Study on 169 patients (87males, 82 females) aged from 21 to 71 years old in order to determine, quantify as well as type hepatitis C virus. Immunoassay was used to detect anti HCV and serotype of HCV from patients’ sera; molecular biology assay was used to detect HCV-RNA (using RT-PCR target the 5’UT region of viral genome), and to quantify the HCV in the patients’ blood (using bDNA). Results: the rate positive HCV-RNA were 70% among 319 cases with anti HCV (+). In 169 cases that have been done serotype tests, the most common serotypes were type 6 (44.38%), followed by type 1 (37.28%). Type 1 is referred as the most difficult to response to the specific treatment. The results of quantitative assay showed that type 1 and type 6 infected patients had high quantity of viremia. From this study, the roles of the molecular biology assays were defined as the very necessary in diagnosis as well as treatment of patients with HCV infection
Hepacivirus ; Diagnosis

Objectives: Osteoporotic fracture is a significant public health burden associated with increased mortality risk and substantial healthcare costs. Accurate and early identification of high-risk individuals and mitigation of their risks is a core part of the treatment and prevention of fractures. Here we introduce a digital tool called 'BONEcheck' for personalized assessment of bone health. Methods: The development of BONEcheck primarily utilized data from the prospective population-based Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study and the Danish Nationwide Registry. BONEcheck has 3 modules: input data, risk estimates, and risk context. Input variables include age, gender, prior fracture, fall incidence, bone mineral density (BMD), comorbidities, and genetic variants associated with BMD. Results: Based on the input variables, BONEcheck estimates the probability of any fragility fracture and hip fracture within 5 years, subsequent fracture risk, skeletal age, and time to reach osteoporosis. The probability of fracture is shown in both numeric and human icon array formats. The risk is also contextualized within the framework of treatment and management options on Australian guidelines, with consideration given to the potential fracture risk reduction and survival benefits. Skeletal age was estimated as the sum of chronological age and years of life lost due to a fracture or exposure to risk factors that elevate mortality risk. Conclusions BONEcheck is an innovative tool that empowers doctors and patients to engage in wellinformed discussions and make decisions based on the patient's risk profile. Public access to BONEcheck is available via https://bonecheck.org and in Apple Store (iOS) and Google Play (Android).