BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We investigated if a combination of plasma or salivary interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), and troponin can improve estimation of the pretest probability of the left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eighty patients with newly-diagnosed myocardial infarction (MI) were echocardiographically examined for LVSD (ejection fraction < or =40%). Measurements included traditional MI risk factors, plasma and salivary concentrations of troponin, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta. With the LVSD as the outcome variable, we developed logistic regression models, starting with a basic model incorporating traditional risk factors and consecutively adding salivary and plasma biomarkers. Models were compared using several criteria, including (but not limited to) C statistic (discrimination) and net reclassification improvement index (NRI). RESULTS: Apart from troponin, plasma, and salivary values of the biomarkers were correlated: spearman's rho was 0.19 (p=0.088) for troponin, 0.36 (p=0.001) for IL-2, 0.74 (p<0.001) for IL-6, 0.61 (p<0.001) for TNF-alpha, and 0.65 (p<0.001) for TGF-beta. The predictive performances of the basic model for estimating the pretest probability of the presence of LVSD considerably improved when cytokines were added (salivary added: C-statistic from 0.77 to 0.82 and NRI 77%; plasma added: C-statistic to 0.80 and NRI 134%). CONCLUSION: Multiple biomarkers added diagnostic value to the standard risk factors for predicting the presence of post-MI LVSD.
Biomarkers ; Cytokines ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 ; Interleukin-6 ; Interleukins ; Logistic Models ; Myocardial Infarction ; Plasma ; Risk Factors ; Saliva ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Troponin ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left