PURPOSE: To evaluate near, intermediate, and distant vision, optical quality, and patient satisfaction with Acri.LISA aspheric diffractive multifocal IOL. METHODS: Forty eyes of 20 patients received phacoemulsification and implantation of Acri.LISA IOL. Visual acuity was measured postoperatively at 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months. Contrast sensitivity, wavefront aberration, and visual function via questionnaire were measured at postoperative 1 month. RESULTS: Uncorrected near, intermediate, and distanct visual acuity at 1 month were 0.09 +/- 0.14, 0.29 +/- 0.17 and 0.11 +/- 0.12, respectively. At 6 months, similar visual acuity results were measured. Total and higher-order wavefront aberration values were 0.66 +/- 0.29 and 0.24 +/- 0.08, respectively. Photopic contrast sensitivity at 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles/degree were 1.38 +/- 0.32, 1.73 +/- 0.24, 1.75 +/- 0.21, 1.33 +/- 0.18, and 0.77 +/- 23, respectively, and mesopic contrast sensitivity values were 1.37 +/- 0.27, 1.72 +/- 0.16, 1.63 +/- 0.14, 1.01 +/- 0.19, and 0.50 +/- 0.22. Total subjective visual function score was 3,127 +/- 354, near work was 244 +/- 36, distance work was 256 +/- 21, and night driving was 221 +/- 42. CONCLUSIONS: The Acri.LISA 366D multifocal IOL can be effective for improving patient satisfaction after cataract surgery as well as for presbyopia correction.
Cataract ; Contrast Sensitivity ; Eye ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Patient Satisfaction ; Phacoemulsification ; Presbyopia ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Acuity

The incidence of leptomeningeal dissemination (LMD) of anaplastic glioma has been increasing. LMD can be observed at the time of initial presentation or the time of recurrence. As a result of both rarity and unusual presentation, a standard therapy has not yet been suggested. In contrast to leptomeningeal carcinomatosis for systemic solid cancers, a relatively prolonged survival is observed in some patients with LMD of anaplastic gliomas. Treatment modalities include whole craniospinal irradiation, intra-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) chemotherapy, and systemic chemotherapy. In some cases, response to temozolomide (TMZ), with or without combined radiation has been reported. Here, we report two cases of LMD of an anaplastic glioma. In one case LMD presented at the time of diagnosis, and in the other at the time of recurrence after radiation. CSF cytology was positive in both cases, and persisted in spite of intrathecal methotrexate chemotherapy. Later, TMZ was prescribed for progressing brain parenchymal lesions, and both radiological and cytological responses were obtained after oral TMZ treatment.
Brain ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Craniospinal Irradiation ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Glioma* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Meningeal Carcinomatosis ; Methotrexate ; Recurrence

Here, we report a rare case of L3 chordoma progressed to an intradural extramedullary (IDEM) mass and distant metastasis to the fascia lata. A 64-year old female patient presented to a local university hospital due to back pain and received excisional biopsy for a L3 destructive bony lesion. Local radiation therapy was initially administered, assuming a malignancy of unknown origin, but she developed cerebrospinal fluid leakage during adjuvant radiation therapy, which was managed by wound revision and lumbar drainage. As the destructive lesion progressed, she visited our hospital for a second opinion 3 months after the biopsy. After review of outside pathology, we diagnosed the lesion to be a chordoma, and performed a L3 corpectomy with cage and plate fixation. One and a half years later, positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET-CT) revealed a right tensor fascia lata hypermetabolic lesion. Excisional biopsy confirmed a distant metastasis of the chordoma. One year later, she complained of L2 radiating pain. PET-CT and CT myelogram revealed an IDEM lesion. Surgical excision confirmed the transdural invasion of the chordoma. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an iatrogenic IDEM invasion and distant metastasis to the tensor of the fascia lata by a L3 chordoma.

OBJECTIVE: Intracavitary injection of beta-emitting radiation source for control of cystic tumors has been tried with a benefit of localized internal radiation. The authors treated cystic brain tumor patients with Holmium-166-chitosan complex (Ho-166-chico), composed of a beta-emitting radionuclide Holmium-166 and biodegradable chit polymer, and evaluated the safety and effective measurement for response. METHODS: Twenty-two patients with recurrent cystic brain tumor and/or located in a deep or eloquent area were enrolled in this pilot study. The cyst volume and wall thickness were determined on CT or MRI to assess radiological response. The activity of Ho-166-chico injected via Ommaya reservoir was prescribed to be 10-25 Gy to the cyst wall in a depth of 4 mm. RESULTS: There was neither complications related to systemic absorption nor leakage of Ho-166-chico in all 22 patients. But, two cases of oculomotor paresis were observed in patients with recurrent craniopharyngioma. Radiological response was seen in 14 of 20 available follow-up images (70%). Seven patients of 'evident' radiological response experienced more than 25% decrease of both cyst volume and wall thickness. Another 7 patients with 'suggestive' response showed decrease of cyst volume without definitive change of the wall thickness or vice versa. All patients with benign tumors or low grade gliomas experienced symptomatic improvement. CONCLUSION: Ho-166-chico intracavitary radiation therapy for cystic tumor is a safe method of palliation without serious complications. The determination of both minimal effective dosage and time interval of repeated injection through phase 1 trial could improve the results in the future.
Absorption ; Brain Neoplasms* ; Brain* ; Chitosan ; Craniopharyngioma ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glioma ; Holmium ; Humans ; Paresis ; Pilot Projects* ; Polymers

OBJECTIVE: The Histoculture Drug Response Assay (HDRA), which measures chemosensitivity using minced tumor tissue on drug-soaked gelfoam, has been expected to overcome the limitations of in vitro chemosensitivity test in part. We analyzed interim results of HDRA in malignant gliomas to see if the test can deserve further clinical trials. METHODS: Thirty-three patients with malignant gliomas were operated and their tumor samples were examined for the chemosensitivity to 10 chosen drugs by HDRA. The most sensitive chemotherapy regimen among those pre-established was chosen based on the number of sensitive drugs or total inhibition rate (IR) of the regimen. The response was evaluated by 3 month magnetic resonance image. RESULTS: Among 13 patients who underwent total resection of the tumor, 12 showed no evidence of disease and one patient revealed progression. The response rate in 20 patients with residual tumors was 55% (3 complete and 8 partial responses). HDRA sensitivity at the cut-off value of more than one sensitive drug in the applied regimen showed a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 60% and predictability of 70%. Another cut-off value of >80% of total IR revealed a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 69%, and predictability of 80%. For 12 newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients, median progression-free survival of the HDRA sensitive group was 21 months, while that of the non-sensitive group was 6 months (p=0.07). CONCLUSION: HDRA for malignant glioma was inferred as a feasible method to predict the chemotherapy response. We are encouraged to launch phase 2 clinical trial with chemosensitivity on HDRA.
Disease-Free Survival ; Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable ; Glioblastoma ; Glioma ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Neoplasm, Residual ; Pilot Projects ; Sensitivity and Specificity

This study was performed to examine the combined effects of gamma linolenic acid and isoflavone supplementation on menopausal symptoms and serum lipids in 73 postmenopausal women. A total subjects were randomly assigned to isoflavone (30 mg) + gamma-linolenic acid (110 mg) group or placebo group. We measured menopausal symptoms by modified Kupperman Index (KI) and oxidized LDL, lipid peroxides, blood components and anthropometric parameters before and after the 12 week intervention period. After the 12 weeks of supplementation, supplement group and placebo group showed a significant reduction of modified kupperman index (p < 0.001). Isoflavone (30 mg) + gamma-linolenic acid (110 mg) supplement group showed a significant reduction of oxidized LDL cholesterol concentration (p = 0.006) whereas placebo group did not show significant change. Isoflavone and gamma-linolenic acid consumption did not significantly affect plasma concentrations of total, LDL, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, apo A1, B and blood components. The result of present study demonstrated the supplementation of 30 mg isoflavone and 110 mg gamma-linolenic acid per day for 12 weeks may protect LDL cholesterol from oxidative stress.
Apolipoprotein A-I ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Female ; gamma-Linolenic Acid ; Humans ; Lipid Peroxides ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; Oxidative Stress ; Plasma

Differential diagnosis of focal brainstem lesions detected on MRI is challenging, especially in young children. Formerly, brainstem gliomas were classified mainly based on MRI features and location. However, since 2016, the World Health Organization’s brainstem lesion classification requires tissue biopsy to reveal molecular characteristics. Although modern techniques of stereotactic or navigation-guided biopsy ensure accurate biopsy of the lesion with safety, biopsy of brainstem lesions is still generally not performed. Here, we report a focal brainstem lesion mimicking brainstem glioma in a 9-year-old girl. Initial MRI, MR spectroscopy, and 11 C-methionine positron emission tomography (PET) features suggested low-grade glioma or diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. However, repeated MR spectroscopy, perfusion MRI, and 18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET findings suggested that it was more likely a non-tumorous lesion. As the patient presented not with a neurological manifestation but with precocious puberty, the attending oncologist chose to observe with regular follow-up MRI. The pontine lesion with high signal intensity on T2-weighted MRI regressed from the 6-month follow-up and became invisible on the 1.5-year follow-up MRI. We reviewed brainstem glioma–mimicking lesions in the literature and discussed the key points of differential diagnosis.

It is known that many renal transplantation candidates with end stage renal disease have bladder dysfunction. Before 1966, these patients were considered poor candidates for renal transplantation because of their many bladder problems. But it has recently been reported that renal transplantation with an ileal conduit could solve these problems. Herein, we report on a patient with Hinman's syndrome and this patient underwent renal transplantation using a pre-existing cutaneous ureterostomy.
Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Kidney Transplantation ; Ureterostomy ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Diversion

BACKGROUND: The early and accurate diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) has become important because of introduction of new therapeutic strategies for LM and increasing incidence of LM along with longer survival of cancer patients. We aimed to evaluate the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) CYFRA 21-1 as a diagnostic indicator for LM in patients with cancer. METHODS: CSF CYFRA 21-1 level was analyzed using electro-chemiluminescent immunoassay. The difference in concentration of CSF CYFRA 21-1 between 91 patients with LM and 339 control groups (patients with other neurological disease or healthy controls) was investigated. The cut-off value of CSF CYFRA 21-1 as a diagnostic indicator for LM and its diagnostic performance were evaluated. RESULTS: The CSF CYFRA 21-1 was significantly higher in LM patients than control groups (p<0.001). A cut-off value of diagnosis for LM in patients with cancer was 1.59 ng/mL. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values of CSF CYFRA 21-1 were 80.2%, 96.2%, 92.8%, 84.9%, 94.8% for diagnosis of LM. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that CSF CYFRA 21-1 can be an additional diagnostic indicator for cancer patients with LM.
Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Immunoassay ; Incidence ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Sensitivity and Specificity

PURPOSE: Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2)/neu amplification affects the cell proliferation through the modulation of multiple G1 cell cycle regulators in breast tumor cells. We performed this study to investigate whether retinoblastoma protein (pRB) and p27Kip1 were differently expressed according to the HER2 amplification status in human breast cancer. METHODS: HER2 amplification was assayed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and the expression of cell cycle regulators were assayed by immunohistochemistry on 153 consecutive invasive breast cancers. The proliferative activity of breast cancer was analyzed according to the HER2 amplification and cell cycle protein expression status. RESULTS: HER2 amplification was observed in 39 (25.5%) of 153 breast cancers. In the HER2 amplified breast cancers, the pRB expression was significantly increased (p=0.011) whereas there was no significant relationship between HER2 amplification and p27Kip1 expression. There was an inverse correlation between pRB expression and Ki-67 labeling index in the HER2 amplified breast cancers (p=0.036). In contrast, Ki67 labeling index was significantly decreased as p27Kip1 expression increased in HER2 non-amplified breast cancers (p=0.028). In HER2 non-amplified breast cancers, we could not observe any association between the pRB expression and Ki67 labeling index. CONCLUSION: The proliferation of the breast cancers was associated with pRB expression in HER2 amplified tumors whereas it was associated with p27Kip1 expression in HER2 non-amplified tumors. The results of the current study indicate that the cell proliferative activity of the breast cancer is under different growth signal pathways according to HER2 amplification status.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Proliferation ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; Fluorescence ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization ; Retinoblastoma ; Retinoblastoma Protein ; Signal Transduction