No abstract available.
Crowns*

No abstract available.
Vulva*

In general. femoral neck fracture in young adult presents poor prognosis due to the high velocity injury, high angle shear fracture, and poor candidate for arthroplasty. In addition to the relative rarity of the injury, the high incidence of aseptic necrosis and nonunion have been reported in the management of these fractures. 25 cases of femoral neck fracture in young adult were treated with multiple pinning and analyzed at Sung-Ae general hospital from 1987 to 1994 after 28 months follow up in average with review of charts, X-ray and clinical result. There were 18 male and 7 female, 5 cases of them had significant polytrauma to other organs or skeletal system, authors tried to treat them as soon as possible to decrease the interval time between fracture and fixation (the average time was 39.7 hours.) Union occurred in all of Garden stage I (4 cases) and II (4 cases), but in Garden stage III (7 among 8 cases) and IV (7 among 9 cases) the union rate was lower. Average union time was 16.5 weeks. The incidence of complications (12%, 3 among 25 cases) was higher in displaced fractures group (Garden stage III, IV) and also in poorly reduced group of Garden’s alignment index. In conclusion, the prognosis of femoral neck fractures in young adult was related with mainly initial reduction and rigid fixation than the initial injury.
Agriculture ; Arthroplasty ; Female ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur Neck ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Multiple Trauma ; Necrosis ; Prognosis ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Broad Ligament* ; Female ; Leiomyosarcoma*

No abstract available.
Diverticulum*

In the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity, it is necessary to coagulate retina including inner retinal layer to achieve regression. However, diode laser has long wavelength, thus damage to bruch`s membrane or choroid can occur when one attempts to coagulate whole retinal layers. We evaluated whether or not we could coagulate whole retinal layer without damage to Bruch`s membrane or choroid in rabbit eyes with indirect diode laser ophthalmoscopy. We palaced laser spots on retina of pigmented rabbits with various laser powers(150, 300, 500mW) and durations(0.3, 0.5, 1.0 second). Fundus photographs were taken immediately after photocoagulation. then we took fundus photographs and enucleated the eyes at one day, one week, 3 weeks, and 5 weeks after photocoagulation to perform pathologic examination. With laser setting of 150mW and 0.3 second, the coagulated retina revealed damaged outer layer but inner retinal layer was spared. We could coagulate whole retinal layer without any damage to Bruch`s membrane or choroid with laser power of 300mW and 0.3 second duration. In 300mW, 0.5 second laser burns and 500mW, 0.3 second burns, internal limiting membrane remained intact while Bruch`s membrane and whole retinal layers were damaged We found whole layer rabbit retina could be coagulated without damage to Bruch`s membrane and choriocapillaries with indirect diode laser opthalmoscopy. and we think it would be necessary to adjust laser power and duration in clinical situation to minimize possible deep tissue injury by diode laser.
Burns ; Choroid ; Lasers, Semiconductor* ; Light Coagulation* ; Membranes ; Ophthalmoscopy* ; Rabbits ; Retina* ; Retinaldehyde ; Retinopathy of Prematurity

BACKGROUND: Echocardiographically detected left ventricular(LV) hypertrophy is a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. A better understanding of the determinants of LV mass may aid in strategies directed toward the promary and secondary prevention of LV hypertrophy and its consequences. Previous studies have reported that male gender, arterial blood pressure(BP), obesity, age, aortic valvular stenosis, dietary sodium, endocrine factors, and physical activity are positively correlated with LV mass. Of these determinants male gender, hypertension, and obesity are well known but age and blood pressure in healthy adults are controversial. To assess the determinants of LV mass, the relation of 2-dimensional(2D) echocardiographically determined LV mass to body mass inedx(BMI), age, sex, casual BP, and 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure(ABP : systolic, diastolic, and mean BP of 24 hour, day-time, and night-time) was examined in healthy adults. METHODS: The study population consisted of 200 healthy adults who were normotensive, nonobese, and had no evidence of cardiovascular disease(range in age from 20 to 69 years, five decades, 20 men and 20 women per each decade). LV mass was derived from area length method measurements obtained by 2D echocardiography and corrected for height. ABP monitoring was performend over 24 hour(divided into day-time(6am-10pm) and night-time(10pm-6am)periods) with 30 minute inervals. RESULTS: 1) BMI was significantly and independently related to LV mass corrected for height (p<0.001, partial R2=0.31 in men and 0.43 in women). An increase of BMI by 1 kg/m2increased LV mass corrected for height by 1.9g/m in men and 2.0g/m in women. 2) Age was significantly and independently related to LV mass corrected for height(p<0.001, partial R2=0.15 in men and 0.17 in women). The increments of Lv mass corrected for height per decade were 2.1 g/m in men and 3.4 g/m in women. 3) Gender was significantly and independently related to LV mass corrected for height(p<0.001, partial R2=0.12), which was greater in men than in women by 6.34g/m. 4) Casual Bp and 24 hour ABP were not significantly associated with LV mass corrected for height in total population and women, and 24 hour systolic BP was significantly related to LV mass corrected for height only in men(p<0.001) with weak partial R2(0.05). CONCLUSION: BMI, age, and male gender were statistically significant and independent correlates of LV mass corrected for height(p<0.001). Maintenance of ideal body weight and normal BP, weight reduction in obese persons and BP control inhypertensive patients may contribute to the primary and secondary prevention of LV hypertrophy and its sequalae.
Adult* ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory* ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Echocardiography* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertrophy ; Ideal Body Weight ; Male ; Mortality ; Motor Activity ; Obesity ; Risk Factors ; Secondary Prevention ; Sodium, Dietary ; Weight Loss

Ultrasonography, computed tomography and excretory urography in 25 patients with renal cell carcinoma were reviewed to determine their accuracy in predicting tumor stage. Staging was correct with ultrasonography in 60% of the patients, with computed tomography in 68% and with excretory urography in 40%. There was one patient, in which tumor was not identified on excretory urography. From these results, ultrasonography appears to be a good procedure as computed tomography to evaluate the stage of renal cell carcinomas.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Humans ; Ultrasonography* ; Urography*

STUDY DESIGN: In a prospective study of 38 patients undergoing lumbar pedicle screw instrumentation 200 pedicle hole were tested intraoperatively using electrical stimulation. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the searching stimulus intensity at pedicle in Korean and to identify the most vulnerable root in transpedicular screw fixation of lumbosacral spine. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Electromyelogram(EMG) was monitored from eight lower extremity muscles bilaterally. Constant current stimulation pulses(0.2msec duration) were delivered through a ball-tipped nasopharyngeal probe used to evaluate each pedicle hole, and evaluated for searching stimulus intensity, the current necessary to evoked EMG RESULTS: The searching stimulus intensity above 5 mA were 194 cases(97.0%), above 7mA 151cases(75.5%), above 10 mA 107 cases(53.5%) and below 5 mA were 6 cases(3.0%). The vastus medialis muscle is most sensitive in L2(100%), L3(83.3%), tibialis anterior is in L4(68.4%), peroneus longus is in L5(44.2%) and gastrocnemious is in S1(64.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Stimulus-evoked EMG monitoring is a valuable and efficacious adjunct to lumbar pedicle screw instrumentation. A stimulation threshold greater than 5 mA reliably indicates adequate screw position and the root located at infero-medial side of pedicle is most vulnerab18 in transpedicular screw fixation.
Electric Stimulation ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Muscles ; Prospective Studies ; Quadriceps Muscle ; Spine

No abstract available.
Onychomycosis