The basic pathophysiology of vitiligo is still obscure. Most researchers emphasized that poasible immunologic role is very important in pathophysiology of vitiligo. Also the type of vitiligo is classified by various type baaed on clinical manifestations. These facts promoted us to analyse the immunologic state in each type of vitiligo in order to verify whether there is present any immunologic alteration in this permatosis or any differences of immune state in each type of vitiligo. The following immune cells were analysed, T cell, B cell, and T cell subsets such as helper T cell and suppresaor T cell. Vitiligo vulgaris in our study showed alteration of immune cell such as low level of T cell and helper T cell.
B-Lymphocytes* ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets* ; Vitiligo*

A typical case of gelinerazed cutalineous lichen amyloidosus is reported. A 62-year-old female had had brownish papular lesions on the lower legs, hands, and shoulders for about 8 years. Three years later, the papular lesions extended through the whole body surface. She complained of severe itching and tingling sensation. Physical findings were confined to the skin. The skin lesions were diffusely distributed. The size of the lesion was from pin-head to rice, The color was dark brownish. The papules were over generalized skin except for the face, palms, and sole.. Diagnosis was made by the characteristic clinical manifestations and histopathologic findings of the skin. However, the specimens of the liver and rectal biopsies did not show amyloid deposits. Based on these findings, authors concluded that this is a case of generalized cutaneous lichen amvloidosus and this is the second case in the literature in Korea. Even though the subjective symptom such as itching is getting decrease, the clinical course of this disease could not be aliernated by classical and conventional therapeutic regimens.
Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Korea ; Leg ; Lichens* ; Liver ; Middle Aged ; Plaque, Amyloid ; Pruritus ; Sensation ; Shoulder ; Skin

Nevus lipomatosus cutaneus superficialis is a very rare skin disease which appears at birth or within the firat two decades of life. This uncommon condition is due to collections of ectopic fat cells within the upper and mid-dermis. There are two clinical forms. The first form is a lesion of zonal distribution, present from birth or childhood, usually on the buttocks or the lower back. The second form, a dome or sessile, papule, begins in adult life and is less restricted in distribution, and occurs also on the limbs Coalescence of soft, yellowish papules tends to form cerebriform plaques. The authors experienced two cases of typical nevus lipomatosus cutaneus superficialis. The first case was a 23-year male who had asymptomatic, soft, skin colored, and pea sized confluent nodules on the right lower back area since at birth. The second case was a 35-year female who had asymptomatic, multiple, soft, skin colored from rice to walnut sized confluent nodules on the coccygeal area which developed at the age of 27. Diagnosis was confirmed by clinical and histopathological findings.
Adipocytes ; Adult ; Buttocks ; Diagnosis ; Extremities ; Female ; Fluconazole ; Humans ; Juglans ; Male ; Nevus* ; Parturition ; Peas ; Skin ; Skin Diseases

Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis is a rare disease which is extremely variable in its severity. In some patients it may be so severe and generalized during the neonatal period as to be lifethreatening, in others, it is relatively inconspicuous. A bullous eruption is the characteristic finding of the epidermolytic hyperkeratosis The bullous episodes soon become less frequent and more localized and may eventually cesse, but continue into adult life after the age of 20 years in at least 20% of cases. A case of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis is represented. The patient was a 25-year-old male who had ichthyosiform erythroderma and the frequent episades of bullous eruption. The bullous eruption had been subsided under the treatment with oral penicillin administration. The histopathological features of the bullous lesion on his abdomen revealed the features of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis.
Abdomen ; Adult ; Blister ; Dermatitis, Exfoliative ; Humans ; Hyperkeratosis, Epidermolytic* ; Male ; Penicillins ; Rare Diseases

The effect of Neosporin eye drop against Pseudomonas infections of the eye was investigated experimentally in rabbits. Experimental Pseudomonas conjunctivitis was produced in 8 eyes by instillation of suspensions of the organism cultured in broth medium for 24 hours. All eyes developed severe purulent conjunctivitis. Untreated control eyes (2 eyes) showed copious discharge which persisted for one week. When treated with Neosporin drop every 2 hours beginning from 24 hours after the inoculation, discharge disappeared markedly and promptly and all ocular signs became normal by two days of treatment. Induction of Pseudomonas corneal ulcer was effectively carried out by passing through the superficial corneal stroma with a fine needle thread with 6-0 silk which had dipped into a broth culture solution previously, combined with cauterization of a lacrimal punctum. Within 24 hours, there appeared corneal ulcer with conjunctivitis. Untreated two eyes showed hypopyon and extensive ulceration which finally perforated and became atrophic after one week. Instillation of Neosporin every two hours was done 24 hours after the inoculation resulted in moderate improvement of corneal ulcer which was apparent after couple days of treatment. At the end of 20 days of treatment, 4 eyes of 6 showed good response (localized corneal opacity), 1 eye was bad (extensive corneal scarring) and 1 eye was lost due to atrophy of eyeball. Colistin, also effective against Pseudomonas infection, was also instilled in 4 rabbit's eyes with Pseudomonas corneal ulcer in a concentration of 100,000 units/ml every 2 hours. The results seemed to be inferior to that obtained by Neosporin. The final outcome after 20 days of treatment was, good in one eye, bad in 2 eyes and lost in 1 eye. Neosporin was tried in clinical patients with various ocular infectious diseases. Shortening of treatment period and milder course were noted in bacterial infections, namely, 8 cases of acute catarrhal conjunctivitis due to Pneumococcus and Koch-Weeks bacillus, 4 cases of angular blepharoconjunctivitis, 5 cases of hordeolum, 2 cases of gonococcal conjunctivitis and one case of Pseudomonas corneal ulcer. No effect was noted in viral diseases......epidemic keratoconjunctivitis and pharyngoconjunctival fever.
Atrophy ; Bacillus ; Bacterial Infections ; Cautery ; Colistin ; Common Cold ; Communicable Diseases ; Conjunctivitis ; Conjunctivitis, Bacterial ; Corneal Stroma ; Corneal Ulcer ; Fever ; Hordeolum ; Humans ; Keratoconjunctivitis ; Needles ; Pseudomonas Infections* ; Pseudomonas* ; Rabbits ; Silk ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; Suspensions ; Ulcer

Most postoperative maxillary cysts develop more than 10 years after a Caldwell-Luc operation. They can manifest with cheek pain, swelling and dental and visual symptoms. Brain imaging should be performed to distinguish trigeminal nerve compression from various other possible causes. It should be treated by surgical intervention to relieve the above-mentioned symptoms. We report a patient who presented with compressive trigeminal neuropathy caused by a postoperative maxillary cyst.
Cheek ; Humans ; Neuroimaging ; Trigeminal Nerve ; Trigeminal Nerve Diseases*

Most postoperative maxillary cysts develop more than 10 years after a Caldwell-Luc operation. They can manifest with cheek pain, swelling and dental and visual symptoms. Brain imaging should be performed to distinguish trigeminal nerve compression from various other possible causes. It should be treated by surgical intervention to relieve the above-mentioned symptoms. We report a patient who presented with compressive trigeminal neuropathy caused by a postoperative maxillary cyst.
Cheek ; Humans ; Neuroimaging ; Trigeminal Nerve ; Trigeminal Nerve Diseases*

No abstract available.
Chromatin* ; DNA* ; Epigenomics* ; Histones* ; Methylation*

TCR signaling leading to thymocyte apoptosis is mediated through the expression of the Nur77 family of orphan nuclear receptors. It has been shown that the Nur77 promoter is activated by at least two signaling pathways, one mediated by calcium and the other by protein kinase C (PKC). MEF2D has been known to regulate Nur77 expression in a calcium- dependent manner. The mechanism by which calcium regulates MEF2D is through dissociation of calcium-sensitive MEF2 corepressors (Cabin1/ HDACs, HDAC4/5) and the association with calcineurin-activated transcription factor NF-AT and the coactivator p300. However, little is known about how PKC activates the Nur77 promoter. Herein, we report that PKC theta targets AP-1 like response element in the Nur77 promoter where JunD constitutively binds. PKC theta triggers mitogen-activated protein kinase- inediated phosphorylation of JunD, and increases transcriptional activity of JunD, cooperatively with p300. Menin is identified as the transcriptional corepressor for JunD via recruitment of mSin3-istone deacetylases. In fact, Menin represses PKC theta/ p300-mediated transcriptional activity of JunD in T cell. Its dynamic regulation of histone modifiers with JunD is responsible for PKCq-synergistic effect on Nur77 expression in T cell.
Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics ; Enzyme Activation ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Isoenzymes/*metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; *Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 ; Promoter Regions (Genetics)/genetics ; Protein Kinase C/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/*genetics ; Receptors, Steroid/*genetics ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Response Elements ; Transcription Factors/*genetics ; Transcription, Genetic/*genetics

Down syndrome critical region 1 (DSCR1), an oxidative stress-response gene, interacts with calcineurin and represses its phosphatase activity. Recently it was shown that hydrogen peroxide inactivates calcineurin by proteolytic cleavage. Based on these facts, we investigated whether oxidative stress affects DSCR1-mediated inactivation of calcineurin. We determined that overexpression of DSCR1 leads to increased proteolytic cleavage of calcineurin. Convertsely, knockdown of DSCR1 abolished calcineurin cleavage upon treatment with hydrogen peroxide. The PXIIXT motif in the COOH-terminus of DSCR1 is responsible for both binding and cleavage of calcineurin. The knockdown of overexpressed DSCR1 in DS fibroblast cells also abrogated calcineurin proteolysis by hydrogen peroxide. These results suggest that DSCR1 has the ability to inactivate calcineurin by inducing proteolytic cleavage of calcineurin upon oxidative stress.
Adenoviridae/genetics ; Adult ; Animals ; Calcineurin/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Down Syndrome/*metabolism/pathology ; Fibroblasts/metabolism/pathology ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology ; Immunoglobulin G/immunology ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Muscle Proteins/*physiology ; Neuroblastoma/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Neurons/cytology/metabolism ; Oxidants/pharmacology ; Oxidative Stress ; Peptide Fragments/immunology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Skin/pathology ; Young Adult