A survey was conducted on 72 burn in patients treated at the National Institute of Burn from Nov.2002 to April 2003 to investigate the factors involved in burn and to assess the use of transfution solutions and antibiotics. Results showed the most common group of burn adult patient was at the age of 19-35, higher in male group than in female. The most common causing factor was dry-thermal cause. In 32% of cases the damage body superficy lower 10%. 10-19% of cases had the highest rate of 43,1%, and in 58,3% of cases the damage was shallow
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Therapeutics ; Burns

Setting: Although rifampicin is an essential anti-tuberculosis drugs, but there is variable inter-individual on plasma rifampicin concentration. In addition, poor bioavailability is concern problem when using fixed-dose combination drugs in treatment of tuberculosis. Objective: To investigate possible variations in plasma rifampicin concentration in tuberculosis patients using fixed dose combination drugs in National Tuberculosis Programme. Design: 2-hour plasma rifampicin concentration was measured by HPLC method among 50 smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Results: Plasma rifampicin concentrations were generally low: 86% of patients had 2-hour plasma rifampicin concentration below 80g/ml, and 40% of patients had plasma concentration below 40g/ml. Although treatment at the same dose levels, there is high variable between individual patients in plasma rifampicin concentration. Rifampicin concentration was higher in female,> 60 years old, < 40 kg body weight. There is no difference in mean plasma concentration between new tuberculosis patients and re-treatment tuberculosis patients groups. Conclusion: The unexpected low plasma concentration of rifampicin in this setting are most likely due to poor bioavailability in fixed dose combination drugs. A study on bioavailability of rifampicin from fixed dose combination using in National Tuberculosis Programme is necessary.
Rifampin ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Plasma

Theophylline tablets with release action (Theo KD) was tested in dosage 100mg x 2 tablets a time each 12 hours for asthma patients, and was compared to 100mg THEOSTAT tablet with release action of Laboratoiries INAVA (France). Results: Theo KD was suitable in the treatment of 2 0r 3 degree asthma. ADRs were minor and temporary. No one stopped treatment due to ADRs
Theophylline ; Tablets ; Chemistry

On burn adult patients treated at the National Institute of Burn, the use of transfusion solutions on 40 patients showed that Ringer lactate and 5% glucose solution were the most common in all treatments for rehydratation and ion supplement. On 72 subjects antibiotics was used only monotherapy. The antibiotics were changed usually, in special cases there were 3 changing times
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Therapeutics ; Burns

Parasitological and knowledge – attitude – practice (KAP) surveys were carried out in 200 schoolchildren of Tran Phu primary school, Tam Diep town, Ninh Binh province and 200 their parents in 1999-2000. Information, education and communication (IEC) campaign for control program of helminth diseases and regular deworming every 6 months with albendazole 400mg single dose for all primary school children were implemented. After 1 year, prevalence of infection of Ascaris and Trichuris were reduced by more 50%, intensity of infection of Ascaris, Trichuris and hookworm were reduced by 86.9%, 84%, 100%, respectively. KAP of school children and their parents was changed significantly. Model of soil-transmitted helminthiasis control based on school has effectiveness, practice and extended application
Helminthiasis ; Child ; Disease ; Soil

Background: Down syndrome is a developmental disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, is a condition in which extra genetic material causes delays in the way a child develops, both mentally and physically. It affects about 1 in every 700 babies. The fetus having high risk for Down syndrome (OS) can be detected early by ultrasound. Objectives: The aim of the study is to find out some ultrasound markers that relate to OS fetus. Subjects and method: A descriptive study was carried out on 612 pregnant women with fetus \ufffd?12 weeks by ultrasound to detect abnormal markers in fetus. The fetus were diagnosed Down syndrome by analysis chromosome from amniocyte and monitor up to the neonate. Then, finding out association between OS fetus and ultrasound markers. Results: Among 612 pregnant women,36/12 pregnant women had abnormal imaging in fetus, 11/12 pregnant women had OS fetus. There were 12 pregnant women detected OS fetus. 6/12 OS fetus associated with the maker of nuchal skin fold (cut off 2: 3mm at the first trimester and 2: 6 mm at the second trimester): Detection rate (DR) was 50%; false positive rate (FOR): 0,83%. 3/12 OS fetus associated with the marker of duodenal atresia. DR was 25%; FOR: 0%. Conclusions: The two common markers associated with OS fetus: \r\n', u'the first marker was nuchal skin fold (with cut off 2: 3mm at the first trimester and > 6 mm at the second trimester) and the second marker was duodenal atresia. \r\n', u' \r\n', u'
Down Syndrome ; Fetus/ anatomy & ; histology ; abnormalities ; physiopathology ; ultrasonography

Background:\r\n', u'There are two virus known as Nam Dinh Virus, and Colti group B be found in Viet Nam. These viruses have appeared in the South, the Middle and the Highland. They haven\u2019t been reported in the Southern provinces and Can Thoas well. \r\n', u'Objectives: \r\n', u'To identify the circulation of Nam Dinh virus strain, and coltivirus group B strain in Can Tho, Southern Viet Nam, and their existence in nature.\r\n', u'Subjects and method: \r\n', u'Thirty-four mosquito samples (7, 453 individual mosquitoes) from Culex quinque faciatus and Culex pseudovishnui were collected in Can Tho provice, southern Vietnam 2005.\r\n', u'Isolatingviruses on Aedes albopictuc clone C6/36, Vero cells, and using PT- PCR and ELISA Sandwich for identification. \r\n', u'Results:\r\n', u'2 Nam Dinh virus strains, 2 coltivirus group B strains and 1 flavivirus strain (insect flavivirus) were isolated from Culex quinque faciatus, and no virus was isolated from Culex pseudovishnui.\r\n', u'Conclusion: \r\n', u'The identification of the transmission of Nam dinh Virus, and coltivirus group B in Can Tho province by isolating virus from Culex quinque faciatus has shown the evidence for natural vertical transmission of these viruses.\r\n', u'
Viruses ; Coltivirus ; Flavivirus ; Arboviruses ; Culex ;

Background: Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is common in the plains and mountainous areas in Asia \u2013 Pacific. Japanese encephalitis vaccine shows effectiveness in protecting children from JE in some countries such as Japan and Korea. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) vaccination in Thai Binh province during 2003-2007. Subject and Method: Prospective, retrospective and sero-epidemiological methods were carried out on 329 samples collected from viral encephalitis patients and tested by JE MAC-ELISA, the positive average was 41.6% (137/329). Result: It had dramatically dropped from 85.2% in 2003 to 8.5 % in 2007 related to the rate of JE vaccination for children from 1 to 5 years old increasing from 49 % in 2003 to 77 % in 2007. Most of JE confirmed cases were un-vaccinated. Conclusion: JE etiology cause viral encephalitis in children in Thai Binh province was reduced thanks to JE vaccination in EPI program for 1 to 5 year old children. But more than 96% (131/136) of viral encephalitis in 15 years old upward was unknown etiology, the need for further study of the etiology cause viral encephalitis in adults.
Japanese encephalitis ; virus encephalitis ; MAC-ELISA ; Vaccine

Introduction: Antiviral resistance has been reported in seasonal influenza A viruses and avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses in Viet Nam, raising concerns about the efficacy of treatment. Methods: We analysed specimens from two sources during the period 2009–2012: influenza-positive samples from influenza-like illness patients at sentinel clinics in northern Viet Nam and isolates from patients with confirmed A(H5N1) infections. Pyrosequencing was used to detect mutations: H275Y [for A(H1N1) and A(H5N1)], E119V [for A(H3N2)] and I117V [for A(H5N1)]. A neuraminidase inhibition assay was used to determine the Inhibitory Concentration 50 (IC50) values for all influenza A and B isolates. Results: There were 341 influenza A positive samples identified; influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was identified most frequently (n = 215). In 2009, oseltamivir resistance was observed in 100% (19 of 19) of seasonal A(H1N1) isolates and 1.4% (3/215) of A(H1N1)pdm09 isolates. This H275Y mutation was not found in influenza subtypes A(H5N1) or A(H3N2) isolates. Discussion: In Viet Nam, seasonal and A(H5N1) influenza vaccines are not currently available; thus, effective treatment is required. The presence of oseltamivir-resistant viruses is therefore a concern. Active surveillance for oseltamivir resistance among influenza viruses circulating in Viet Nam should be continued.

Background: Recently, microplate almar blue assay has been used commonly in detecting gen related to tuberculosis drug resistance, which provides results after 5-7 days with lower cost compared to traditional methods. Objective: To evaluate the application of microplate almar blue assay for rapid detection of drug resistance of M. tuberculosis strains. Subject and Method: A microplate-based assay which uses Alamar blue reagent - an oxidation reduction dye (MABA), was used for the determination of the anti-tuberculosis drug (isoniazid-INH, rifampicine-RIF, streptomycine-STR and ethabuton=EMB) resistance of 96 M. tuberculosis strains isolated from Vietnamese patients in comparison to those obtained by conversional method. Result: MABA showed to have high sensitivity and specificity in testing the sensitivity to individual anti-tuberculosis drugs (from 82.4% for STR to 93.3% for - INH and from 82.5% for EMB to 98.4% for STR; respectively), as well as for the multi-drug resistant M.tuberculosis (86.4% of sensitivity), highly correlated with the result determined by proportion method. Conclusion: MABA reveals the advantage in shortening test time, in simple performance and lower cost compared with the conversional culture based methods.
Microplate almar blue assay ; M. tuberculosis ; drug resistance