Based on the survey of the essential drug management at 26 communal health stations (CHSs) in Ba BÓ district, B¾c C¹n province, the authors showed that all the health stations have applied correctly the rule for managing almost of listed drugs. Type and quantity of the essential drugs at the communal health stations have been insufficient to meet the people’s needs. There is only about 20% of drugs that listed in the third essential drug list of ViÖt Nam Ministry of Health). Rate of infectious drugs is highest. Amount of drug that supplied by CHSs occupies only 49% of total drug supply. Only 11.53% of CHSs have the pharmacist. Only 11% of health workers were received training in pharmaceutical management. 93% of the health workers have trouble in drug prescribing and advising because the lack of knowledge on drug classes or new drugs. The rate of using herbal to treat patients at the commune stations remained to be low (7.7%). The authors called for some measures to improve the essential drug use and management at communal level
Drugs, Essential ; Residence Characteristics

Objectives: The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has increased, particularly among individuals who have recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Health literacy is considered a “social vaccine” that helps people respond effectively to the pandemic. We aimed to investigate the association between long COVID-19 and PTSD, and to examine the modifying role of health literacy in this association. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at 18 hospitals and health centers in Vietnamfrom December 2021 to October 2022. We recruited 4,463 individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 infection for at least 4 weeks. Participants provided information about their sociodemographics, clinical parameters, health-related behaviors, health literacy (usingthe 12-item short-form health literacy scale), long COVID-19 symptoms and PTSD (Impact Event Scale-Revised score of 33 or higher). Logistic regression models were used to examine associations and interactions. Results: Out of the study sample, 55.9% had long COVID-19 symptoms, and 49.6% had PTSD.Individuals with long COVID-19 symptoms had a higher likelihood of PTSD (odds ratio [OR], 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.63–2.12; p < 0.001). Higher health literacy was associated with a lower likelihood of PTSD (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97–0.99; p = 0.001). Compared to those without long COVID-19 symptoms and the lowest health literacy score, those with long COVID-19 symptoms and a 1-point health literacy increment had a 3% lower likelihood of PTSD (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96–0.99; p = 0.001). Conclusion Health literacy was found to be a protective factor against PTSD and modified the negative impact of long COVID-19 symptoms on PTSD.