No abstract available.
Humans

No abstract available.
Humans

In 2023, Korea had 104953 diagnostic radiological devices installed across 43529 medical institutions, with 398947394 examinations performed. The number of devices and examinations rank among the highest by OECD standards. The average medical radiation dose per individual was 3.13 mSv, representing an increase of approximately 27.2% compared to 2020, contrary to the global trend of decreasing radiation exposure. This study aimed to review various research activities by the Korean Society of Radiology, its members, and other researchers to reduce radiation exposure and explore additional strategies to further mitigate this issue.

In 2023, Korea had 104953 diagnostic radiological devices installed across 43529 medical institutions, with 398947394 examinations performed. The number of devices and examinations rank among the highest by OECD standards. The average medical radiation dose per individual was 3.13 mSv, representing an increase of approximately 27.2% compared to 2020, contrary to the global trend of decreasing radiation exposure. This study aimed to review various research activities by the Korean Society of Radiology, its members, and other researchers to reduce radiation exposure and explore additional strategies to further mitigate this issue.

In 2023, Korea had 104953 diagnostic radiological devices installed across 43529 medical institutions, with 398947394 examinations performed. The number of devices and examinations rank among the highest by OECD standards. The average medical radiation dose per individual was 3.13 mSv, representing an increase of approximately 27.2% compared to 2020, contrary to the global trend of decreasing radiation exposure. This study aimed to review various research activities by the Korean Society of Radiology, its members, and other researchers to reduce radiation exposure and explore additional strategies to further mitigate this issue.

PURPOSE: To describe the clinical, MR imaging, and pathologic findings of pediatric meningiomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records and MR images of 16 pediatric patients with pathologically proven meningioma. Mean patient age at diagnosis was 14 years (range, 3-18). MR images were reviewed for details of lesion sizes, locations, signal intensity (SI), marginal characteristics, internal architectures, enhancements, and dural and parenchymal changes. The findings of other imaging modalities and of pathological examinations were also analyzed. RESULTS: Mean tumor size was 5.24 cm (range, 1.3-18.1 cm) and locations were supratentorial in 12 and infratentorial in 4. SI of masses were variable, that is, high in 9, iso in 4, and low in 3 on T2 weighted images (T2WI), and low (n=11), iso (n=4), or high (n=1) on T1WI images. All lesions were visualized as well-demarcated enhancing masses. Five of the tumors were heterogeneous with cystic or necrotic components. Dural attachment was observed in 11 patients and adjacent brain edema in 10. Tumors exhibited hyperdense (n=6) or isodense (n=4) on nonenhanced CT scans, and 3 of the 7 angiograms demonstrated blood supply from the internal carotid artery. Pathologic examinations revealed the following subtypes; transitional cell (n=4), meningotheliomatous (n=4), chordoid (n=2), fibrous (n=2), clear cell (n=1), hyalinized (n=1), rhabdoid papillary (n=1), and atypical (n=1). CONCLUSION: Pediatric meningiomas occur usually in teenagers, have diverse pathological types, and may produce atypical imaging findings, such as, a heterogeneous internal content or findings suggestive of intraaxial tumors.
Adolescent ; Brain Edema ; Brain Neoplasms ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Medical Records ; Meningioma ; Retrospective Studies

Lateral eyebrow mass with primary skull lesion are rare in pediatric population. Although epidermoid cyst and dermoid cyst are the most commonly encountered skull lesions in pediatric population, Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is rarely reported. We report a case of LCH arising from the lateral eyebrow with osteolytic lesion involving the frontal bone. A 5-year-old boy was presented with a hard, fixed mass in his lateral eyebrow. Contrast magnetic resonance imaging revealed inhomogeneous enhancement of the mass with direct invasion of the frontal bone and adjacent dura mater. Under general anesthesia, linear incision at the lateral eyebrow region was made. Intraoperative evaluation revealed hard, fixed and well-defined soft tissue mass. The final extirpated mass was 2.5 x 2.4 cm in size, and was accompanied by a 1 x 1 cm sized defect on the frontal bone with intact dura mater. The surgical wound was closed primarily by a layer-by-layer fashion. Histologic examination was later performed for definite diagnosis. The histologic examination revealed abnormal proliferation of Langerhans cell with granuloma formation. Radionuclide bone scan and positron emission tomography was taken and revealed free of multi-organ involvement. At 3 months after surgery, natural looking contour at the lateral eyebrow region was observed with no tumor recurrence. Differential diagnosis of the hard and fixed mass at the lateral eyebrow region affecting the primary skull lesion from pediatric population includes epidermoid cyst, dermoid cyst and LCH. Generally, brief physical examination with plain X-ray view can be performed for clinical evaluation, but for a definite diagnosis, contrast MRI may be helpful.
Anesthesia, General ; Child ; Dermoid Cyst ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dura Mater ; Epidermal Cyst ; Eyebrows ; Frontal Bone ; Granuloma ; Histiocytosis ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Physical Examination ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Recurrence ; Skull

The aim of this report was to discuss the development and content of a guide on clinical performance and basic clinical skills for medical students. We published the first edition of this guide in 2010 and will publish the second edition in 2016. Initially, we took a survey on important clinical presentations and fundamental clinical and technical skills in 41 medical schools in Korea. Ultimately, we chose 80 core clinical presentations and 56 clinical skills. In the guide to basic clinical skills, we described the physical examination and technical skills according to the preprocedural preparation, procedure, and postprocedural process. In the guide on clinical performance, we reviewed patient encounters-from history taking and the physical examination to patient education. We included communication skills, principles of patient safety, and clinical reasoning schemes into the guides. In total, 43 academic faculty members helped develop the basic clinical skills guide, 75 participated in establishing the clinical performance guide, and 16 advisors from 14 medical specialty societies contributed to the guide. These guides can help medical students approach patients holistically and safely.
Clinical Competence/*standards ; Educational Measurement/*methods ; Humans ; *Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Republic of Korea ; *Students, Medical

Angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia is a relatively rare benign lesion. In 1954 Casteman described the first case of this process occurring in the anterior mediastinum. This lesion was subsequently described in a number of case reports under various names including Castleman's disease, lymph nodal hamartoma, follicular lympho-reticuloma, angiofollicular lymph-node hyperplasia, angiomatous lymphoid hamartoma, and benign giant lymphoma. Although the mediastinum is the most common location, they also occur in other areas of the body, usually where lymph nodes are normally found. However, intraspinal location has been seldom described in literatures. Recently, authors experienced a case of angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia in the thoracic spinal canal, which was operated upon for paraparesis below T10, in a 17 year old male. The tumor was located between the levels of T8 to T10, and was encircling the subjacent spinal cord. This lesion was successfully removed. The patient is in good condition postoperatively. A brief review of pertinent literatures was made.
Adolescent ; Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia* ; Hamartoma ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphoma ; Male ; Mediastinum ; Paraparesis ; Spinal Canal* ; Spinal Cord

Although diseases of the parotid gland are relatively uncommon in children, a variety of benign and malignant lesions may occur and the use of imaging is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment. Ultrasonography (US) is the initial imaging modality utilized for suspected parotid lesions, and its use may suggest a correct diagnosis in an adequate clinical setting. The use of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are useful for the assessment of large and atypical lesions. These modalities also allow the ability to image the deep parotid lobe and to better define the nature of a lesion. CT is the preferred imaging modality for inflammatory processes, including suspected sialolithiasis, abscesses and salivary duct obstructions, whereas MRI is usually used to evaluate tumors due to excellent anatomic resolution and a lack of ionizing radiation exposure, especially in children. This report describes the imaging findings of various parotid gland lesions in children. Familiarity with these findings will aid in lesion characterization and should facilitate optimal clinical management.
Abscess ; Child ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Parotid Gland ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Recognition (Psychology) ; Salivary Ducts ; Salivary Gland Calculi ; Tomography, X-Ray