In adolescents, pregnancy and birth can cause not only severe outcomes but also the harassment for their families and the load for society. Due to insufficiency in nutrition for developing fetus and the body has not developed fully, the pregnant adolescents usually suffer from malnutrition and anemia and have more likely to be intervened during delivery, affect to health of mother and child. The lack of knowledge on childbirth and anxiety can lead to functional mental disorders. Adolescent pregnancy and birth also has severe impact on economic and social status. Some resolutions were proposed, including sexual education for adolescents; safe abortion; family-planing services must be available and easy to access. Information, education and counseling must be provided effectively both in family and school.
Pregnancy ; Adolescent ; Pregnancy Outcome

The rate of pregnancy and childbirth in adolescent girls is raising in ViÖt Nam and in the worldwide. The main causes of this situation are the lack of knowledge in productive health and contraception. The misunderstand about love and friendship, the misconception about real love, the lack of education and control of family, the penetration of unhealthy publication and the lack of counseling services on productive health and pre-marriage
Pregnancy ; Parturition ; Adolescent

In analyzing 45 cases of ectopic pregnancy lately diagnosed with serum  HCG determination, transvaginal ultrasonography, the mean time for laparoscopy and the average time of hospitalization were respectively 4,2+/-2,9 and 8,8 +/- 3,6 days. - Late menstruation took hold of 80% and vaginal bleeding at 70%. Pain of the hypogastrium spreading to the lower parts (73,3%) was a specific symptom (P< 0,01). More than a half (51,1%) of cases had the uterus greater than usual, however there were only 64,4% having a mass occurred in adnexa, but the painful culde-sac sign has a high value for diagnosis(51,1%). - The uterus ultrasonography image without gestation sac took holds high rate (82,2%) had a high value of diagnosis with a sensitivity of 82,2%. Adnexal mass occurred at 77,7%, while the sign of the cul-de-sac with liquid had a high value of diagnosis, with a sensitivity rate of 77,7%.- 36/45 of cases in with beta HCG >=1000 mIU/ml (80%). - 40% of cases were obligated to make laparotomy due to former operation and 55,6% of cases with tube cracked, ruptured or aborted through the pavilion which the rate of tube resection to 84,1%
Pregnancy, Ectopic ; diagnosis

During 1993-1995, there were 53/953 cases with the wrong diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy in the Institute of mother and children protection and care. in which delayed menstruation: 56,7%, bleeding: 5,6%, long bleeding with black blood: 62,3%, no bleeding: 37,7% abdominal pain: 88,7%, diffuse and dull pain: 53,2% severe pain: 49%, 37/56 cases were received the HCG test, the ovaritubal inflamatory: 62,3%, bleeding due to the ovarian cyst rupture: 17 cases in which 2 cases of wrong diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy and the rest were diagnosed the appendicitis ovarian cyst, the ovarian cyst rupture: 13/53; the cases with the abdominal blood (10-100ml): 31/56
Pregnancy, Ectopic ; diagnosis

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 patient with suspected ectopic pregnancy at the Institute of Mother and Newborn Protection from 1/1999 to 11/2000. Results: beta-HCG levels do not distribute consistently with standard rule, so they vary greatly. 63% of patients have beta-HCG level less than 1000mUI/ml. If clinical examination showed painful appendage or mass with beta-HCG level more than 25mUI/ml, the ectopic pregnancy should be suspected. For patients who have clinical symptoms suggested ectopic pregnancy, vaginal-probe ultrasound showed the empty uterine, there was separate mass in appendage and beta-HCG level of 700mUI/ml or more, laparoscopy should be indicated
Pregnancy, Ectopic ; diagnosis ; serum ; Chorionic Gonadotropin

A study on 120 persons with suspected ectopic pregnancy in the institute of mother and newborn protection and care showed that the early symptoms of ectopic pregnancy comprised bleeding early, timely or lately occurred comparing with the estimated menstrual date. Bleeding occurred as drops and blood was darker than menstrual blood. The full pain in the below of gastric region or lateral pelvic cavity indicated that the frequency of ectopic pregnancy was 2.34 times with sensitivity of 87.8% clinical examination included pain when uterus moving, swollen in vulva and unclear border.
Pregnancy, Ectopic ; diagnosis

The knowledge and practice of mothers and CHWs will strengthen quality of antenatal care. Objectives: To describe knowledge, practice of mothers and practice of CHWs on antenatal care in Tien Du district, Bac Ninh province in 2003. Methods: 150 mothers and 16 CHWs were included in a cross-sectional study using interviews and check lists. Results: (a) The knowledge of mothers on antenatal care including: the necessary of antenatal check up is 63.1%; vaccination of tetanus: 61.3%; use acid folic and iron: 37.3%; good nutrition: 58.7%. (b) The practice of mothers on prenatal care: get antenatal check up 3 times or more are 70.7%; vaccination of tetanus is 98.7% but the pregnant women who completed two doses get up 90.7%. The mothers had been provided iron supplementation is 64%. 62% of mothers had been supplied a good nutrition during pregnancy. 36.7% pregnancies had decrease in working time and 36% had withdrawn from work just before delivery. (c) The quality and practice skills of CHWs is no attained yet according to the National Standard on RH servies, in particular all pregnant women had not tested for proteinuria. Conclusion: It is needed to strengthen knowledge, practice of mothers and practice of CHWs on antenatal care according to the National standard on RH servies.
Medical Staff, Knowledge, Mothers

120 cases suspected of ectopic pregnancy (EP) were studied. Sonographic imaging gave early diagnosis: - No intrauterine gestation sac at βhCG serum ≥ 700mlU/ml was the valuable sign with sensitivity of 93,0% and a positive predictive value of 87,7% (p< 0,01) - Sonographic imaging with an adnexal mass has got a sensitivity of 72% and positive predictive value of 85,7% in early diagnosis - In combining 3 factors: the concentration of βhCG serum ≥ 700mlU/ml, no intrauterine gestation sac with an adnexal mass separated from the ovary, the value of early diagnosis of EP has got sensitivity of 80% and positive predictive value of 93% (P< 0,01)
Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Early Diagnosis ; Ultrasonography

A retrospective study was performed on 1094 cases of previous history of ceasarian operation at the National Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics from January to December 2002. The investigation at the age of mother, the period between 2 operations, the age of the fetus, the causes of conditions, the causes related to fetal annexis. The results showed a rate of 36.9% of cases underwent the operation. Highest rate was found at the age of 30-34 years old. Ceasarian operations were usually carried intently in the weeks 38-40 of pregnancy. The most common causes were premature amniotic breakage, large fetus, previous operated scars spasm.
Cesarean Section ; Pregnant women ; Epidemiology

A cross sectional retrospective study was conducted on all cases and case reports of cesarian section at the Central Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics from January to December 2002. In the year 2002, there were 36.9 of cases were ceasarian section, non-significant increase versus the past year. Ceasarian section in first pregnancy was 33.4%, dramatically increased. There were 37 indications of ceasarian section dividing into 4 main groups: group 1: causes from fetus 83%, large fetus 23.8%, large fetal head 18%, fetal heart failure 17.5%, abnormal presentation 18.9%. Group 2: causes from mother 53%, causes from annexes 16.5%. Group 3: Social causes 2.22% (increased in comparing with previous study).
Cesarean Section ; Pregnant women ; Birth Order