A clinical study including physical examination, electromyographic and roentgenological studies of the 2. Taekwondoists hands who mainly practiced the object-breaking maneuver with a hand who were cared at the department of orthopedic surgery, Hanyang University Hospital from November 1, 1981 to January 31, 1982, The results of the survey were as follows. 1. The average age of the athletes was 26.7 years, the average Taekwondo-practicing career was 9.7 years, the average object breaking career was 6.4 years, and the startmg age of breaking was 20.1 years in average. 2. The main parts of the hand for the breaking were Joomeok(fist) and Sonnal (ulnar edge of the palm; hand knife). 3. Bricks and tiles were commonly used as materials for breaking. Seventeen(74%) athletes could break 1 to 2 layers brick blocks, and twenty(87%) could break the 10 to 15 layers roof-tile blocks. 4. Twelve (52.1%) athletes got injuries during breaking practice. The most common injury was metacarpal fracture (7/14, 58.5%), dislocation (2/14, 16.7'lo), subluxation, sprain, and contusion (1 each/14, 8.3%) were less frequent. 5. The thickness of the knuckle pad varied from 2 to 3.9mm in 16/23 (69.5%). The average grasping power of the athletes was 97.6 1bs, and it was stronger than normal person by 9.3 lbs. 6. The electromyographic study showed no isgnificant difference in nerve conduction velocity between the af- fected and unaffected hands, which was within the normal range. It was found that the muscle primarily used was flexor digitorum profundus. 7. In the roentgenological study, the length of the second metacarpal on the affected side was the same or 0 tc 2mm shorter than the unaffected side, and when the athlete was in the growth period, the metacarpal short ness was more marked. 8. Roentgenologically no hypertrophy of the metacarpal and phalangeal bones noted.
Athletes ; Clinical Study ; Contusions ; Dislocations ; Hand Strength ; Hand ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Neural Conduction ; Orthopedics ; Physical Examination ; Reference Values ; Sprains and Strains

No abstract available.

Nitric oxide ( NO ) is now recognized as a mediator of several biological and immunological functions, but unlike classical neurotransmitters, NO simply diffuse of the postsynaptic cell and around affecting cells. Human chorionic gonadotropin ( hCG ), produced by placental trophoblasts may act as stimulator on NO synthesis in oocytes of mouse's ovary. How-ever, in the various organs or cells, the action of hCG on NO synthesis is unknown. We have examined that the effect of hCG on NO synthesis in microglial cells of murine's brain, using the Griess method. And this study was evident that hCG did not induce NO produc-tion without recombinant interferon gamma ( rIFN-gamma), whereas hCG ( 10~500 IU/ml ) with rIFN-gamma effectively produced NO in microglial cells of brain. As result, NO production in microglial cells increased most significantly in dose of 100 IU/ml of the hCG and the pro-duction of NO was dependent on the dose of hCG ( Table 1 and Fig. 1 ). And N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine ( N(G)MMA ), competitive inhibitor of NO synthase, reduced the NO production by hCG stimulation with rIFN-gamma in microglial cells of murine. Conclusively, this study sugge-sted that hCG stimulate NO production at microglial cells in brain, which may be an important factor for mediating immune and neuroendocrinologic regulation in nervous system.
Brain ; Chorionic Gonadotropin* ; Female ; Humans* ; Interferons ; Negotiating ; Nervous System ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Nitric Oxide* ; Oocytes ; Ovary ; Trophoblasts

The congenital dislocation of the hip is one of the most common congenital disease in the field of the orthopedic surgery. For the normal development of the acetabulum and femoral head, the displaced femoral head shouid be replaced in the acetabular socket as early as possible. In most cases treated in proper time, closed reduction is successful. If not, operative correction will almost always be necessary due to abnormal changes of the acetabulum and femoral head. We experienced 33 cases in 32 patients of the congenital dislocation of the hip at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery of Hanyang University Hospital from May, 1972 to December, 1980. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The most common aged group at the first visit was ranged from 12 months to 24 months and the preponderance of girl to boy was 3.6:1. 2. The ratio of left to right side was 1.6:1. 3. In delivery history, there were 3 cases of breech presentation, 1 case of Cesarean section and 1 case of prematurity. The associated congenital anomaly was observed in a case of which combined internal tibial torsion and talipes metatarsus varus deformity. 4. In 33 cases in 32 patients, 22 cases were treated conservatively and 11 cases were treated surgically. The results of treatment were excellent in 21 cases, good in 11 cases and fair in 11 case. We experienced 4 cases of neglected congenital dislocation of the hip in the period of late childhood, 3 cases were treated with Chiari osteotomy and the other 1 case was treated with Colonna capsular arthroplasty. The overall results were excellent.
Acetabulum ; Arthroplasty ; Breech Presentation ; Cesarean Section ; Clinical Study ; Clubfoot ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Dislocations ; Female ; Head ; Hip ; Humans ; Male ; Metatarsus ; Orthopedics ; Osteotomy ; Pregnancy

No abstract available.
Animals ; Atrophy* ; Electric Stimulation* ; Muscle, Skeletal* ; Rats* ; Sciatic Nerve*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Osteosarcoma*

BACKGROUND: Endocrine pancreas tumor is a rare disease which incidence is less than 2% of all pancreatic tumors. But it comprises various types of tumor and usually secretes several hormones from one type of tumor although the patient with this tumor complains of sole symptom associated with only one hormone. The mechanism and clinical significance of multiple hormone secretion in the endocrine pancreas tumom are not yet clearly defined. METHODS: We analyzed retrospectively the clinicopathologic features of 20 cases which were operated at Seoul National University Hospital during the period between February 1989 and May 1998. RESULTS: The most common tumor was insulinoma (13 cases) and the second most common tumor was nonfunctioning tumor (6 cases). There was one case of somatostatinoma. Most of the patients with insulinoma complained of neuroglycopenic symptoms. There were 9 cases (45.0%) in which the tumors secreted more than two kinds of hormones, 7 cases in insulinoma, 2 cases in nonfunctioning tumors. Whether the tumor secreted multiple hormones was detected by the method of immunohistochemical staining. Though the tumors secreted more than two kinds of hormones, the patients with the tumors complained of symptoms which were associated with the cell type most strongly stained by immunohistochemical method. Whether or not the tumors secreted multiple hormones was not associated with the pathologic features such as tumor size, histologic patterns of the tumor, status of tumor cell differentiation and malignancy. CONCLUSION: From this results, we suggest that endocrine tumors of the pancreas secreted multiple hormones not by the mechanism of dedifferentiation from already differentiated endocrine cells but by the mechanism of neogenesis of multipotent islet stem cells. Since the relationship between the function of multiple hormone secretion in the endocrine pancreas tumors and islet stem cell would be significant, further study should be needed to find out the function of stem cells and application of stem cells to clinical use.
Cell Differentiation ; Endocrine Cells ; Humans ; Incidence ; Insulinoma ; Islets of Langerhans ; Pancreas* ; Rare Diseases ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Somatostatinoma ; Stem Cells

Synovial sarcoma is an uncommon, malignant tumor which originates from the synovial lining of the joints, bursae and tendon sheaths. But it rarely occurs from bones. We have experienced a synovial sarcoma of the left ulna. Microscopically cleft spaces lined by epithelioid cells and bundle formation by spindle spaped cells were seen. Above elbow amputation of the left arm was done.
Amputation ; Arm ; Elbow ; Epithelioid Cells ; Joints ; Sarcoma, Synovial ; Tendons ; Ulna

History taking, physical examination and x-ray study of both elbows were made on 55 senior high school, college and vocational baseball pitchers who visited the Department of Orthopedic Surgery of Hanyang University Hospital from March 1, 1980 to April 30, 1980. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Average age of 13 high school pitchers was 17.2 years, of 20 college pitchers was 20.1 years, and of 22 vocational pitchers was 23.4 years and average duration of pitching of high school pitchers was 3.8 years, college pitchers was 7.4 years, and vocational pitchers was 9.8 years. 2. Overhand type pitchers were 39(70.9%) and it was the most common pitching style. 3. 45(81.8%) complained elbow pain and the order of frequency was medial, lateral, and posterior. 4. 45(81.8%) showed hpertrophy of forearm and 38(69.1%) showed hypertrophy of arm. 5. Valgus deformity of the elbow joint was observed In 34(61.8%) and flexion contracture of the elbow joint was in 41 (74.5%). 6. Changes on x-ray were ossicle, traction spur, humeroulnar hypertrophy, narrowing of joint space, calciflcation of soft tissue and others. 7. Changes on x-ray were in proportion to duration of pitching and especially combined Iesions were observed more often ln overhand type pitchers.
Arm ; Baseball ; Clinical Study ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Contracture ; Elbow Joint ; Elbow ; Forearm ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Joints ; Orthopedics ; Physical Examination ; Traction

In paediatric orthopaedic, it has been discovered that the fracture of the epiphyseal plate may cause not only growth disturbances but also progressive deformity upon appendicular skeleton of a growing child. Between 1972 May and 1983 April, 102 inward patients(106 cases) who were 18 years old or younger were treated in the department of orthopaedic surgery of Hanyang University Hospital because of epiphyseal plate fractures. The results were summerized as followings: 1. The peak age was from 5 years to 14 years(average, 10.2 years old). 2. The sex ratio was 4.3 for male to 1 for female. 3. The left side was involved more frequently than the right extremity. 4. The most common cause of fractures was injury on fall down(in 41.4% of all cases). 5. The incidence of epiphyseal fracture was 8.1% of fracture in children. 6. The most common fracture was developed at humeral epiphysis. 7. The most common type of epiphyseal fracture was Salter and Harris type IV. 8. The 50.5% of all cases was treated by closed reduction and cast immobilization, 48.1% by open reduction and internal fixation, and 1.9% by closed reduction and traction. 9. The average period of immobilization was 5.2 weeks. 10. The incidence of complication of all cases was 13.2%, but only 2 cases of them(1.9%) were needed for operation because of their complication.
Child ; Clinical Study ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Epiphyses ; Extremities ; Female ; Growth Plate ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Incidence ; Male ; Sex Ratio ; Skeleton ; Traction