Objective To investigate the gastric empty and electrogastrogram(EGG) in patients with renal insufficiency before and after hemodialysis, and to study the enteric nervous system (ENS) in experimental acute renal failure rats.Methods The comparisons of gastric emptying and EGG before and after hemodialysis were carried out in 15 patients with uremia who have gastrointerstinal symptoms. Acute renal failure models were also established. The neuroplexus of ENS and levels of some gut hormones were investigated. Results The EGG and gastric emptying were abnormal in patients with uremia before hemodialysis, but improved after dialysis. The neuroplexus of ENS with positive nitric oxide synthase(NOS) staining in rats with acute renal failure was significantly decreased. The levels of gastrin, vasoactive intestinal peptide and motilin in rats with acute renal failure were (159.1?55.6)?g/L, (121.6?48.9)pg/L, and (6.32?3.55)pmol/L, respectively, which were significantly different from those of the control group(P

Objective To understand the intestinal nervous system(ENS) pathological change in rats with acute renal failure(ENS).Methods Rat acute renal failure model was established,the intracanthus blood was drew to determine the serum total creatinine(Scr) blood urea nitrogen(BUN) after 48h and 4th-day,then the rats was sacrificed at fourth day each rat's kidney tissue,duodenum,jejunum,ileum,colon and rectum were stained with hematoxylineosin(SE).Finaly, iNOS staining by immunohitochemstry,observed the numbers of the ENS nerve plexus, ENS nerve cell , and iNOS positive cell nerve plexus. Check whether there has hyperemia hydrops, degenerative necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration on the mucosa epithelium.Results ⑴Kidney histological change was occurred. The kidney tubules degenerative necrosis was found in all the ten cases of kidney failure, and the hyaline cast, mesenchyme hemorrhagic necrosis, and inflammatory cell infltration were seen. ⑵ HE coloration and microscope inspection;numbers of the ENS nerve plexus and nerve cell of the acute kidney failure group were less than the normal group, especially in the ileum and rectum .⑶The number of the iNOS positive cell nerve plexus in ENS of the rats with acute renal failure was apparently less than that of the normal group. In addition, the iNOS positive presentation was stronger than that of the normal group.Conclusions The findings suggest that toxic metabolites of uremic rat acts on the ENS,and thus leading to pathological changes of ENS,resulting in stomach and intestinal mortor function disorder.

Objective To study on the efficacy and safety of treating achalasia by gastroscopic balloon dilation under anesthesia. Methods Fifteen patients with achalasia were given intravenous propofol and midazolam before dilation. Patient's feeling or distress and operative duration were recorded. The changes of blood pressure (BP) , heart rate ( HR) and blood oxygen saturation ( SpO2 ) were also recorded and analyzed. Results Patients did not complain of any discomfort or pain during gastroscopy. The time of recovery from anesthesia was 17 -27(23. 2) minutes. There were significant changes in clinical scores before and after dilation ( P

A 1 3kb DNA fragment was amplified in DNA samples extracted from periwinkle showed yellows The amplified fragment was ligated into pGEM T easy vector and then transformed into JM109 strain of E coli Cloned DNA fragments were verified by PCR, restriction endonuclease ( Eco RI) digestion and sequence analysis The result revealed that the ribosomal protein gene of PY strain consists of 1244 base pairs, which contains the entire rp l22 gene encoding 129 amino acids and rps3 gene encoding 252 amino acids These two genes are overlap The character of ribosomal protein gene of PY strain is very resemble with that of other phytoplasmas

Adult ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoconiosis ; therapy ; Quinuclidines ; therapeutic use

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anthracosis ; complications ; microbiology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; complications ; microbiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pseudomonas Infections ; microbiology ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; drug effects

Adenine ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; Fanconi Syndrome ; chemically induced ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Hypophosphatemia ; chemically induced ; Organophosphonates ; adverse effects ; Osteomalacia ; chemically induced

Actins ; metabolism ; Adult ; Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertension ; etiology ; Juxtaglomerular Apparatus ; pathology ; surgery ; ultrastructure ; Kidney Neoplasms ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; ultrastructure ; Nephrectomy ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and arterial elasticity in elderly hypertensive patients.Methods 253 subjects were divided into two groups:hypertension group (n=141) and non-hypertension group (n =112).Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (C-FPWV),carotid-radial PWV (C-RPWV),height and weight were determined.Fasting plasma levels of blood glucose (BG),blood lipids,insulin,endothelins (ET),nitric oxide (NO) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were assessed.Results C-FPWV and CRPWV were higher in hypertension group than in non-hypertension group [(11.7±1.9) m/s vs.(9.7±1.1)m/s,(11.7±1.7) m/s vs.(9.4±1.1)m/s,t=8.43 and-6.30,both P＜0.01].Body mass index (BMI),systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),levels of triglyceride (TG),BG,ET,NO and hsCRP,HOMA-IR had significant differences between the two groups (t=-5.27,-4.18,-6.00,6.29,-4.18,-4.86,-3.41,respectively,all P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that CFPWV was correlated with SBP,age,DBP,fasting BG,NO,ET,TG,HOMA IR,cholesterol (CHO),hsCRP (r=0.534,0.374,0.340,0.338,-0.306,0.242,0.228,0.225,-0.218,0.178,respectively,all P＜0.05); C-RPWV was correlated with age,DBP,SBP,NO,TG (r=0.312,0.319,0.241,-0.197,0.151,respectively,all P＜0.05).Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that C-FPWV=4.640 + 0.081× HOMA IR+ 0.047× age+0.035×SBP+0.29×TG-0.017×NO+0.014×ET+0.132×hsCRP,r2=0.514; CRPWV=3.161+0.034×age+0.033×DBP+0.313×fastingBG+0.013×ET-0.013×NO,r2=0.390.Conclusions The decreases of arterial elasticity are closely related with endothelial function,insulin resistance,levels of blood lipids and hsCRP in elderly patients with hypertension.

BACKGROUND:Cytomegalovirus is relatively common condition pathogenic virus after liver transplantation. It has many direct or indirect effects on the body, and seriously affects the long-term survival of patients. It should be paid more attention.
OBJECTIVE:To analyze and summarize the outcomes of the epidemiology, risk factors, effects on the body, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, treatment and prevention for cytomegalovirus infection after liver transplantation.
METHODS:Fitness database, PubMed database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure database were retrieved by computer for articles on cytomegalovirus infection after liver transplantation published from January 2006 to December 2013, and through manual refer to books. Articles were searched with the key words of“liver transplantation, cytomegalovirus infection, risk factors”in Chinese and English. A total of more than 200 articles were retrieved. Forty articles directly related to cytomegalovirus infection after liver transplantation and those published in authoritative magazines were included to review with good representativeness.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The positive rate of serum cytomegalovirus-IgG is high in the population. Risk factors of cytomegalovirus infection after liver transplantation include donor-recipient cytomegalovirus serologic status, low serum creatinine clearance, female patients, graft rejection, the use of immunosuppressant and donor-recipient MBL-2 and FCN-2 gene polymorphism. There are direct and indirect effects of this posttransplant opportunistic infection, such as cytomegalovirus syndrome, organ invasion lesions, graft loss, accelerated recurrence of hepatitis C, an increased risk of acute or chronic rejection, predisposition to other opportunistic infections, compromised immunity, accelerated atherosclerosis and the interaction between beta herpes virus. Therefore, prevention and early treatment are very crucial. A combination of pp65 antigen assay for screening and real-time RT-PCR methods for confirmation provides an optimal, low-cost diagnostic regimen for cytomegalovirus infection. Ganciclovir is the first selection for antiviral treatment after liver transplantation, but oral valganciclovir and intravenous ganciclovir are safe, feasible options for preemptive treatment of cytomegalovirus infection after liver transplantation. The plasma levels of CXCL16, PTX3 and von Wil ebrand factor at the start of treatment are independently associated with virologic and clinical treatment failure during anti-cytomegalovirus therapy in solid organ transplant recipients. We should choose different prevention programs for the patients of different donor-recipient cytomegalovirus serologic status.