The contentofthe pharmacology is huge and full of variety of drugs,therefore,easy to confuse,besides,it's difficult to understand the abstract mechanism.This article describes the pharmacology teaching methods such as disease example,comparison,practice and so on.These methods stimulate students'interest in studying and learning initiative as well as train students'abilities to discover,analyze and solce problems,and at last have achieved good teaching effects.

Objective This study was designed to investigate the correlation between the apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)value and pathological change of the non-injured side brain tissue of traumatic brain injury(TBI)of rat.Methods Sixty healthy adult Wist-ar rats were randomly divided into two groups:the control or TBI groups.The TBI group was divided into five sub-groups according to the different time intervals:1,3,6,12,24 h(n = 10).The animal brain of each group was scanned with MR-DWI,and the ADC value of damaged areas and contralateral non-damaged areas were measured.After that the brains were taken out at different time points after TBI.The cerebral edema and blood-brain barrier(BBB)changes in structure were examined with an optical micros-copy and transmission electron microscopy,and the IgG content in the same tissues were determined by means of immunohistochem-istry.The data was analyzed with SPSS 13.0 statistical software.Results There was no signal abnormality on MR-DWI and tissue structure in control group,and the IgG stain was negative.In the contralateral non-damaged areas of TBI group,pathological obser-vation revealed no variation at 1 h after TBI,and the IgG stain was also negative.Cellular edema was shown at 3 h and the IgG stain was slight positive.The cellular edema aggravated with time and angioedema appeared at 6 h.IgG stain was shown significantly posi-tive.At 12~24 h,cellular edema kept increasing more severe,however angioedema had a trend to mitigated along with time,IgG stain became slight and the proliferation of glial cells could observed.Compared with control group,the ADC values of the contralat-eral non-damaged areas in each group showed no significant difference (P >0.05).However,in the damaged areas of each group, angioedema appeared at 1 h and gradually aggravated,cellular edema occurred at 3 h,Both of them were aggravated with time. ADC values increased at 1 h,and then decreased until 6 h,then followed a climbing up to 24 h,showed as a “V”-shaped.Con-clusion When contused on one side brain,the contralateral non-inj ured side tissue also has pathological changes that occurs later than those on the inj ured side.Cellular edema of the tissues ap-peares first and is followed by angioedema,which lessens over time..There is no significant difference of ADC values between con-tralateral side of TBI groups and control group(P >0.05),which reveals a “pseudo-normal”phenomenon.

PTEN(Phosphatase and Tensin Homology deleted from Chromosome ten),a putative antioncogene,encodes a PTEN protein that has a dual specificity phosphatase activity with both protein phosphatase and lipid phosphatase,which regulates a variety of molecules through inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.Recently,some scholars dedicate to the modulation of PTEN,which demonstrates that PTEN can be regulated by multiple factors at the level of gene and protein.This review briefly summarizes up-to-date information about the modulation of PTEN and its mechanisms.

Patent competition has become one of the key issues of global competitions in economy,science and technology. In hospitals, the patent management strategy provides guidance for and impels knowledge innovation. However, hospital management is quite weak in China, which may have been caused by various reasons, such as the over enthusiasm for published paper and the technological achievement contrasted with negligence in patent application and exploitation. In the paper, countermeasures are proposed,which include the whole process management during the scientific research, setting up detail targets and standard procedures for patent management, training patent management staff, et al.

The management of hospital medical periodicals is now facing many realistic problems such as management system of editorial department, ability of editorial team, quality of articles and outside living environment. Co-publishing periodicals with pharmaceutical enterprises, with foreign publications and innovating publishing model of periodicals have been adopted by some domestic hospitals. By studying cases of periodical management innovation, and summing up the latest domestic point of view on medical periodical management, this paper held the view that the hospital medical periodicals management should be grouped into the framework of hospital scientific research management. Basically, the hospital should focus on solving the problem of management system in priority;developing in a way of specialization, collectivization and brand-orientation;establishing of a high-level editorial team;strengthening international communication and publishing periodicals according to international rules.

Objective To investigate midwives' role cognition and their working experience.Methods It was a qualitative study using the phenomenological method.10 midwives were interviewed and all the data were analyzed using the categorization method.Results Three main categories were identified:diversified midwife roles; capacities and qualities required to fulfill midwifery roles; positive and negative experiences coexisted.Conclusions Managers should develop humanized management approaches to facilitate the fulfillment of midwives' roles and improve their working experience.The research also revealed the need to improve Chinese midwifery education and the midwifery regulation systems.

Mild cognitive impairment(MCI)refers to cognitive regression which goes beyond one'S age and education level,but does not influence the activities of daily living.More than half patients with MCI will develop dementia within five years.Therefore,MCI is considered as a risk status of dementia.Early diagnosis of MCI prevents against patients developing dementia. Voxel-based morphometry(VBM)technique quantitatively calculates the size of global and local gray matter voxel and signal intensity.It is a full automatic analysis technique of objective brain morphology.This article reviews the application of VBM technique in patient with MCI.

Objective To assess the ability of the new software SonoAVC to measure follicular volume and to compare these volume calculations with those made by conventional methods. Methods Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging was used to acquire volumetric data from the ovaries of 50 women undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation as part of in-vitro fertilization treatment. SonoAVC was used to automatically measure the volume of follicles and virtual organ computer-aided analysis(VOCAL) was also applied to measure volume, which was used as the standard of volume measurement. And the three perpendicular diameters (xyz diameters) of follicles were manually measured by conventional two-dimensional(2D) ultrasound, which were used to estimate volume using the sphere formula. And the validity of each technique was compared using limits of agreement. Results One hundred and seventy-six follicles were studied. SonoAVC and VOCAL provided highly accurate and repeatable follicular volume measurements in all cases. Volumes estimated from manually derived follicular diameter measurements were less accurate and repeatable. VOCAL took more time in follicular volume of measurement than SonoAVC and conventional 2D displays. Conclusions SonoAVC provides highly accurate, repeatable,and efficient measurements of follicular volume.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of plastic surgery of double-palpebra with reposition of lacrimal gland for blepharochalasis.Methods We operated on 10 cases (20 eyes) with dermatolysis palpebrarum which stopped attack and was static for more than one year.A double eyelid fold incision was made.Then redundant skin and sphincter palpebrarum as well as protrusion of intraorbital fat were removed.In the operation of dislocation of lacrmial gland we sewed up lacrmial gland in full thickness and fixed it to the periosteum of lacrmial fossa,and the levator muscle of upper eye lid aponeurosis prothesis or plication was choosed when the levator muscle of upper eye lid aponeurosis was broken or not.And for the shorted transverse diameter of coloboma of eye lid we sewed up the external palpebral ligament and fixed it to the periosteum of lateral orbital margin.Results All the 10 patients got satisfactory therapeutic effect,the cutis laxa had been amended obviously,the good upper double eyelid shape could be achieved,the reposition of lacrimal gland was finished,lapsus palpebrae superioris and shorted transverse diameter of coloboma of eye lid had been rectified satisfactorily.All cases we followed up for three monthes to one year,and dislocation of lacrmial gland had been amended in one case,others had been reposited well,without recurrence.Conclusions Blepharochalasis can be effectively treated by surgery,and it is convenient and effective to treat dislocation of lacrimal gland and blepharochalasis through a double eyelid fold incision.This multiple surgical treatment is not only a curative operation but also a cosmetic surgery.

Objective To investigate the pathological changes of brain tissues from contused and contralateral non-contused sides and their significance.Methods A total of 100 healthy adult Wistar rats were assigned to brain contusion group and sham operation group according to the random number table.Ten rats in each group were sacrificed at 1,3,6,12,and 24 hours respectively.Brain samples were collected to perform pathophysiological analysis of brain tissues and test blood brain barrier (BBB)permeability by semiquantitative immunohistochemical staining of IgG.Results There was no damage to the bilateral brain tissues in sham operation group and IgG stain was negative.In brain contusion group,angioedema characterized by the breakdown of BBB was seen in the contused side at 1 hour followed by cellular edema at 3 hours,with aggravation of both over time.Moreover,tissue necrosis,inflammatory cell infiltration,and microglia proliferation emerged at 12 hours.Besides,IgG-positive staining was seen at 1 hour,was strongest at 6 hours,and remained a high level at 24 hours.With respect to the non-injured side in brain contusion group,no pathological abnormalities and negatively stained IgG were observed at 1 hour; cellular edema and weakly positive-stained IgG were found at 3 hours; aggravated cellular edema,emergence of angioedema,and IgG strongly positive staining were noted at 6 hours;cellular edema continued aggravation,but angioedema tended to be attenuated,IgG staining weakened,and microglia proliferation were observed at 12-24 hours.Conclusion Pathological changes of brain tissues from the contused and contralateral non-contused sides are differed,which provides a basis in determining treatment choices.