Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Male ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Sleep Arousal Disorders ; diagnosis ; physiopathology

Objective To investigate the expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR) subunits, and the effects of smoking on its expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Methods Blood was collected from 92 healthy male smokers and 36 healthy male non-smokers. Peripheral blood monocytic cells were obtained, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed to study the gene expression of 11 nAchR subunits (?2-?7, ?9, ?10, ?2-?4). Results The results showed that the PBMCs of smokers and non-smokers appeared to express ?2, ?5, ?6 and ?7 only out of 11 nAchR subunits. However, the expression of ?5 and ?7 subunits was lower in smokers′ PBMCs than in non-smokers′ (P

Objective To analyze the risk factors of intracranial infection after neurosurgery and the effect of vancomycin.Methods 28 cases of craniotomy in this study, The First Hospital of Ningbo City from January 2011 to July 2014 during the years after the occurrence of intracranial infection patients as the research object, a retrospective analysis of the age, gender, emergency, basic diseases, mastoid airroom, ventricle drainage, posterior fossa surgery, reoperation and operation time (more than 4h).The clinical data, summarize the risk factors of postoperative intracranial infection in department of neurosurgery and to observe the clinical effect of vancomycin in the treatment of such patients.Result The high risk factors of intracranial infection include: Open mastoid gas room during operation, ireoperation, ventricular drainage and operative time (more than 4h).In 28 cases with intracranial infection after craniotomy, the total effective rate of vancomycin treatment was 100.00%.Conclusion The high risk factors of intracranial infection after operation include open surgery, mastoid room, reoperation, ventricular drainage and longer operation time.Vancomycin is an effective drug in the treatment of intracranial infection in the department of neurosurgery.

Objective To discuss the neuropsychological mechanism of executive control for methadone maintenance patients(MMP).Methods Using the event-related potentials (ERPs) technique to reveal the time course of information processes with high temporal resolution,and exam the function of attention monitoring and response inhibition in heroin-dependent MMP.Results (l) The behavioral results: there were significant withinsubjects Stroop interference effects for the MMP and control groups (reaction time:control group' s congruent condition(766.57±75.64) ms,incongruent condition(879.52±62.31) ms,MMP group' s congruent condition (821.89±64.44) ms,incongruent condition (906.29 ± 69.46) ms,P＜ 0.001 ; error rate: control group' s congruent condition (4.15± 2.92) ％,incongruent condition (8.70 ± 6.12) ％,P＜ 0.001,MMP group' s congruent condition (12.07 ±10.80) ％,incongruent condition (16.60±12.43)％,P＜0.01).(2)ERPs data showed that MMP demonstrated significantly smaller incongruent-N2/N450/SP amplitudes than controls,and all disappearing incongruent effects in N2,N450 and SP,comparing statistically significant incongruent effects for controls in N2,N450 and SP.In MMP group,the amplitudes of N2 and N450 incongruent condition (N2 (1.40± 2.91) μV、N450 (1.29 ± 0.55) μV) were bigger than congruent condition amplitudes(N2(0.77±3.61) μV 、N450(0.83± 1.07) μV,P＜0.05),but the amplitude of SP (0.37±3.58)μV was smaller than congruent condition(1.53±3.05) μV,P＜0.001 ;in control group,the amplitudes of N2 and N450 incongruent condition((-0.30±3.45) μV,N450(1.77± 1.55)tμV) were smaller than congruent condition (N2(1.10±3.64) μV,P＜0.001； N450(2.37±2.12) μV,P＜0.05),the amplitude of SP ((1.93±1.65) μV) was bigger than congruent condition((0.98±2.02)μV,P＜0.01).Conclusion There are impaired executive control functions during the conflict monitoring process and the conflict resolution process for MMP.These results provide the neural electrophysiological evidence to explain relapse behaviors in methadone maintenance patients.

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of methazolamide in treating refractory uveitic macular edema.METHODS: Retrospective self-controlled study was designed.A total of 15 patients (20 eyes) with refractory uveitic macular edema which used methazolamide as adjuvant therapy were enrolled in Shanghai First People`s Hospital from January 2015 to June 2016.The changes of central macular thickness (CMT) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were observed at baseline and 2, 4, 8wk after treatment.We also focused on the incidence of complications and relapse.RESULTS: The CMT was 445.95±154.10μm, 338.83±138.34μm, 251.50±40.20μm, 244.90±35.68μm at baseline, 2, 4 and 8wk after treatment, respectively.The differences among them were statistically significant (F=15.467, P<0.05).The BCVA (log MAR) were 0.40±0.17, 0.28±0.21, 0.19±0.20, 0.18±0.21 at baseline, 2, 4 and 8wk respectively, with a significant difference among them (F=5.208, P<0.05).When the cumulative dose reached to 700mg and 1400mg, no one had methazolamide-related complications;and when it came to 2800mg, 5 patients (33%) had methazolamide-related complication.After the withdrawal of methazolamide 1wk, 1 and 3mo, 3 patients (20%), 5 patients (33%) and 8 patients (53%) relapsed, respectively.CONCLUSION: Methazolamide is beneficial in improving macular edema and vision in 4wk.When the cumulative dose is more than 1400mg, we need pay attention to the complications.After discontinuing methazolamide for 1wk, macular edema relapsed in some patients, and more than half of patients recurred after 3mo.So the patients should be followed closely in 3mo after withdrawal of methazolamide.

Objective: To determine the optimal manipulation parameters in Liu's back tuina therapy for remission-stage cough variant asthma (CVA) in kids. Methods: A 5-factor 3-level L18(37) orthogonal design was adopted. The experimental factors and levels were selected: A, the number of times of Rou-kneading Feishu (BL 13); B, the frequency of Rou-kneading Feishu (BL 13); C, the number of times of Tui-pushing in a '介'-like pattern; D, the frequency of Tui-pushing in a '介'-like pattern; E, the intensity of red color after Ca-scrubbing Feishu (BL 13) with salt. A1, A2 and A3 stood for 10 times, 20 times and 30 times, respectively; B1, B2 and B3 stood for 200 times/min, 240 times/min and 280 times/min, respectively; C1, C2 and C3 stood for 50 times, 75 times and 100 times, respectively; D1, D2 and D3 stood for 150 times/min, 175 times/min and 200 times/min, respectively; E1, E2 and E3 stood for pinkish, bright red and dark red, respectively. A total of 108 kids with CVA in remission stage were divided into 18 groups using the random number table method, with 6 cases in each group. Changes in the cough score and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) level were observed after 15-day treatment. Results: The cough score and FENO level changed significantly in every group after treatment (all P<0.01). By the effect in improving cough score, the factors were listed as D, B, A, C and E in descending order; the most optimal manipulation parameter combination was group 17 (A3B2C1D3E1); the second optimal parameter combinations were group 7 (A3B1C2D1E3), group 13 (A2B1C2D3E1) and group 14 (A2B2C3D1E2). Regarding the effect in down-regulating the level of FENO, the factors were listed as C, A, E, B and D in descending order; the most optimal manipulation parameter combination was group 13 (A2B1C2D3E1); the second optimal parameter combinations were group 18 (A3B3C2D1E2), group 16 (A3B1C3D2E3) and group 14 (A2B2C3D1E2).Conclusion: Two most effective manipulation parameter combinations were selected out of 18 different parameter combinations in Liu's back tuina therapy for remission-stage CVA in kids. Doctors can choose an appropriate manipulation based on the symptom features of the disease.

This paper reports a new type of thighbone and cervical bone fraction internal fixing aim di- rector,it has the advantage of entering pin accuratly,simple operating,short time for x-ray irradiating, little suffering to the patient and being economic.

Patrolling monocyte (PMo) is a subset of monocytes.Its main function is patrolling vascular endothelium and removing cellular debris from the microvasculature.Studies have revealed that PMo can inhibit the growth of tumor cells,recruiting NK cells to kill tumor cells.PMo can prevent tumor cells metastasis to the lung,which plays a role of immunosurveillance.PMo may be a target for cancer immunotherapy.

Based on the analysis of current condition of local medical schools and medi-cal talents demand at the grassroots level,this paper indicates that,taking students’personality development as a breakthrough point,with practice platform construction as main part,supple-mented by multi-knowledge hierarchy and scientific and cultural exposure,backed by workable policy.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of a novel computer-assisted navigation technique for intraoperative correction of femoral rotation deformity in diaphyseal fractures.Methods From November 2015 to November 2016,a navigation system (BrainLAB,Germany) was used in antegrade intramedullary nailing for 13 patients with femoral shaft fracture to intraoperatively restore the normal length and rotation of the fractured femur.They were 11 men and 2 women,with an average age of 38.2 years.The iujury affected the left side in 5 cases and the right side in 8.According to the Winquist Classification,there were 6 cases of type Ⅰ,3 ones of type Ⅱ,3 ones of type m,and one of type Ⅳ.This navigation system allowed the surgeons to detect and set the femoral anteversion (FAV) and length of the injured leg at the desired angle and length of the healthy contralateral femur,precisely matching the contralateral limb and restoring the normal length and rotation of the fractured femur.All the patients underwent postoperative CT scan of bilateral femora for measurement of the lengths and rotations which were conpared with the intraoperative values obtained with the navigation system.Results Additional operative time required for computerized navigation averaged 42.8 min (from 35 to 55 min).The mean length difference between the treated and untreated femora was 4.2 nnn (from 2 to 9 mm).The FAVs obtained from intraoperative navigation and postoperative CT scan were 34.0° ± 8.4° and 33.5° ± 8.3° in the healthy side and 31.2° ± 8.5° and 32.8° ± 9.0° in the injured side,showing no significant differences either between the 2 sides or between intraoperation and postoperation (P ＞ 0.05).The mean rotational difference between the 2 extremities were 4.8° ± 1.6° for the navigation and 3.8° ± 1.9° for the CT scan,showing an insignificant difference (P ＞ 0.05).All the incisions healed well with no intraoperative or postoperative complications.Conclusions This novel navigation technique may serve as a reliable tool to accurately correct the rotational malalignment of femoral shaft fractures intraoperatively,but care should be taken in every step of the navigation procedure to reduce complications.