Nail lacquer is a cause of allergic contact dermatitis. Nail lacquer is composed of nitrocellulose(film former), adhesives(also maintain glass), plasticizer, solvent and coloring agent, among these the adhesives-sulfonamide and formaldehyde resin-are the moat common and important antigen. Predilection area of this dermatitis is periungual, face especially upper eye lid, forehead and cheek, and neck. The lesion is usually eczematous, and characteristic lesion is also seen such as mottled, linear or band-like hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation. Recently allergic contact dermatitis due to nail lacquer is increasing in number, so report with the result of patch test and review of literatures.
Cheek ; Dermatitis ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact* ; Forehead ; Formaldehyde ; Hyperpigmentation ; Hypopigmentation ; Lacquer* ; Neck ; Patch Tests ; Plastics

Narrowing of the retinal vessels in chronic glaucoma has been recognized only recently. We performed this study to evaluate the vessel diameter in normal and glaucoma eyes, addressing whether the retinal vessel diameters differ with the degree of glaucomatous optic nerve damage. The diameters of the superior temporal and inferior temporal retinal artery and vein were measured at the optic disc border from optic disc photographs of 234 eyes of 141 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and 139 eyes of 86 normal subjects. The photographic magnification was corrected according to Littmanns method. Only one eye per patient and subject was taken for statistical analysis. According to the neuroretinal rim/disc area ratio, the glaucoma group was divided into four stages(early; more than 0.61, medium; 0.60~0.41, advanced; 0.40~0.21, far advanced; less than 0.20). In the normal group the diameter of the inferior temporal vein(0.130+/-0.020mm) was the largest, followed by the superior temporal vein(0.117+/-0.017mm), the inferior temporal artery(0.102+/-0.016mm), finally the superior temporal artery(0.093+/-0.012mm). The retinal vessel diameter decreased significantly with decreasing of the neuroretinal rim/disc area ratio. In the glaucomatous eyes as compared to the normal eyes, the diameters of the inferior temporal and superior temporal retinal artery were significantly smaller at the early and medium stages(p<0.03, p<0.02, respectively). Whereas both inferior temporal and superior temporal retinal vein diameters were significantly samller at the far advanced stage(p=0.01, p=0.005, respectively). The results indicate that generalized reduction of the retinal vessel diameter throughout the retina is related to the severity of glaucoma. From a diagnostic point of view, evaluation of artery diameter rather than vein diameter may be helpful for the differentiation between normal and glaucomatous eyes.
Arteries ; Glaucoma* ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Optic Nerve ; Retina ; Retinal Artery ; Retinal Vein ; Retinal Vessels* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Veins

The etiology and pathogenesis of lumbar disc herniation is not clearly proved although biochemical change, physical stress, genetic factor, autoimmune phenomenon and psychophysiologic phenomenon have been considered by many investigators. The most important one is a result of pathologic acceleration of normal aging of the tissue. The present study is aimed to investigate the changes of mucosubstances in normal aging and herniated disc which might have possible role on the disc herniation. The materials used in this study consisted of 123 cases of surgically removed herniated disc and 7 cases of normal control disc obtained from autopsy. Sections were cut and stained with periodic acid-schiff (P.A.S.)-alcian blue (pH 2.5) for the detection of neutral mucosubstances, alcian blue at pH 2.5 for nonsulfated acid mucosubstances, and alcian blue at pH 1.0 and Spicers diamine method (HID) for sulfated mucosubstances. The results were as follows. l. Of the 123 cases of lumbar disc herniation, there was a slight male preponderance over female with a ratio of 1.5:1.0. The most commonly affected level was L4-5 comprising 69 cases (56.1%), and up to three quarters of the patients the age was from 3rd to 5th decades in which it was rather evenly distributed. 2. The time interval between the appearance of symptoms and operation was less than 1 year in 77 cases (62.6%), in 32 cases (26.0%) being within 3 months. 3. Histochemical studies of the normal discs showed increase of neutral mucopolysaccharides with reduction of acid and sulfated mucopolysaccharides in the nucleus pulposus, and increase of all the mucosubstances in the annulus fibrosus by aging. 4. Histochemical studies of herniated disc showed an acceleration of the changes seen in normal changes. 5. Cartilaginous end plate formation was noted in 46,3% of herniated discs. The results obtained by the present investigation suggest that herniation of lumbar diosc is closely associated with accelerated or premature degeneration of the disc.
Acceleration ; Aging ; Alcian Blue ; Autopsy ; Female ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; Male ; Methods ; Research Personnel

Atropine (2.5 mg/kg), hexamethonium (1 mg/kg), Trasylol (1,000 u/kg), acetazolamide (100 mg/kg), cortisone (5 mg /kg) or procaine (5 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally once a day for 21 days into rats (both sexes) fed a low protein diet. The rats were fasted and sacrificed 24 hr after the last injection. Atropine and cortisone, but not the other agents, cause a significant increase in both pancreatic weight and enzymes. Serum amylase increased markedly in the cortisone group and serum GOT and GPT increased but slightly in the atropine group. Enlargement of the pancreatic acini, cellular hypertrophy and increases of zymogen granules were observed in all the groups except the procaine and normal control group. The hypertrophy of acini was more prominent in the atropine and cortisone groups. None of drugs used could induce decrease or depress the enzyme formation and weight of pancreas. This data indicates that long-term administration of these drugs, particularly atropine, cortisone or even other Ragents may induce preferential formation of pancreatic enzymes to exocrine secretions and consequently may cause enlargement of the pancreatic acini.
Acetazolamide/administration & dosage* ; Alanine Transaminase/blood ; Amylases/blood ; Animal ; Aprotinin/administration & dosage* ; Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood ; Atropine/administration & dosage* ; Cortisone/administration & dosage* ; Female ; Hexamethonium Compounds* ; Lipase/blood ; Male ; Organ Weight ; Pancreas/drug effects* ; Pancreas/enzymology ; Procaine/administration & dosage* ; Rats ; Time Factors

Bone marrow transplantation has become an accepted treatment for malignancy(particulary leukemia and lymphoma), aplastic anemia, and certain inborn errors of metabolism. In addition to the problem of severe, prolonged myelosuppression, bone marrow transplantation is associated with several unusual complications. Among the complications such as GVHD, graft rejection, interstitial pneumonia and veno-occlusive disease, involvement of the gastrointestinal tract by GVHD is associated with high graft failure and mortality. Intestinal GVHD is usually manifest clinically as voluminous secretory diarrhea accompanied by abdominal cramping, ileus, nutritional depletion, and, at times, hemorrhage. We experienced a case of severe intestinal GVHD after allogeneic marrow transplantation for treatment of severe aplastic anemia. He received bone marrow from his elder sister, HLA-matched multiparous woman and suffered from large amount of watery diarrhea with skin rash 34 days after transplantation. 1n spite of prednisolone therapy the symptom was progressed. After sigmoidoscopic mucosal biopsy, intestinal GVHD was confirmed and we tried methylprednisolone pulse therapy. Skin lesion was improved but the amount of diarrhea was increased with intermittent abdominal cramping. We tried ALG(anti-lymphocyte globulin) and conservative management but the patient did not respond the therapy. He succumbed to pneumonia and acute respiratory insufficiency complicated with GVHD, 70days after transplantation.
Anemia, Aplastic* ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow Transplantation* ; Bone Marrow* ; Colic ; Diarrhea ; Exanthema ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Graft Rejection ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Ileus ; Leukemia ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Metabolism, Inborn Errors ; Methylprednisolone ; Mortality ; Pneumonia ; Prednisolone ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Siblings ; Skin ; Transplants

Eighty eight cases of the endometrial biopsy comprising 19 cases of proliferative phase, 21 cases of secretory phase, and 23 cases of menstrual phase from non-sterility patients, and 25 cases of the endometrium at the first day of menstruation from primary sterility patients were examined histochemically. Secretory substance in the epithelial cells of the endometrial glands during the secretory phase and menstrual phase was main1y glycogen. Therefore, it is essential to fix the endometrial tissue in a fixative which can preserve glycogen for the detection of secretory activity more accurately. Among 25 cases of primary sterility, 15 cases showed epithelial secretory vacuoles on hematoxylin and eosin stained sections, and no epithelial vacuolization was noted in the remaining 10 cases. However, PAS staining showed presence of PAS positive diastase sensitive substance in the majority of the later 10 cases except one in which no PAS positive substance was found, indicating that PAS staining is superior than routine hematoxylin and eosin staining for the detection of epithelial secretory substance. The absolute lack of secretory activity in the endometrial glands was infrequent, but a relative decrease of progesterone effect was rather common among the patients complaining primary sterility, and the decreased progesterone effect may not necessarily be due to the absence of ovulation.
Adult ; Endometrium/*cytology/*physiology ; Female ; Histocytochemistry ; Human ; Infertility, Female/pathology ; Ovulation/*physiology ; Progesterone/analysis ; Secretory Rate

Eosinophilia accompanied by eosinophilic invasion and organ dysfunction may develope idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. Any organ can be involved including bone marrow, lung, skin, heart, gastrointestinal tract and nervous system. Cough, dyspnea, pleural effusion or chest pain are common pulmonary manifestation, and they may be attributed to parenchymal infiltration, pulmonary embolism or heart failure. We report a 43-year-old woman with idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome involving bone marrow, skin, and lung. The patient developed acute dyspnea and chest pain. High resolution CT demonstrated multiple wedge-shaped segmental involvement with pleural effusion thought to be a pulmonary infarction or heart failure. Echocardiography could not find any abnormality. Lung biopsy showed interstitial eosinophilic infiltration with increased eosinophils in BAL fluid. She was treated with high dose corticosteroid and hydroxyurea. Within few days, most of her symptoms disappeared and chest radiography nearly cleared up.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Chest Pain ; Cough ; Dyspnea ; Echocardiography ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Heart ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hydroxyurea ; Hypereosinophilic Syndrome* ; Lung ; Nervous System ; Pleural Effusion ; Pulmonary Embolism ; Pulmonary Infarction ; Radiography ; Skin ; Thorax

To confirm the value of the peripapillary atrophy(PPA) for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with glaucoma, we performed magnification-corrected morphometry of photographs of 234 eyes of 141 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and 139 eyes of 86 normal subjects. For the data analysis, only one eye of each patient was randomly selected. Both groups did not differ significantly in age. refractive error and disc area. According to the neuroretinal rim/disc area ratio, the glaucoma group was divided into four stages(1; more than 0.61, 2; 0.60~0.41, 3; 0.40~0.21, 4; less than 0.20). PPA differentiated into two different zones(alpha and beta). Zone alpha(0.76+/-0.55mm2 vs 0.47+/-0.32mm2) and zone beta(0.50+/-0.63mm2 vs 0.06+/-0.15mm2) and the total PPA(1.26+/-0.97mm2 vs 0.54+/-0.38mm2) were significantly larger(p=0.0001), and zone beta occurred more often(59.5% vs 17.4%, P=0.0001) in the glaucoma group than in the normal group. The area, angular extent and width of both zones enlarged significantly with increasing stage of glaucoma. The frequency of zone beta increased with advancing stage of glaucoma. These findings suggest that both zone alpha and beta increase continuously with advancing neural rim damage. Therefore, the PPA is useful for the diagnosis and progression of glaucomatous nerve damage.
Atrophy* ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle* ; Humans ; Refractive Errors ; Statistics as Topic

Daily administration of glucocorticoids for 10 days to dogs resulted in a significant increase in the hepatic bile secretion in response to secretory stimulants. The response of hepatic bile in testosterone-treated animals was not changed and the response was increased in DOCA--treated animals. A significant increase of liver weight was induced by the animals receiving glucocorticoids. Other organ weight was not changed; however, a slight reduction of kidney weight was seen in prednisolone, dexamethasone, and DOCA treated animals and also in animals supplemented with cortisone following adrenalectomy. The presence of large areas of ballooning and vesicular changes of liver cells was seen in glucocorticoid treated animals, particularly in cases of dexamethasone and prednisolone. Both vesicular changes of liver cell and its glycogen content were increased by the repeated administration of prednisolone and reduced by the cessation of treatment. Special stain and liver glycogen determination demonstrated the material distending the liver cell was glycogen. These findings indicate that long term administration of glucocorticoids results in an increase of liver weight and hepatic glycogen content as well as increased bile secretion.
Animal ; Bile/secretion* ; Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism ; Bilirubin/secretion ; Cholagogues and Choleretics/pharmacology ; Dogs ; Glucocorticoids/pharmacology* ; Liver/drug effects* ; Liver/pathology ; Liver Glycogen/metabolism ; Organ Weight ; Substances: ; Bile Acids and Salts ; Cholagogues and Choleretics ; Glucocorticoids ; Liver Glycogen ; Bilirubin

Methonexate is one of the well known anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agents and exerts its action by inhibiting mitoses by inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis. Its effect on actively proliferating normal and pathologic tissues have been well documented. However, little information is available on its effect on tissue which shows no active mitoses but does have a very active metabolic process, such as the pancreas. The present study investigated the histochemical and ultrastructural changes which take place within 24 hours after a single intraperitoneal injection of methotrexate. Using a light microscope for observation, no .specific or constant alteration was noted except for a mild acinar cell dissociation 18 hours after the injection. However, electron microscopic observations showed that several organelles of pancreatic acinar cell revealed ultrastructural changes such as vesiculation and dilation of the cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum, and the appearance of autophagic vacuoles which contained cellular organelles, and showed hyperplasia and dilation of Golgi complexes. The nuclei and zymogen granules were not significantly altered. The changes of endoplasmic reticulum were ,distinctly seen from 1 hour after the injection and were most severe at 6 hours. Autophagic vacuoles appeared at 6 hours and had progressively increased in number and size 18 hours after the injection. Similar changes were also reported in experimental animals which were treated with several cytotoxic agents. According to this study, it is evident that a single administration of methotrexate within short time interval induced a series of ultrastructural alterations in several organelles of the pancreatic acinar cells. It is not clear as yet whether or not this is a specific reaction of cells to methotrexate.
Animals ; Female ; Male ; Methotrexate/*pharmacology ; Pancreas/cytology/*drug effects ; Rats