Glomus tumor is a painful small subcutaneous mass as described by William Wood in 1812. Although seen infrequently and difficult to diagnose, the tumor has been interest to the profession for many years. The normal glomus is an end-organ apparatus which is a remarkable arteriovenous anastomosis functioning without an intermediary capillary bed. Distributed widely over the surface of the body in the deepest layer of the corium or in the stratum reticuiare of the skin, it is most abundant at the distal ends of the extremities. The main function of the glomus body is to aid in the regulation of the skin circulation and, therefore, the peripheral blood pressure and temperature. Glomus tumor represents a hypertrophy of the normal glomus. The gross appearance is that of small soft encapsulated tumor, pink or purple in color, almost always less than one centimeter in diameter if it is located subungually. The microscopic appearance of the tumor closely resembles that of normal glomus, the principal difference being a marked increase in the number of glomal cells (epithelioid cells) and nonmyelinated nerves. Glomus tumor may occur at any age but is most frequent in the middle age of life. Pain, tenderness and temperature sensitivity are the classic triad of symptoms. Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice for the glomus tumors. Successful removal of the tumor leads to complete relief of pain and return to normal function. This paper is aimed to report on our experience with 3 cases of subungual glomus tumor which were successfully treated by complete excision and to review the literature.
Arteriovenous Anastomosis ; Blood Pressure ; Capillaries ; Dermis ; Extremities ; Glomus Tumor ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Middle Aged ; Skin ; Wood

Behcet syndrom is a chronic systemic disease developing recurrent oral and genital ulceration, ocular inflammation, arthritis and neurological manifestations. Anterior uveitis and occlusive retinal vasculitis are the most commom ocular manifestation of Behcet syndrome. A 29 years old Korean male with abducens palsy (6th cranial nerve palsy) was found to have oral aphthae, genital ulcer, skin lesion and other neurological manifestations (weakness and sensory loss of lower extremeties, ataxic gait, speech disturbance and urinary difficulty), but he had neither ocular manifestation such as uveitis nor retinal vasculitis.
Adult ; Arthritis ; Behcet Syndrome ; Cranial Nerves ; Gait ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Male ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Paralysis* ; Retinal Vasculitis ; Skin Ulcer ; Stomatitis, Aphthous ; Ulcer ; Uveitis ; Uveitis, Anterior

Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous(PHPV) is a congnital abnormality of the embryonic intraocular vasculature, resulting from the failure of regression of the primary vitreous in a full-term infant. PHPV is usually unilateral and characterized by leukocoria, elongated ciliary process, microphthalmia, cataract, rubeosis iridis, shallow anterior chamber, and secondary glaucoma. PHPV finally develops into retinal detachment, intractable glaucoma, and pthisis bulbi. Surgical treatment, involving lensectomy and vitrectomy, is not successful and poor visual result is obtained due to retinal abnormalities. A one-month-old girl was found to have persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous in both eyes, and she expired of unknown etiology at home 2 months after diagnosls.
Anterior Chamber ; Cataract ; Female ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Infant ; Microphthalmos ; Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous* ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinaldehyde ; Vitrectomy

Recently hang-back recession is chosen instead of conventional recession to get better result in strabismus surgery. Jampolsky method, a popular method of hang-back recession, has some draw-backs; the extraocular muscle width can be decreased, the center of the muscle can be sagging posteriorly, and the amount of recession can be somewhat shortened than expected in operation. Accordingly, we devised a new modified hang-back recession and compared with Jampolsky method. Two months after respective operation in 7 albino rabbits, the width of the muscle comparing to preoperative condition, the amount of recession, and the sagging of middle part of the muscle were evalvated in comparison with the preoperative findings. The width of muscles was significantly shortened in Jampolsky method in comparison with preoperative condition (p<0.05), but not in our new method (p>0.05). The amount of recession by Jampolsky method was significantly shortened than expected in operation (p<0.05), but not by our new method (p>0.10). The significant sagging of the muscle was found with Jampolsky method (p<0.05), but not with our modified method (p>O.lO). In review of these findings, our new method is devoid of some draw backs of Jampolsky method.
Muscles ; Rabbits ; Strabismus

The angle kappa is defined as the angle between the optical axis and the visual axis. A positive angle kappa may simulate an exodeviation, while a negative angle kappa may simulate an esodeviation. It is measured by several methods, and ranges from 2 to 5 degrees. A 19 year old Korean male was seen in our clinic complaining of exodeviation OS, but he was found to have an esotropia OD with large positive angle kappa.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Esotropia* ; Exotropia* ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult

The angle kappa is defined as the angle between the optical axis and the visual axis. A positive angle kappa may simulate an exodeviation, while a negative angle kappa may simulate an esodeviation. It is measured by several methods, and ranges from 2 to 5 degrees. A 19 year old Korean male was seen in our clinic complaining of exodeviation OS, but he was found to have an esotropia OD with large positive angle kappa.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Esotropia* ; Exotropia* ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: This study aimed to find out whether there are relationships among anatomic characteristics of inferior oblique muscle insertion, corneal diameter, axial length and inferior oblique recession landmark. METHODS: Thirty-one Korean cadaver orbits were dissected to expose the full length of extraocular muscles and sclera, and then we measured the length from the recession landmark of inferior oblique to the lateral edge of insertion of inferior rectus and to the inferior edge of insertion of lateral rectus. RESULTS: The mean of angles between the inferior oblique muscle insertion and lateral rectus direction is 27.9+/-9.0degrees and the range is from 15 degrees to 50 degrees . There is a statistically significant correlation between cord length of 8 mm recession landmark of inferior oblique and angles of inferior oblique insertion with lateral rectus direction. We divided the shapes of inferior oblique insertion into straight and convexed curves. Twelve insertions are straight and thirteen insertions are curved. There is no statistically significant correlation between shape of inferior oblique insertion and cord length from recession landmark. In corneal diameter and axial length, we found correlations with cord length of 8 mm and 10 mm recession landmark of inferior oblique. CONCLUSIONS: We conclud that there are some correlations among anatomic characteristics, axial length and corneal diameter with recession landmark of inferior oblique.
Cadaver ; Muscles ; Orbit ; Sclera

Superior limbic keratoconjunctivits (SLK) is a chronic, recurrent keratoconjunctivitis of unknown etiology, which is clinically characterized by papillary hypertrophy of upper tarsus, redness of the superior bulbar conjunctiva, thickening and keratinization of the superior limbus, epithelial keratitis. recurrent filaments formation, and superior micropannus. This. disease may be bilateral and usually common in females between 20 and 60 years of age. Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis does not respond to topical antibiotics, antivirals, nor corticosteroids. A 28 year old Korean male was found to have characteristic clinical signs of superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis O.U. which was confirmed on the scraping by demonstrating keratinizing and degenerating epithelial cells of the limbus. No thyroid disease was seen in association with superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis. Application of 0.5% silver nitrate solution improved the condition of superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Adult ; Ankle ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antiviral Agents ; Conjunctiva ; Epithelial Cells ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Keratitis ; Keratoconjunctivitis ; Male ; Silver Nitrate ; Thyroid Diseases

Persistent physical stimulation and foreign body contact in prosthesis wearers may develop secondary infection, frequent conjunctival injection and responses such as giant papillary conjunctivitis. In 77 patients wearing prostheses, the bilateral conjunctival flora was studied and compared with the expect of conjunctival floral change. The predominent organisms were essentially the same in both sides: Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus followed by streptococcus. The incidence of bacterial isolation on the anophthalmic side (67.5%) was significantly higher than on the healthy side (32.5%). Especially the incidence of potential pathogenic bacterial isolation(Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, Gram negative bacilli)(27.9%) was significantly higher on the anophthalmic side than on the healthy side(6.5%). The conjunctival smear study showed the higher incidence of polymorpho nucleoleukocyte and bacteria on the anophthalmic side. The isolation rates of the moderate to marked responded conjunctiva(46.9%) was lower than on the mild responded conjunctiva(69.2%) . The wearing time of the prostheses, the frequency of cleaning of prostheses, type of cleaner and topical drops used did not effect the incidence of bacterial isolation of conjunctival sac. Therfore these results showed that persistent physical stimulation and foreign body contact with prosthesis wearing may alter the microbial flora of the conjunctival sac.
Bacteria ; Coinfection ; Conjunctivitis, Allergic ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Physical Stimulation ; Prostheses and Implants* ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; Streptococcus

Congenital dilatation of the common bile duct is relatively rare anomaly. Its pathogenesis has not been completely understood. Complications of the choledochal cyst are mainly suppurative cholangitis, liver cirrhosis, stone formation, malignant change, bile peritonitis due to spontaneous and traumatic rupture. We experienced one case of choledochal cyst associated with hemorrhagic tendency and a cerebral hematoma, which is extremely rare complication. The 3 months old male patient reported here was treated with complete excision of cyst and Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy after correction of bleeding tendency and removal of cerebral hematoma. Postoperative course was relatively uneventful. 11 days after operation, the patient was discharged with full improvement.
Bile ; Cholangitis ; Choledochal Cyst* ; Choledochostomy ; Common Bile Duct ; Dilatation ; Hematoma* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Male ; Peritonitis ; Rupture