A clinical and radiological observation was mde on 167 cases of urolithiasis among the number of 150 patientsduring 1 year and 6 months from June, 1981 to Nov. 1982. The results were summerized as follows. 1. There were 101man and 49 women, a ratio of 2:1. The ages of the patients ranged from 2 to 74 years, showing the highestincidence in 31 to 60 years(68.1%). 2. Locational distributions of urolithiasis were 80 cases (47.9%) in theureter, 66 cases(39.5%) in the kidney, 11 cases (6.5%) in the urethra and 10 cases (5.9%) in the bladder. 3. Amongthe 66 cases of renal stone, pelvis stone was 55 cases (83.3%) with staghorn types in 23 cases(34.8%), andcalyceal stone was 11 cases(16.6%). 4. The location of ureteral stone was 47.5% in lower, 40% in upper ureter and12.5% in mid-ureter. 5. The location of urethra stone was 82% in the anterior urethra and 18% in the posteriorurethra. 6. The chief complain of urolithiasis was flank pain in 59.2%, gross hematuria in 20.3%, renal colic in13.1% ,dysuria in 8.3%, nausea and vomiting in 4.7%, and sudden stoppage of urine stream in 3.5%. 7. Onurinalysis, gross hematuria was found in 54.4%, pyuria in 28.7%, bacteriuria in 23.3%, microscopic hematuria in18.5% and normal in 7.1%. 8. The size of urinary stone was 0.6-2.0cm in length in 105 cases(62.8%). 9. On I.V.P.study of renal stones(66 cases), mild and moderate hydronephrotic changes were detected in38 kidneys(57.5%), andthe relationsip between the urinary stasis and renal stone size was relatively good. 10. On I.V.P. study ofureteral stones(80cases), mild to severe hydronephrotic changes were detected in 64 kidneys(80%). 11. On K.U.B.film, paralytic ileus was found in 25 cases (14.9%). 12. Among the urinary stones, the radiolucent stones weredetected in 8 cases (4.7%). 13. Urinary stones diappeared in 11 cases (6.5%) spontaneously or medical treatment.
Bacteriuria ; Dysuria ; Female ; Flank Pain ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction ; Kidney ; Nausea ; Pelvis ; Pyuria ; Renal Colic ; Rivers ; Ureter ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Calculi ; Urolithiasis ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness and safety of the anterosuperior deltoid splitting approach for fixation of displaced proximal humeral fractures by analyzing the surgical outcomes. METHODS: Twenty-three patients who could be followed-up for at least 8 months after the treatment of displaced proximal humeral fractures through the anterosuperior deltoid splitting approach were enrolled. We evaluated the reduction of the fractures and surgery-related complications at the last follow-up using X-ray results and clinical outcomes comprising the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) scoring system and the Korean Shoulder Society (KSS) score. RESULTS: At the last follow-up of patients treated using the anterosuperior deltoid splitting approach for internal fixation of proximal humeral fractures, we found 22 cases (95.6%) of bone union, a mean UCLA score of 28.3 (range, 15 to 34) and a mean KSS score of 82.1 (range, 67 to 95). Various surgery-related complications were noted; a case of varus malunion after fracture displacement, a case of nonunion, a case of delayed union, two cases of impingement, and a case of partial axillary nerve injury, which recovered completely through the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Plate fixation using the anterosuperior deltoid splitting approach could be another reliable option for treating displaced proximal humeral fractures.
California ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Humerus ; Shoulder ; Shoulder Fractures*

The management of the femoral neck fractures remains a major challenge to the orthopaedic surgeons because there are many critical complications such as non-union and avasular necrosis in spite of the advanced technics of treatment. The posterior comminution of this fracture is known to be an important comtributing factor of these complications as the most important cause of the instalility of reduction after internal fixation as well as difficulty of stable reduction, Authors reviewed 61 cases of the femoral neck fractures which were able to identify the presence or absence of posterior comminution on x-ray or operative findings and were managed at Daegu Fatima Hospital during the 10 years from 1975 to 1984 and the following results were obtained. 1. The incidence of posterior comminution in 61 femoral neck fractures was 56% in x-rays of lateral view and operative findings. 2. Open reductions were performed in 31% of 39 cases in which reductions were necessary for internal fixation and 43% of the fractures with posterior comminution were unstable to reduce by closed method while 88% of the fractures without postrior comminution were reduced by closed method. 3. The positions of reductio were in valgus in 46% and anatomic in the rest of cases and valgus reductions were more common in the cases of posterior comminution. 4. Loss of the reduction after internal fixation noted in 48% of the fractures with posterior comminution and 9% without posterior comminution. 5. 77% of the fractures united including 14% of mal-union and the late complication of non-union noted in 14% and avascular necroris in 9% in 35 cases which were followed for over 1 year. 6. The normal unions were more common in the fractures without posterior comminution, the cases of open reduction and the reduction in valgus position. 7. Most of the mal-unions and non-unions noted in the fractures with posterior comminution, the cases of closed reduction and the reduction in anatomic position. 8. These results suggest that the posterior comminution of the femoral neck fracture causes considerable instability and the better results could be expected in the femoral neck fractures with posterior comminution by the reduction in valgus and by the open reduction if necessary.
Clinical Study ; Daegu ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Incidence ; Methods ; Necrosis ; Surgeons

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cervix Uteri* ; Collagen Type IV* ; Female ; Laminin*

Emphysematous cystitis is a rare condition characterized by gas collection in the wall and lumen of the bladder. We experienced three cases of emphysematous cystiris. All patients were female; one was associated with a long term history of diabetes mellitus and another with urinary indwelling catheter. All of the cases were easily diagnosed on plain radiograph and CT scan, and were successfully treated with antibiotic therapy. In one of the cases, however, associated abscess due to perivesical extension of inflammation was treated by combined external drainage.
Abscess ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Cystitis* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Drainage ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Urinary Bladder

On this study, silicone intubation was performed for punctal stenois in 10 patients(group 1), incomplete nasolacrimal duct obstruction in 47 patients (group 2), and complete nasolacrimal duct obstruction in 18 patients(group 3) in adults. Silicone tube was removed between 3-6 months(mean 5.7 months) after intubation. Mean follow-up period of 9.5 months, 9 patients(90%)in group 1,39 patients(83%)in group 2,and 8 patients(44%) in group 3 showed no epiphora, and 1 patient(10%)in group 1, 8 patients (17%) in group 2, and 4 patients(22%) in group 3 showed intermittent epiphora. 6 patients(33%) in group 3 showed persistent epiphora. In summary, silicone intubation can be an alternative to dacryocystorhinostomy in selected adult patients who have punctal stenosis and incomplete obstruction of nasolacrimal duct system. It is safe, and less traumatic with high success rate in these patients.
Adult* ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Dacryocystorhinostomy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intubation* ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases ; Nasolacrimal Duct* ; Silicones*

In order to evaluate the effect of fluconazole on Candida albicans induced keratitis, an experimental study was conducted on 30 rabbits. After 4 days of inoculation with Candida albicans on rabbit cornea, animals were divided into three treatment groups: daily treatment with a single oral dose of 50mg fluconazole(group 1); topical therapy with 0.3% fluconazole solution 6 times a day(group 2); control animals without any medical treatment(group 3). The rabbits were treated for 28 days following completion of Candida albicans inoculation, and the severity of keratitis was examined with a slit lamp biomicroscope every two days throughout the treatment period. After the treatment, animals were sacrified and histopathological study of the corneas were per formed. Animals in group 1 and 2 showed significant improvements in keratitis compared to that of control animals beginning 10 days of treatment(p<0.05). No statistically significant difference between the group 1 and group 2 were noted in response to treatment(p>0.05). Thus, we suggest that fluconazole is effective in treatment of keratitis induced by Candida albicans.
Animals ; Candida albicans* ; Candida* ; Cornea ; Fluconazole* ; Keratitis* ; Rabbits*

Prisms have been used as tools with which to treat and diagnose many diseases in strabismology. But, because of prismatic distortion and dispersion, the visual acuities are declined. The purpose of this study is to show the relationship between prismatic effect and visual acuity degradation. Visual acuities were measured through a series of prisms of CR-39 to quantify the blur induced by prism. The mean visual acuities of myopias and amblyopias(with or without correction), and emmetropias were reduced as prism diopters were increased. The declines were linear. There was no significant difference among the declines of visual acuities of each group. Whenever to prescribe prisms and to test with prisms, we should remind that prisms could reduce visual acuities.
Emmetropia ; Myopia ; Visual Acuity*

No abstract available.
Carcinoma in Situ* ; Cervix Uteri* ; Female

No abstract available.
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1* ; Interleukin-6* ; Keratinocytes*