No abstract available.
Primary Health Care*

There were many instances in which glaucoma, esp. primary, combined with hearing disturbance. The etiology of these cases has not been known until now. We had 15 primary glaucoma patients for whom pure tone audiometry wa~ performed, and could find the hearing defect in high tone in 5 cases (1/3 among those patients). The audiometric curve was similar to that in the presbycusis, but severer in degree than that occured within the normal physiological aging process. The average age was 62.4 year in the group with the hearing defect, and 45.6 year in the group without the hearing defect. There were no relationship between the hearing defect and intraocular tension, visual field change, glaucomatous cupping, and duration of glaucoma. These results may support the opinion of the authors that the hearing disturbance in glaucomatous patients is related to the arterioscIerotic changes which aggrevate the presbycusis, and not related to glaucoma itself. On the otherhand, however, it is stilI impossible for us to rule out that the pleiotropic and multifactorial genetic factors may play as a common important role in the hearing disturbances and glaucoma. And further studies would be necessary for these problems.
Aging ; Audiometry ; Glaucoma* ; Hearing* ; Humans ; Presbycusis ; Visual Fields

BACKGROUND: Many of the major life events that appear to affect biologic system and health occur within the context of the family and can have a profound psychosocial and biologic impact on family memebers. So, the present study attempted to examine the relations of family function with stressful life events, depression, and physical and psychological symptoms reported by patients. METHODS: Design : Cross sectional, observational study. Participants : 41 healthy adult males from a family medicine ambulatory care unit in a tertiary hospital located in Guro completed a series of psychometric instruments that include the Family APGAR(Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve), FACESIII(Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale), Modified 46-item Stressful Life Events Scale, Lee's 98 items Stressful Life Event Scale, Korean version of BEPSI(Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument) and BDI(Beck's Depression Inventory Scale). RESULTS: Family APGAR was negatively correlated with stress related life events(both in total and negative events, -0.30, -0.37, respectively; p<0.05) and BEPSI(-0.56; p<0.0001). No significant correlation could be found between family function and positive life events. Family APGAR also revealed significant negative correlation with BDI(-0.61; p<0.0001). Among the three family types, severe dysfunctional family demonstrated highest level of stressful life events score, perceived stress, and depression(p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The higher the assessment of the family function(Family APGAR), the lower the level of stressful life events, perceived stress and depression. There, knowledge of the family function, stress, and coping could be useful to family physicians in the whole person approach of their patients.
Adult* ; Ambulatory Care ; Depression* ; Humans ; Male* ; Observational Study ; Physicians, Family ; Psychometrics ; Tertiary Care Centers

No abstract available.
Humans*

The Computed Tomography is the most exact method to find out some diesase, soft tissue or musculoskeletal system. It is searching examination distinguishing normal structure and abnormal states in the spine and spinal canal. This is almost an absolute diagnostic method for spinal stenosis, and it has a special forte becasue it can distinguish the soft tissue around the spine. Thus we can distinguish metastatic cancer, herniated intervertebral disc, hypertrophy of the yellow ligament, and spine tumor very easily. Thirty-two cases of herniated intervertebral disc in lumbar spine were treated for 18 months from Jan. 1981 to Jun. 1982. Of thirty two cases, 18 cases were underwent CT scanning and 9 cases were underwent CT scanning and myelography. We obtained following results: 1. In the 18 cases taking a CT scan we found 6 cases of bulging annulus, 7 cases of herniated disc, one case each of facet syndrome, lateral recess syndrome, and three cases had normal finding. 2. In 9 cases taking CT scan, myelography and operation, 7 cases showed the same positive findings, but one case showed the positive CT scan and myelography, negative surgical exploration, and another case showed positive myelography, negative CT scan surgical exploration. 3. In 9 cases who took only a CT scan, there were 6 cases in which myelography was impossible or refused. Among these 6 cases 4 patients took operation and showed positive findings. 4. The diagnosis of herniated intervertebral disc by means of the CT scan has been made more accurately by the supplementary use of metrizamide and improvement of interpretation. a. When the patient refuses myelography. b. For discrimination of other diseases than herniated intervertebral disc. c. When the patient is allergic to iodine dyes used in myelography. As mention above, not only herniated intervertebral disc, but also many other diseases in spine can be diagnosed and we can decide that the herniated intervertebral disc surgery would by desirable with only the CT scan as nonivasive diagnostic test.
Coloring Agents ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; Intervertebral Disc ; Iodine ; Ligaments ; Methods ; Metrizamide ; Musculoskeletal System ; Myelography ; Spinal Canal ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spine ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Posterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Tendons*

BACKGROUND: It is well known that ultraviolet light(UVL) may cause skin cancer, decrease immune function and promote skin ageing. It is also known that an increase of chlorofluorocabons as air pollution, which csuses the depletion of ozone of the earth in ihe atmosphere, enables harmful ultraviolet-B(UVB) to reaeh the surface of the earth more easily: The purpose of this study is to determine the harmful effect of UVB on the skin by observing coicurrently the morphologieal snd biochemical changes in the UVB irradiated skin. OBJECTIVE: The animal used was the hairless mouse(Hr+/Kud) which are considered to be the most suitable for a UVB irradiation experiment. The Fluorescent sunlamp(Toshiba FL, 20SE, Toshiba electrie Co., Tokyo, Japan) was used as a source of UVB. METHOD: The skin of the back and ear was irradiated by an increasing doses of UVB. In morphological changes, the slteration in keratinocytes and Langerhans cells in cell number and morphology were observed. In biochemical changes, activities of tte superoxide dismutase and eatalsse, which scsvanges reactive oxygen species(O and H) producec in the skin by UVB irradistion were assayed. RESULT: Sunburn cells appeared st 60mJ/cm of UVB and increased in number in proportion to the UVB irradiation with dose dependent pattern. The Langerhans cell decreased in number in proportion to UVB irrsdiation in dose dependent manner(half maximum dose was 60mJ/cm), and was not found at 1J/cm. The morphological changes of the Langerhans cells, such as a loss of dendrites and granulation, were noticed at 60mJ/cm of UVB irradiation. The enzyme activity of catalase decreased in proportion to UVB irradiation. The enzyme activity of SOD was not changed by UVB irradiation, however, it significantly increased at 1000mJ/cm UVB irradiation. CONCLUSION: This study suggest that UVB irradiation to the skin causes a reduction in the immune funetion and alters the normal biochemical function of the skin.
Air Pollution ; Animals ; Atmosphere ; Catalase ; Cell Count ; Dendrites ; Ear ; Keratinocytes ; Langerhans Cells ; Mice ; Mice, Hairless* ; Oxygen ; Ozone ; Skin ; Skin Neoplasms ; Sunburn ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Ultraviolet Rays

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Merkel Cell* ; Recurrence*

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of phase I cardiac rehabilitation program (CRP) on physical capacity in patients with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Eighty seven patients who underwent CABG in our hospital were enrolled on the study. Among them, excluding 17 during the study, the results of 70 patients were included in the final data. Subjects were classified into two groups according to the participation in the phase I CRP; participation group (n=35) and non-participation group (n=35). The CR was executed for the participation group until patients' discharge. The variables including resting heart rate (RHR), oxygen saturation, walking distance in 6 minutes, and forced expiration amount were measured at initial phase, discharge and follow-up at 1 month after discharge. From the data, descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) were calculated, and differences in each variable before, during, after the treatment and between groups were tested using repeated measure analysis of variance using SPSS ver. 18.0 statistics program for Window. For the effects and results with a statistical significance, post-hoc test was made using t-test. There was statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in the RHR and the walking distance in 6 minutes. While there was no significant difference in the oxygen saturation and the maximum expiration amount. As conclusion, the Phase I CRP after CABG showed a effect on the significant improvement of physical capacity by decreasing the RHR and increasing the walking distance in 6 minutes, exerting a positive influence on the recovery after the CABG operation.
Coronary Artery Bypass ; Coronary Vessels ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Oxygen ; Transplants ; Walking

In 54 cases with heterophoria, the effects of the tranquilizers were studied. The minimum doses of two kinds of tranquilizers i.e., phenothiazine derivative (chlorpromazine) and benzodiazepine derivative (oxazepam) were given for 3 days. The results were as follows: 1. In 18 cases (43%) of the 30 cases who complained asthenopia, the symptom was relieved to some extent. The improvement of the symptom occurred with decrease in the Jateral phoria in 13 cases, and with increase in fusional amplitude in 13 cases. 2, There were no changes in the lateral phoria in 31 cases (59%) at distance, but at near, in 27 cases (52%) there was decrease in the lateral phoria. The amount of the increment or decrement in prism diopters was somewhat larger at near than at distance, and also somewhat larger in cases, in which the initial lateral phoria before medication is high, than in the cases with low initial lateral phoria. 3, There were no changes in the fusional amplitude in 24 cases (46%) at distance, but at near, in 28 cases (55 %) there was the increase in fusional amplitude. The changes in the amount of the increment or decrement in the fusional al1}plitude were similar to that of the changes in the amount in lateral phoria. 4, There were no remarkable changes in vertical phorias. 5. In exophoria there were no remarkable differences between subjects given chlorpromazine and those gIven oxazepam.
Asthenopia ; Benzodiazepines ; Chlorpromazine ; Exotropia ; Oxazepam ; Strabismus