A study on 13 communes of 8 districts in B¾c Giang province and results of epidemiological investigation of goiter at 12 communes has shown that the level of iodine and calcium in the soil can be used to forcast the local goiter in B¾c Giang province. The simple, rapid and inexpensive to contribute to prevent, control and eliminate the local goiter in B¾c Giang province.
Goiter ; Case Reports [Publication Type]

Background: The inclinations and movements of teeth after premature loss of second primary molar cause narrowing in the space of second permanent premolar. Objectives: (1) To evaluate the degree of space loss after premature loss of second primary molar due to teeth inclinations and movements. (2) To assess the effectiveness of the fixed space maintainer and fixed space regained. Subjects and method: This was a prospective trial study. Records of patients were analyzed to evaluate degree of the space loss due to teeth inclinations and movements, fixed space maintainer was used for cases have adequate space and fixed space regain for cases do not have. Results:Loss of space was 6.42% \xb1 0.62 mm and 3.78 \xb1 0.71 mm when second primary molar was extracted before and after first permanent molar erupt, respectively. In maintaining space, 92.9% of excellent results, 7.1% of good and 0% of failure. In regaining space, 88% of excellent results, 8% of good and 4% of failure. Conclusion: After premature loss of second primary molar, adjacent teeth incline and move resulting in loss of space, the degree of space loss depended on timing of tooth extraction. The study shows the effectiveness of fixed space maintainer and fixed space regain in maintaining and regaining spaces.
Molar ;

During gestation, a fetus may be affected by factors that cause it to develop in anomalous ways. Yet it is not easy to determine what exactly are the causes of a given fetal malformation. Objectives: We investigated pregnant women's perceptions of what could be the causes of the fetal malformations they experienced. Methods: Qualitative interviews with 30 pregnant women and their families after an ultrasound scanning had detected a defect in the fetus. Results: Even though in many cases the working environment of either mother or father might have played a role in causing the malformation, the research showed that the parents themselves hardly ever blamed their working environment for the defect. The research also showed that most couples kept the malformation secret from their family, community and colleagues. This secrecy in combination with parental reluctance to consider the health impact of their working environment may make it difficult to combat possibly toxic working environments in Vietnam. Conclusions: In some cases, fetal malformations may be related to a toxic working environment. Yet in this study, a few pregnant women know that exposure to toxic chemicals at the workplace can play a role in causing a malformation in their fetus.
Fetus ; Fetus/abnormalities ; Environment

A study on 191 people who suffer from depressive disorder in Ho Chi Minh city and there were 111 people among them who didn’t follow the treatment method, but 80 other people did. 32.4%, equivalent with the rate 40% of people who didn’t receive the treatment. For the treated group: the lessen rate: 0%, lower than 33.3% of people who receive drug fully and reduce totally rate: 19%- 34% fully taken drug according to Fava, 96.3% lessen completely. The recurrent rate of untreated group is 50%, and 4.5% for other group. In brief, follow the treatment schedule will reduce the recurrent rate and increase the rate of recovery.
Depressive Disorder ; Therapeutics ; Depression

Study on 900 people in order to determine the prevalence of depression disorder in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). Results: prevalence of depression disorder was 6.6%, similar to the percentage of 7.6% defined by WHO, and prevalence of recurrent depression was 22%. The prevalence of depression in HCMC with some environmental factors was 11.5% in separation/divorce status (lower than that in US), 8.7% in unemployed people (lower than the rate of 15.2% in US), and was 13.3% in low-income people (similar to in US). Depression disorder is a common and recurrent condition in HCMC as well as in other countries, but varies between many countries because the difference in social-economic development has influenced differently to this disorder.
Depression ; Epidemiology

Study the effect of treatment for the depressive disorder patients who were Hochiminh city inhabitants in mental consulting room, Mental Hospital. The patients were divided into two groups. The control group included 90 patients and intervention group included143 patients. The results showed that the remission rate reached from 70 to 80% in both groups if these patients take enough medicine. The proportion of patients take medicine over 8 weeks in the intervention group (32.2%) is higher than the control group (17.8%). The remission rate in the intervention group was 61.5%, comparison to 17.8% in the control group. During the period of recurrent prevention, if the patients take enough medicine, the recurrent rate change from 14-22% in both groups in which the proportion of patients take medicine over 4 months in the intervention group was 15.4%; that in the control group was 7.8%. The recurrent rate in the control group was 51.4% and in the intervention group was 31.7%. The treatment for the depressive disorder patients need two periods: treatment for depressive disorder stop (at least for 8 weeks) and treatment for recurrent prevention (at least for 4 months). The basic knowledge should be provided to the patients.
Depressive Disorder ; Therapeutics ; Education

Background: The postoperative residual spherical equivalent (SE) refractive error of the posterior chamber intraocular lens insertion is the cause result in significant distant vision loss. Objective: The study evaluated residual SE refractive error of the patients having ocular trauma undergoing a trans pars plana vitreo-lensectomy and posterior chamber intraocular lens insertion, for recorrection of the preoperative IOL power calculated formula are also investigated. Subjects: 43 consecutive patients who underwent a trans pars plana vitreo-lensectomy and posterior chamber intraocular lens insertion in the sulcus, in the Trauma Department of National Institute of Ophthalmology, from December 2005 to June 2007. Method: This was a prospective cross-sectional study. Results: Among 43 patients, there were 39 men and 4 women, age ranged from 10 to 45 years. In the most cases, the residual spherical equivalent deviation was planned to achieve final mild myopia (mean -1.75 D by manifest refraction; -1.9 D by autorefractor measurements). The surgery could provide a best corrected visual acuity at over 0.2 (81.4%). Conclusions: Intraocular lens implantation at the time of trans pars plana vitreo-lensectomy could provide a reasonable restoration of visual acuity and binocular function. However, recorrection of the IOL power calculation was necessary in these cases.
Postoperative spherical refractive error ; intraocular lens insertion

Introduction: Cataract and vitreous opacification caused by ocular injury results in significant visual loss. Objectives: to evaluate the initial outcome of patients with ocular blunt or penetrating trauma who underwent trans pars planar vitreo-lensectomy and posterior chamber intra ocular lens insertion. Comment on the indications and applications of surgical techniques. Subjects and method: In this prospective randomized study, a total of 30 patients (30 eyes) with blunt/penetrating ocular trauma were assessed using X-ray and ultrasound in the Trauma Department of National Institute of Ophthalmology, from December 2005 to August 2006. Results: 30 patients (28 men and 2 women) with an age range from 3 to 45 years. Penetrating injuries are more common than blunt ones. The cornea is the most common site of injury (73.3%). Conclusion: Intraocular lens were implanted at the time of trans pars planar vitreo-lensectomy can provide a reasonable restoration of visual acuity and binocular function.
Vitreo-lensectomy ; Intraocular lens

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) strains with positive cagA gene can induce an advanced severe condition of atrophic gastritis and a higher risk of gastric carcinoma than those without cagA gene. Objective: To carry out the full sequence of cagA gene and preliminary analysis, classify cagA protein in H. pylori strains in Vietnamese patients. Subjects and method: 5 patients with H. pylori strains from Ho Chi Minh city were enrolled in the study. H. pylori was cultured and determined by PCR before sequencing full cagA gene. Analyzing cagA gene and constructing phylogenetic tree using biometrics and bioinformatics software. Results: The length of open reading frame of cagA gene of H. pylori strains in Vietnamese patients was 3480-3588 base-pairs, the number of amino acid in relavant cagA protein was 1159-1195 amino acids and all cagA protein molecules belonged to East Asian cagA, none of them was Western cagA. Even with the same classification of East Asian cagA, the Japanese H. pylori strains and Vietnamese strains were located in different cluster in phylogenetic tree. Conclusion: The study suggested that H. pylori cagA proteins in patients from Ho Chi Minh city belonged to East Asian cagA.
Helicabacter pylori ; H. pylori ; cagA

Cytoglobin (Cygb), a stellate cell-specific globin, has recently drawn attention due to its association with liver fibrosis. In the livers of both humans and rodents, Cygb is expressed only in stellate cells and can be utilized as a marker to distinguish stellate cells from hepatic fibroblast-derived myofibroblasts. Loss of Cygb accelerates liver fibrosis and cancer development in mouse models of chronic liver injury including diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma, bile duct ligation-induced cholestasis, thioacetamide-induced hepatic fibrosis, and choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. This review focuses on the history of research into the role of reactive oxygen species and nitrogen species in liver fibrosis and discusses the current perception of Cygb as a novel radical scavenger with an emphasis on its role in hepatic stellate cell activation and fibrosis.