclip application is considered to be the most appropriate endoscopic treatment, because sclerotherapy, electrocoagulation or band ligation for Dieulafoy's lesion in the duodenal diverticulum may increase risk of duodenal perforation. We report a case of duodenal perforation due to hemoclip application for the treatment of Dieulafoy's lesion in a duodenal diverticulum.
Diverticulitis ; Diverticulum* ; Duodenal Obstruction ; Duodenum ; Electrocoagulation ; Endoscopy ; Hemorrhage ; Ligation ; Sclerotherapy

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The therapeutic strategies of applying adefovir for treating lamivudine resistant HBV mutants are controversial. Thus, we observed the clinical outcomes after discontinuation of lamivudine to establish the timing to initiate adefovir therapy. METHODS: Fifty chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with lamivudine resistant HBV mutants who had received lamivudine for more than 12 months were included in the study. We investigated the clinical outcomes at 6 months after the end of treatment (EOT). We compared the serial clinical outcomes among respective groups based on serum ALT at the EOT and the clinical characteristics of patients with or without acute exacerbation (AE) and the HBeAg loss. We also investigated the predictive parameters of AE and HBeAg loss. RESULTS: Fifteen patients (30%) had experienced AE at 6 months after the EOT. Four patients received antiviral agents because of their hepatic decompensation. Patients with AE had higher serum ALT values and lower HBV DNA titers at EOT compared with those patients without AE. Serum ALT at the EOT was the predictive parameter of AE. Eight patients (21.6%) had newly developed HBeAg loss at 6 months after EOT. The total bilirubin at EOT was the predictive parameter of HBeAg loss. CONCLUSIONS: CHB patients with lamivudine resistant HBV mutants had favorable clinical outcomes at 6 months after EOT. Therefore, we can consider observing the clinical courses after discontinuation of lamivudine and it is not always required to overlap the adefovir for treating lamivudine resistant HBV mutants except for the treatment of patients with a high risk of developing decompensation.
Adenine/administration & dosage/analogs & derivatives ; Adult ; Antiviral Agents/*administration & dosage ; *Drug Resistance, Viral ; English Abstract ; Female ; Hepatitis B e Antigens/blood ; Hepatitis B virus/drug effects ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/*drug therapy/virology ; Humans ; Lamivudine/*administration & dosage ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphonic Acids/administration & dosage ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/*therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome