Glomus tumor is a painful small subcutaneous mass as described by William Wood in 1812. Although seen infrequently and difficult to diagnose, the tumor has been interest to the profession for many years. The normal glomus is an end-organ apparatus which is a remarkable arteriovenous anastomosis functioning without an intermediary capillary bed. Distributed widely over the surface of the body in the deepest layer of the corium or in the stratum reticuiare of the skin, it is most abundant at the distal ends of the extremities. The main function of the glomus body is to aid in the regulation of the skin circulation and, therefore, the peripheral blood pressure and temperature. Glomus tumor represents a hypertrophy of the normal glomus. The gross appearance is that of small soft encapsulated tumor, pink or purple in color, almost always less than one centimeter in diameter if it is located subungually. The microscopic appearance of the tumor closely resembles that of normal glomus, the principal difference being a marked increase in the number of glomal cells (epithelioid cells) and nonmyelinated nerves. Glomus tumor may occur at any age but is most frequent in the middle age of life. Pain, tenderness and temperature sensitivity are the classic triad of symptoms. Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice for the glomus tumors. Successful removal of the tumor leads to complete relief of pain and return to normal function. This paper is aimed to report on our experience with 3 cases of subungual glomus tumor which were successfully treated by complete excision and to review the literature.
Arteriovenous Anastomosis ; Blood Pressure ; Capillaries ; Dermis ; Extremities ; Glomus Tumor ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Middle Aged ; Skin ; Wood

Behcet syndrom is a chronic systemic disease developing recurrent oral and genital ulceration, ocular inflammation, arthritis and neurological manifestations. Anterior uveitis and occlusive retinal vasculitis are the most commom ocular manifestation of Behcet syndrome. A 29 years old Korean male with abducens palsy (6th cranial nerve palsy) was found to have oral aphthae, genital ulcer, skin lesion and other neurological manifestations (weakness and sensory loss of lower extremeties, ataxic gait, speech disturbance and urinary difficulty), but he had neither ocular manifestation such as uveitis nor retinal vasculitis.
Adult ; Arthritis ; Behcet Syndrome ; Cranial Nerves ; Gait ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Male ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Paralysis* ; Retinal Vasculitis ; Skin Ulcer ; Stomatitis, Aphthous ; Ulcer ; Uveitis ; Uveitis, Anterior

The angle kappa is defined as the angle between the optical axis and the visual axis. A positive angle kappa may simulate an exodeviation, while a negative angle kappa may simulate an esodeviation. It is measured by several methods, and ranges from 2 to 5 degrees. A 19 year old Korean male was seen in our clinic complaining of exodeviation OS, but he was found to have an esotropia OD with large positive angle kappa.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Esotropia* ; Exotropia* ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult

The angle kappa is defined as the angle between the optical axis and the visual axis. A positive angle kappa may simulate an exodeviation, while a negative angle kappa may simulate an esodeviation. It is measured by several methods, and ranges from 2 to 5 degrees. A 19 year old Korean male was seen in our clinic complaining of exodeviation OS, but he was found to have an esotropia OD with large positive angle kappa.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Esotropia* ; Exotropia* ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult

Recently hang-back recession is chosen instead of conventional recession to get better result in strabismus surgery. Jampolsky method, a popular method of hang-back recession, has some draw-backs; the extraocular muscle width can be decreased, the center of the muscle can be sagging posteriorly, and the amount of recession can be somewhat shortened than expected in operation. Accordingly, we devised a new modified hang-back recession and compared with Jampolsky method. Two months after respective operation in 7 albino rabbits, the width of the muscle comparing to preoperative condition, the amount of recession, and the sagging of middle part of the muscle were evalvated in comparison with the preoperative findings. The width of muscles was significantly shortened in Jampolsky method in comparison with preoperative condition (p<0.05), but not in our new method (p>0.05). The amount of recession by Jampolsky method was significantly shortened than expected in operation (p<0.05), but not by our new method (p>0.10). The significant sagging of the muscle was found with Jampolsky method (p<0.05), but not with our modified method (p>O.lO). In review of these findings, our new method is devoid of some draw backs of Jampolsky method.
Muscles ; Rabbits ; Strabismus

Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous(PHPV) is a congnital abnormality of the embryonic intraocular vasculature, resulting from the failure of regression of the primary vitreous in a full-term infant. PHPV is usually unilateral and characterized by leukocoria, elongated ciliary process, microphthalmia, cataract, rubeosis iridis, shallow anterior chamber, and secondary glaucoma. PHPV finally develops into retinal detachment, intractable glaucoma, and pthisis bulbi. Surgical treatment, involving lensectomy and vitrectomy, is not successful and poor visual result is obtained due to retinal abnormalities. A one-month-old girl was found to have persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous in both eyes, and she expired of unknown etiology at home 2 months after diagnosls.
Anterior Chamber ; Cataract ; Female ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Infant ; Microphthalmos ; Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous* ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinaldehyde ; Vitrectomy

PURPOSE: This study aimed to find out whether there are relationships among anatomic characteristics of inferior oblique muscle insertion, corneal diameter, axial length and inferior oblique recession landmark. METHODS: Thirty-one Korean cadaver orbits were dissected to expose the full length of extraocular muscles and sclera, and then we measured the length from the recession landmark of inferior oblique to the lateral edge of insertion of inferior rectus and to the inferior edge of insertion of lateral rectus. RESULTS: The mean of angles between the inferior oblique muscle insertion and lateral rectus direction is 27.9+/-9.0degrees and the range is from 15 degrees to 50 degrees . There is a statistically significant correlation between cord length of 8 mm recession landmark of inferior oblique and angles of inferior oblique insertion with lateral rectus direction. We divided the shapes of inferior oblique insertion into straight and convexed curves. Twelve insertions are straight and thirteen insertions are curved. There is no statistically significant correlation between shape of inferior oblique insertion and cord length from recession landmark. In corneal diameter and axial length, we found correlations with cord length of 8 mm and 10 mm recession landmark of inferior oblique. CONCLUSIONS: We conclud that there are some correlations among anatomic characteristics, axial length and corneal diameter with recession landmark of inferior oblique.
Cadaver ; Muscles ; Orbit ; Sclera

Granular corneal dystrophy is characterized by the presence of milk-white spots in the superficial stroma typically lying underneath Bowman's membrane in the axial region of the cornea. This corneal dystrophy was first described by Groenouw in 1890. Since then, not only this dystrophy but also many other types of familial corneal dystrophies have been described. In 1938 Bucklers classified the corneal dystrophy into three types; granular, lattice and macular corneal dystropy. Granular corneal dystrophy was inherited as an autosomal dominant characteristics. It begins in the first decade of life becoming obious at about the age of puberty. The early leasions are small, discrete, grayish-white spots in the superficial stroma of both corneas, and as the condition advances, the lesions are more evident and of various sizes and shapes. This opacities are confined mostly to the axial portion of the cornea. There is no decrease in coreal sensitivity nor any vascularization. Gradually the opacities enlarge, thicken and coalesce into irregular granules hooks, rings and streaks of whitish color and glassy structure. The progress of the disease is usually slow, and moderately good vision often remains in the fourth or fifth decade. The main histopathologic feature is the deposition of a hyalin-like material in the corneal stroma. When the opacification or the irritative epis:xles become disabling, corneal grafting may be indicated. The cases reported here are granu'lar dystrophies which involved four daughters of one family.
Adolescent ; Bowman Membrane ; Cornea ; Corneal Stroma ; Corneal Transplantation ; Deception ; Humans ; Nuclear Family ; Puberty

Congenital dilatation of the common bile duct is relatively rare anomaly. Its pathogenesis has not been completely understood. Complications of the choledochal cyst are mainly suppurative cholangitis, liver cirrhosis, stone formation, malignant change, bile peritonitis due to spontaneous and traumatic rupture. We experienced one case of choledochal cyst associated with hemorrhagic tendency and a cerebral hematoma, which is extremely rare complication. The 3 months old male patient reported here was treated with complete excision of cyst and Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy after correction of bleeding tendency and removal of cerebral hematoma. Postoperative course was relatively uneventful. 11 days after operation, the patient was discharged with full improvement.
Bile ; Cholangitis ; Choledochal Cyst* ; Choledochostomy ; Common Bile Duct ; Dilatation ; Hematoma* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Male ; Peritonitis ; Rupture

The term ectropion denotes an outward turning or eversion of the eyelid margin. Depending on the mechanism of its causation may be classified into five types-spastic, senile, paralytic, mechanical and cicatricial. Cicatricial ectropion results most frequently from burns and is the result of the destruction of skin of the eyelid and of the surrounding facial area. Cicatricial ectropion must be treated by some form of blepharoplasty. The milder degrees of deformity may be corrected by local procedures, such as converting a V-shaped incision into a Y; but more extensive contractures necessitate the excision of scar tissue and its replacement by grafting, using either the pedicle or free methods. The authors treated a case of cicatricial ectropion of the upper and lower eyelids due to burn with full thickness skin graft.
Blepharoplasty ; Burns ; Cicatrix ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Contracture ; Ectropion* ; Eyelids ; Skin ; Transplants