Acute digitalization with ouabain were performed 28 times in 20 intact Mongrel dogs, who were devided into four groups : i.e. 1) Control group; Acute digitalizations were performed to observe the changes of the plasma potassium and sodium concentrations and the concomittent electrocardiographic findings. 2) Group 1;-Electrolyte solution, either KCl or NaCl, was infused during acute digitalization to observe the influences of these ions on the actions of cardiac glycoside, especially arrhythmia producing action. 3) Group 2 ; -The K depleted group and the Na depleted group was each made by the measure of diet control and the usage of oral diuretics to observe the influences of the state of depleted electrolyte (K or Na) on the action of cardiac glycoside during acute digitalization. 4) Group 3 ; -The intravenous infusion of either KCl or NaCl solution was introduced as the cardiac arrhythmia by the ouabain was produced to observe the effects of these ions on the digitalis induced arrhythmia. The results obtained were summarized as follows. (1) The arterial plasma concentration of potassium was increased during acute digitalization. The rise occurred at early stage, and the maximal increase of potassium was observed at the ventricular tachycardia. The average increase was 0.65 mEq/L as compared to control value (p<0.05). The arterial plasma concentration of sodium was reduced during acute digitalization. The fall occurred following the rise of plasma K level. The maximal reduction of sodium was observed after ventricular tachycardia, and the average decrease was 5.2 mEq/L as compared to control value (p<0.05). (2) Rapid increase up to toxic level of the plasma potassium concentration occurred occasionally during acute digitalization in the group with KCl infusion. This result was best explained due to the inhibitory action of cardiac glycoside on the K transport. (3) The interesting change was on T wave, which showed the peaking at late portion. This change occured in 60.6% during digitalization with ouabain, and paralleled mostly, but not consistently and even sometimes inversely, with the shift of plasma potassium concentration. It is tempting to assume that the change of T wave was resulted from an altered potassium gradient across the myocardial cells rather than a ssuming the changes of the plasma K level. (4) Just prior to intoxication, the marked prolongation of PR interval and ST depression were observed in about 70~80% of the cases studied. These changes might be applicable to a clue of the cardiac glycoside overdosage. (5) The intravenous infusion of KCl suppressed markedly the arrhythmia producing action of the cardiac glycoside, and resulted in prompt and dramatic abolishing, of digitalis induced arrhythmia. The intravenous infusion of KCl solution, however, produced A-V block or dissociation occasionally. This finding would be likely resulted from the additive or synergistic action of K and cardiac glycoside in suppressing A-V conducting system. (6) The NaCl infusion affected nothing to the arrhythmia producing action of cardiac glycoside. (7) The K depletion reduced markedly the threshold of the heart to the toxic effects of cardiac glycoside. (8) Potent diuretics in the state of deficient diet would produce clinically significant hypopotassemia and hyponatremia or both. The inducced hypopotassemia may provoke serious cardiac arrhythmia in the digitalized patients or animals.
Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Depression ; Diet ; Digitalis ; Diuretics ; Dogs ; Electrocardiography ; Electrolytes* ; Heart ; Humans ; Hypokalemia ; Hyponatremia ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Ions ; Ouabain ; Plasma ; Potassium ; Sodium ; Tachycardia, Ventricular

No abstract available.
Heart* ; Humans ; Microcomputers* ; Thoracic Surgery*

No abstract available.
Depression* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Animals ; Gene Expression* ; Genes, Immediate-Early* ; Rats*

Fixation failure is a major complication of intertrochanteric fracture. The causes of fixation failure were assessed in a series of 80 patients with intertrochanteric fractures, which had been internally fixed with either a sliding hip screw or a Gamma interlocking nail. The overall rate of fixation failure was 16.3%, in which the cutting-out of the implant from the femoral head was the only cause of the instance. The cutting-out rate was influenced by the accuracy of fracture reduction, the position of implant placement within the femoral head, and the bone mineral density. Anatomical reduction and the central placement of implant within the femoral head showed the most excellent results compared to other treatment modalities. Age, gender, fracture type and a kind of fixation implant had no significant effect. Our results showed that the intertrochanteric fractures should be reduced as anatomically as possible and it is essential that the central placement of the implant within the femoral head be obtained.
Bone Density ; Head ; Hip ; Hip Fractures* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Animals ; Neurons* ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Osteoblasts*

The tissue obtained from transurethral prostatectomies was evaluated histologically and correlated to the clinical findings in 85 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue slides of each patients were examined from 10 to 25 chips. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the following histology: predominantly glandular type (26 patients), predominantly stromal type (24 patients) and mixed type which has equal proportions of glandular and stromal hyperplasia(35 patients). There was no significant difference among the groups in patients age, prostatic size. weight of resected tissue and also no difference was noted in total symptom scores, irritative symptom scores and obstructive symptom scores at preoperative. postoperative and follow-up examination. Preoperatively there was significant difference among the three histologic groups in maximum flow at uroflowmetry, the glandular type had a mean maximum flow of 3.8ml. per second compared to 4.8ml, per second in the stromal type and 2.3ml, per second in the mixed type (p<0.05). But there was no difference at postoperative and follow up period. Acute retention was noted in mixed type predominantly (62.9%). In acute retention patients, preoperatively there was no difference among the groups in total symptom scores and irritative symptom scores, but postoperatively there was significant difference among the groups (p<0.05) Notwithstanding the difference of postoperative time, the differences of total symptom scores and irriative symptom scores among the groups were lost at follow up period. Conclusively, there was no significant difference in symptom scores among the three histologic groups but prevalence of acute retention was high in mixed group. The effect of transurethral resection of prostate according to the histologic type of benign prostatic hyperplasia seemed to be worse in glandular type postoperatively, but there was no significant difference among them at follow-up period.
Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoxylin ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Liver Neoplasms* ; Liver* ; Tissue Donors*

No abstract available.
Aortic Aneurysm*