552 diarrhea stool specimens were stained by base fushin 1% for detecting morphology of camylobacter. Stool specimens also were cultured to isolate the organism. The result showed that: 83 stool specimens were positive with typical morphology of campylobacter by direct staining examination. In 51 positive specimens by culture, there were 41 positive specimens by direct staining examination. Sensitivity of direct staining method was 86.3% and specificity was 93%.
diagnosis ; Enteritis

1159 diarrhoeal stool specimens were cultured for detecting Campylobacter. Data on epidemiology and clinical symptoms of the disease were also collected. 104 Campylobacter strains were isolated, positive rate 9%. The highest prevalence of the disease was found in 2 age groups: 7-12 months (15%) and 13-24 months (13.1%), and this proportion decreased gradually with increasing age. No seasonal fluctuation was observed. Clinical symptoms of the disease are not typical so the diagnosis should be based on stool examination.
Diarrhoea ; epidemiology ; diagnosis ; Campylobacter

252 pathogenic bacterial strains have been isolated in Friendship hospital in 1997. Almost strains (66%) are gram negative. The majority of bacteria that caused urinary tract infection are gram negative rods. Gram positive cocci are predominant in the strains isolated from pus, exudates. All strains are tested for antibiotic sensitivity. Enterobacteriaceae are still sensitive to the third generation of cephalosporin, morfloxacin, gentamyxin, netilmixin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa are only sensitive to Amikaxin. Staphylococcus aureus are resistant to oxacillin in high level (54.6%), but still susceptible to bactrim, gentamyxin, vancomyxin.
Bacterial Infections ; drug resistance

An inquiry carried out on 2017 adults (>16 years old ) in Dong Da, Soc Son, Gia Lam districts, Hanoi City from May to Sept 2000 showed that diabetes is a common disease in the community but the most were not diagnosed. The highest prevalence was in Dong Da 6.61%, then in Soc Son 2.98% and Gia Lam 1.63%, higher in male than female persons, above 50 years old persons were the most vulnerable. Other factors which contribute in the morbidity are living standard, non appropriate diet, less activity and some familial factors
Diabetes Mellitus ; Child ; Diseases ; epidemiology

Background: Training community-oriented general practitioners with the aims to provide the medical knowledge and skills of working in the community for medical students is appropriate with the socioeconomic context in Vietnam. Objectives: To evaluate the acceptance of the community in two districts Kim Bang (Ha Nam province) and Dong Hy (Thai Nguyen province) on field training for medical students. Subjects and method: The cross - sectional study was carried out on 300 households that were chosen randomly from 2 rural districts on April 2006. The heads of households were interviewed by open - ended questionnaires. Another 120 key informants from these two districts were invited to participate in a focus group discussion. Results: 81% of households voluntarily participated in the organization of field training for the medical students. More than 97% households paid attention to the medical students\u2019 information about health care and environmental hygiene. With medical community-based education, the people from communities receives\u2019 improvement in their knowledge of child care and personal hygiene in order to prevent diseases. Conclusion: Being exposed to health problems in communities, medical students can enhance their working and communication skills. People in the communities had a chance to improve their knowledge of disease preventions.
medical field training

Background: Metabolic syndrome is characterized by a group of metabolic risk factors in one person but not a real disease. For this reason, metabolic syndrome is underestimated by clinicians and individuals. Metabolic syndrome that was not detected and treated timely can cause serious diseases. Objectives: 1) To investigate the abnormal blood biochemical parameters related to metabolic syndrome. 2) To determine the abnormal ratio of these parameters. 3) To screen the metabolic syndrome among the staffs of Ha Noi Medical University. Subjects and method: 229 staffs underwent laboratory tests to diagnose for the metabolic syndrome. Abnormal blood biochemical parameters were defined as follows: Fasting blood glucose level increased 6.1mmol/l or more. Triglycerides level is 2.3mmol/l or more, HDL-cholesterol decreased to less than 1.03mmol/l for men and less than 1.24mmol/l for women. Total cholesterol level is 5.2mmol/l or more. CT to HDL-C ratio is more than 3.63 and LDL cholesterol level is 3.5mmol/l or more. Results. Rate of subjects with glucose intolerance or blood fasting glucose higher than 6.1mmol/L is 20.09%. Rate of subjects with dyslipidemia is 61.14%. Average levels of blood glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol increase with age. Number of staffs of Ha Noi Medical University have metabolic syndrome in 2007 are 32 persons (14%). M/F rate is equal and most common in persons over 45 years of age. Conclusion:There are significant number of staffs at the Ha Noi Medical University that had abnormal blood glucose and cholesterol levels related to metabolic syndrome.
Metabolic syndrome ; blood biochemical parameters.

Background: People were infected with Cysticercus by either eating Taenia solium eggs from the environment or from proglottids in intestines. These eggs hatched to larvae in muscular and cerebral tissue, which causes specific symptoms. \r\n', u'Objectives: To determine symptoms of human cysticercosis. \r\n', u'Subjects and methods: Clinical and para-clinical processes were conducted on 30 cysticercosis patients, of which 21 were male (70%) and 9 female (30%).\r\n', u'Results and conclusion: The main symptoms were headache in 29 patients (96.7%), subcutaneous cysts in 28 patients (93.3%), epilepsy in 14 patients (46.7%), positive ELISA (antigen of T.solium) with samples in 28 (93.3%) and positive ELISA with CSF samples (73.3%), living cysts in the brain were discovered in 25 patients (83.3%) by CT scanner and eosinophylia in 24 patients (80%). Cysticercus nodules were collected from 28 patients in this study; the species were identified by molecular method. A portion of 652 bp of mitochondrial-encoded cytochrome oxidase b (cob) and 217 amino-acid was amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence was comparatively aligned with the known corresponding sequences of Taenia solium Chinese (TsoCN1). Molecular-based analysis revealed that the Cysticercus from the patients in this study was identified as Taenia solium. There is absolute nucleotide and amino-acid similarity between Taenia solium Chinese (hemogeny 99.1-99.8% of nucleotide and 100% of amino acid).\r\n', u'
Cysticercosis ; diagnosis

Background: \r\n', u'In the antituberculosis chemotherapy, shortening treatment course, and applying new high effective methods are top prioritized. Of which,the immunotherapy with M vaccea an environmental saprophyte, combined with the antituberculosis medicines all over the world has been applied since 1985, aimed to enhance the host immune responses.\r\n', u'Objectives:\r\n', u'To evaluate the results after 6 months of shortened course anittuberculosis chemotherapy by combining the immunotherapy withM vaccae.\r\n', u'Subjects and method: \r\n', u'233 newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients with AFB smear (+) selected from Centers for Tuberculosis Control in some districts of Ha Tay and Ha Noi. They are 15 above, and not the pregnant, breastfeeding, diabetes, HIV infections, and hepatitis B (Unnecessary) \r\n', u'Dividing randomly into 2 groups, group A was in treatment of the standard 8 month chemotherapy regimen, and group B was treated in a shortned 6 month chemotherapy regimen in combination with immunotherapy by using M. vaccae vaccine. \r\n', u'Results:\r\n', u'The rates of AFB (-) sputum of group B were 98,2% and 100% respectively, the rates of the group A were 97,4% and 99% respectively after 2 and 6 months of treatment. There are 88.5% and 100% for group B, 85.6% and 98.8% for group A at the same time to achieve a negative sputum culture for M. tuberculosis. IgM responses against M. tuberculosis sonicated antigen before and after the follow-up time in Group A are not changed, whereas this level of the immunotherapy group had reduced significantly at the 6th moth (P<0.05). There is no responses in IgC to M. tuberculosis of both groups during the same follow-up period. The mean weight of patients in group B was higher than that of group A after 2 and 6 months of treatment.\r\n', u'Conclusion:\r\n', u'M. vaccae vaccine brings good benefits when be combined with the chemo-immunotherapy for newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients with AFB smear (+). The negative sputum indicators and clinic improvements in the chemo- immunotherapy group of treatment are better than that of chemotherapy only. This study created more effective method for treating tuberculosis infection.\r\n', u'
Tuberculosis ; Pulmonary ; Tuberculosis ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ;

Background: Situation of extremity injury caused by traffic accidents and occupational accidents are increasing in Vietnam. Therefore, the prevention and fight against these accidents are one of the key objectives to reduce the burden on the families of victims as well as for society. Objectives: To outline situation of extremity injury patients caused by traffic accident, treated in Viet Duc hospital from 2000-2004. Subjects and method: A retrospective study was conducted on 19.845 patients (14.562 males, 5.283 females, aged from 1-97 years old). The subjects were divided into 3 main groups: alone upper extremity injury, alone lower extremity injury and multiple fractures. Results: Extremity injury was common seen in people of working age (78.1%), men more than women (2.76/1 ratio), left foot more than right foot and it was common been in multiple fracture situation due to complex mechanisms of injury (50.3%), alone extremity injury (49.7%). The lower extremity injury was more common seen than upper extremity injury. Open fracture injury (27.3%), in which open fractures in lower extremity were more common seen. Open fractures in both 2 leg bones was the most common seen, accounted for 57.4% among total of open fractures. Amputation accounted for 8.3% among all case of open fractures and 2.3% among all case of extremity injuries. Conclusion: Extremity injury (lower extremity and upper extremity) caused by traffic accidents is common seen. The average, there are 3 emergency surgeries due to open fracture injury were performed daily in Viet Duc hospital per a total of about 11 traumatic emergency surgeries.
Fractures ; Bone ; Arm Injuries ; Leg Injuries ; Accidents ; Traffic ;

Introduction: Hepatitis C is a dangerous disease and if left untreated can have serious consequences to the patients. While hepatitis C is difficult to treat, its vaccine is still unavailable. Previous studies have showed that there is a low rate of drug users having HCV tests. This means HCV infections does not have any great importance attached to it amongst the drug user group.\r\n', u'Objectives: To discover the status of HCV infection among drug users in Hanoi and to analyse the associated factors. \r\n', u'Subjects and methods: This crossover descriptive study was conducted in Hanoi. Research objects consisted of only men within the 16 - 25 years old age group, who used heroin from 09/2005 to 12/2006. These participants were interviewed and tested for HIV, HCV and HBV.\r\n', u'Results: HCV prevalence is 35.1 %. Especially, the research has indicated that 100% of HIV infected cases have also contracted HCV. This co - infectious status can be a challenge to subjects when they experience ARV treatment. The mean age of surveyed participants is 19. 83.6% of them have attended secondary school. 30.1 % have taken part in illegal earning activities. \r\n', u'Conclusion: HCV infection was discovered in the early drug injection stage. The proportion of HIV infection among injecting drug users is 28.24 times compared to the smoking drug users.\r\n', u'
HeV ; HIV ; Injecting drug user