Bisphosphonates have been approved for Paget's disease, cancer - related hypercalcemia, bone involvement in multiple myeloma or solid tumors and osteoporosis. Although, underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear, it seems that bisphosphonates inhibit osteoclast precursor cells, modulate migratory and adhesive characteristics and induce apoptosis of osteoclasts. Furthermore impacts on angiogenesis, microenvironment and signal transduction between osteoclasts and osteoblasts. In this report, we present a case of oral bisphosphonates induced osteonecrosis of the mandible in a 84-year-old patient who received for two years. Two tapered screw vent implants(Zimmer, USA) were placed in the area of first and second molar. Two weeks later after crowns restored, some inflammatory signs and symptoms were observed on the second molar area. Sequestrum was formed and the sequestrum was removed with the implant. Frequent follow-up checks and oral hygiene maintenances were done and the first molar implant was restored. There is insufficient evidence suggests that duration of oral bisphosphonate therapy correlates with the development and severity of osteonecrosis. Therefore, dentists should not overlook the possibility of development of bisphosphonate induced osteonecrosis in patients who have taken oral forms of medication for less than three years.
Adhesives ; Aged, 80 and over ; Apoptosis ; Crowns ; Dentists ; Diphosphonates ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia ; Mandible ; Molar ; Multiple Myeloma ; Oral Hygiene ; Osteoclasts ; Osteonecrosis ; Osteoporosis ; Signal Transduction

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer and to identify demographic variables and clinical characteristics impact on depressive symptoms and health related quality of life in patients with breast cancer in a university hospital. METHODS: Fourty-one patients with breast cancer were selected, who had visited the department of General surgery of the Wonkwang University hospital with a diagnosis of breast cancer regularly during the period November, 2010-May, 2011. All of subjects were evaluated for the depression, anxiety and the health related quality of life with Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), anxiety subscale of Personality Assessment Inventory(PAI) and Short-Form 36 Health Survey-Korean version(SF-36-K). Patients were divided into depressive symptoms and non-depressive symptoms group according to the BDI score. We compared SF-36-K between two groups, and analized multiple regression with depression and health related quality of life as criterion variables and demographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression in patients with breast cancer in a University hospital was 36.4%. Compared to the non-depression, depressed patients with breast cancer appeared significantly lower mean scores on six subscales in SF-36-K : Physical function(p<.01), Role-physical(p<.001), General health(p<.05), Social function(p<.001), Role-emotional(p<.001) and Mental health(p<.001). But there was no significant difference between two groups in Vitality and Bodily pain. Anxiety, level of education and presence of enforcement of chemotherapy(63.6%) were significant explanation variables for depressive symptoms. And type of surgery and age (55.8%) were significant explanation variables for health related quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer in a University hospital was 36%. The depressive symptoms had not only negative impact on the health related quality of life but also important explanation variable for health related quality of life. These results suggest that depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer should be evaluated and treated for improving patient's health related quality of life.
Anxiety ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Depression ; Humans ; Personality Assessment ; Prevalence ; Quality of Life

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and to identify demographic variables and clinical characteristics impacting on anxiety and quality of life in the elderly. METHODS: We analyzed data of 300 patients. Generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7), World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument Brief Form (WHOQOL-BREF), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Scale of Social Support (SSS), Brief Encounter Psychosocial instrument (BEPSI-K) were used to evaluate. Patients were divided into anxiety and non-anxiety group according to the GAD-7 score. We compared stress and quality of life between two groups and analyzed multiple linear regression with anxiety and quality of life as criterion variables. RESULTS: The prevalence of anxiety in elderly was 27% (n=81). Compared to the non-anxiety, anxiety people appeared significantly lower mean scores all of subscales in WHOQOL-BREF : General Health (t=-6.782, p<0.001), Physical Health (t=-6.935, p<0.001), Psychological Health (t=-8.816, p<0.001), Social Relationship (t=-5.409, p<0.001) and Environmental Health (t=-5.667, p<0.001). Stress, social support, education, sleep were significant explanation variables for anxiety and anxiety, stress, self-esteem were significant explanation variables for quality of life. CONCLUSION: These results show that the most important variable influencing on anxiety was stress and influencing on quality of life was anxiety.
Aged* ; Anxiety* ; Education ; Environmental Health ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Prevalence ; Quality of Life* ; World Health Organization

Time to antagonism induced by pyridostigmine from different levels of neuromuscular blockade was evaluated in 45 patients anesthetized with nitrous oxide, fentanyl, and vecuronium. Neuromuscular blockade, as monitered by train-of-four count, was antagonized at varing degrees of spontaneous recovery. Train-of-four ratio was used as an index of the ability of the patients to maintain adequate spontaneous ventil'ation, and maximum inspiratory pressure as an index of the ability of the patients to protect their airways against aspiration or obstruction. We measured time from administration of pyridostigmine to train-of-four ratio of 70% indicating the recovery of the ability to maintain adquate spontaneous ventilation, and time to maximum inspiratory pressure of -45 cmH2O indicating the recovery of the ability to protect the patients airways against aspiration or obstruction. For a train-of-four count level of 0-1, reversal time to train-of-four ratio of 70% was 22.73+/-3.00 minutes and that to maximum inspiratory pressure of -45 cmH2O was 30.33+/-2.69 minutes. For a train-of-four count level of 2- 3, reversal time to train-of-four ratio of 70% was 17.33+/-3.18 minutes and that to maximum inspiratory pressure of -45cmH2O was 22.27+/-2.91 minutes. For a train-of-four count level of 4, reversal time to train-of-four ratio of 70% was 8.40+/-3.58 minutes and that to maximum inspiratory pressure of -45 cmH2O was 14.60+/-3.11 minutes. It is concluded that the more shallow is the neuromuscular blockade, the more rapid and the safer is the reversal of neuromuscular blockade, although the dose of reversal drug was determined according to the depth of neuromuscular blockade. Moreover, it should take more than 30 minutes to antagonixe profaund neuromuacular hlock- ade induced by vecuronium to such a degree that not only can the patients maintain adequate spontaneous ventilation, but they can maintain the airways and protect them against aspiration as well.
Fentanyl ; Humans ; Neuromuscular Blockade* ; Nitrous Oxide ; Pyridostigmine Bromide ; Vecuronium Bromide* ; Ventilation

OBJECTIVES: Inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) is the most frequently used treatment for mandibular molars. Successful IANB requires insertion of the dental needle near the mandibular foramen. In this study, we aimed to analyze the anatomic location of the mandibular lingula and evaluate the effects of internal oblique ridge (IOR)-guided IANB. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The location of the mandibular lingula was measured using cone-beam computed tomography images of the mandibles obtained from 125 patients. We measured the distances from the occlusal plane to the lingula and from the IOR to the lingula in 250 mandibular rami. Based on the mean of these distances, alternative anesthesia was carried out on 300 patients, and the success rate of the technique was evaluated. RESULTS: The mean vertical distance was 8.85±2.59 mm, and the mean horizontal distance was 14.68±1.44 mm. The vertical (P<0.001) and the horizontal (P<0.05) distances showed significant differences between the sex groups. The success rate of the IOR-guided technique was 97.3%. CONCLUSION: IANB-based location of mandibular lingula showed a high success rate. From this study, we concluded that analysis of the anatomic locations for mandibular lingula and IOR-guided IANB are useful for restorative and surgical dental procedures of the mandibular molars.
Anesthesia ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Dental Occlusion ; Humans ; Mandible ; Mandibular Nerve ; Molar ; Needles

The drastic increase in mental illnesses is a global problem. Prompt improvement of symptoms through early intervention, analysis of drug efficacy, and evaluation of treatment compliance are key strategies to address this issue. However, the traditional diagnostic and therapeutic methods for mental illnesses entail assessments based on interviews or questionnaires, which require a lot of time and money. The widespread use of smartphones and their applications in recent years has made it easier to assess mental illnesses and access to treatment. However, the reliability and validity of use of smartphone applications as an assessment tool for mental illnesses has been questioned since these applications are largely based on the existing questionnaire assessment methods. To overcome these problems, use of biosensor-based smartphone applications for the diagnosis and assessment of mental illnesses is being studied. This study will introduce the current status of this approach and discuss the future prospects.

OBJECTIVES: Inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) is the most frequently used treatment for mandibular molars. Successful IANB requires insertion of the dental needle near the mandibular foramen. In this study, we aimed to analyze the anatomic location of the mandibular lingula and evaluate the effects of internal oblique ridge (IOR)-guided IANB. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The location of the mandibular lingula was measured using cone-beam computed tomography images of the mandibles obtained from 125 patients. We measured the distances from the occlusal plane to the lingula and from the IOR to the lingula in 250 mandibular rami. Based on the mean of these distances, alternative anesthesia was carried out on 300 patients, and the success rate of the technique was evaluated. RESULTS: The mean vertical distance was 8.85±2.59 mm, and the mean horizontal distance was 14.68±1.44 mm. The vertical (P<0.001) and the horizontal (P<0.05) distances showed significant differences between the sex groups. The success rate of the IOR-guided technique was 97.3%. CONCLUSION IANB-based location of mandibular lingula showed a high success rate. From this study, we concluded that analysis of the anatomic locations for mandibular lingula and IOR-guided IANB are useful for restorative and surgical dental procedures of the mandibular molars.

Blood valproic acid levels were decreased in patients with traumatic brain injury who had been using valproic acid to control irritability and aggression, and the symptoms worsened coincident with the administration of meropenem, a carbapenem-based antibiotic. Two weeks after the discontinuation of meropenem, valproic acid levels were restored to an effective therapeutic concentration. Therefore, when valproic acid and carbapenem-based antibiotics are used together, blood valproic acid levels may decrease due to drug interaction, and irritability symptoms may worsen. Thus, close monitoring of serum valproic acid levels is required.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and childhood trauma in functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID) patients who visited the brain-gut axis clinic. Methods: The study participants included 99 individuals who were diagnosed with FGID by gastroenterologists, 88 individuals who had no FGID but showed symptoms of FGID based on the Rome criteria, and 79 individuals who did not show any symptoms or were diagnosed with FGID. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and childhood trauma were evaluated by the Korean version of Beck-depression inventory-II (K-BDI-II), Korean version of Beck anxiety inventory (K-BAI), and Korean version of childhood trauma questionnaire (K-CTQ), respectively. Results: The BDI score, BAI score, and CTQ score were significantly different between the groups. The group also had higher odds for developing anxiety as compared to the control group (odds ratio [OR] = 10.215, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 2.49−41.76). Additionally, the FGID group had higher odds for developing symptoms of depression (OR = 5.554, 95% CI: 2.06−14.97) and experiencing physical violence (OR = 3.128, 95% CI: 1.53−6.38) than the non-FGID group. Conclusion This study showed that FGID patients were more likely to have symptoms of depression, severe anxiety, and childhood trauma, which were the risk factors of FGID.

Several cases of ruptured pregnant uterine horn have been documented. However, there have been few reported cases of ectopic tubal pregnancy in a unicornuate with rudimentary horn. So we report this case with a brief review literature.
Animals ; Female ; Horns* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Tubal* ; Uterus*