No abstract available.
Ambulatory Care Facilities* ; Humans ; Outpatients* ; Pharynx*

No abstract available.
Curettage* ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic*

Fractures of the tibial condyles, involving as they do weight-bearing articular surfaces and important soft tissues such as collateral ligaments, cruciate ligaments and semilunar cartilages present a variety of problems in treatment and prognosis. Apley, Slee, and others maintained the opinion that most fractures of the tibial condyles could be managed conservatively. On the other hand, Rombold, Schatzker, and others seemed to consider closed treatment to be virtually a form of therapeutic nihilism and adviced open reduction. But recently most authors agree that the method of treatment has to be selected in each individual case, and recommend anatomical reduction of the fracture as possible and early knee motion. During 7 years period from January 1974 to July 1981, of the tibial condylar fractures treated at the department of orthopaedic surgery, Han Gang Shim Hospital, 41 cases that could be followed have been analysed according to the cause, classification, method of treatment and result. The following results were obtained from the analysis of 41 tibial condylar fractures. l. Of the 41 cases, 34 (83%) were male and 7 (17%) were female. 2. Of the 41 cases, 32 (78%) were due to traffic accident, 25 pedestrian, 7 occupant, 8 (20%) were due to fall from height. 3. Of the 41 cases, 31 (76%) were associated with other injuries. 4. Of the 41 cases, 30 were treated by conservative method with functionally acceptable result in 22 cases (73%) and 11 were treated by open reduction with functionally acceptable result in 9 cases (82%). 5. According to the Hohl and Luck's criteria, acceptable functional result was obtained in 31 (76%) cases.
Accidents, Traffic ; Classification ; Clinical Study ; Collateral Ligaments ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Male ; Menisci, Tibial ; Methods ; Prognosis ; Weight-Bearing

We analyzed the mRNA expression patterns of major potassium channel genes to determine the mechanism of hypokalemia in familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis. We used quantitative RT-PCR to examine the mRNA levels of both inward (KCNJ2, KCNJ6, and KCNJ14) and delayed rectifi er (KCNQ1 and KCNA2) potassium channel genes in skeletal muscle cells from both normal and patient groups, prior to and after exposure to 4 mM and 50 mM potassium buffers. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed no changes in the mRNA levels of these genes in normal and patient cells on exposure to 4 mM potassium buffer. However, after exposure to 50 mM potassium buffer, which was used to induce depolarization, normal cells showed a signifi cant decrease in KCNJ2, KCNJ6, and KCNJ14 expression, but no change in KCNQ1 and KCNA2 expression. In contrast, patient cells showed no change in KCNJ2 and KCNJ6 expression, but an increase in KCNJ14 expression. Furthermore, KCNQ1 and KCNA2 showed decreased expression. We found that the expression levels of both inward and delayed rectifi er potassium channel genes in patient cells differ from those in normal cells. Altered potassium channel gene expression in patient cells may suggest a possible mechanism for hypokalemia in familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis.

BACKGROUND: Recently, a lower incidence of late potentials has been reported in patients with acute myocardial infarction after successful thrombolysis when compared with conventionally treated patients. In another recent study, however, no significant effect of thrombolytic therapy on any abnormal signal average electrocardiography was found at 13 days after acute myocardial infarction. The present study was designed to determine the prognostic significance of the signal average electrocardiography and to evaluate the possible value of this technique as a noninvasive tool for monitoring of coronary occlusion and reperfusion. METHODS: Signal averaging was performed by using a signal average electrocardiography with bidirectional filterings before coronary artery occlusion, at 5 minutes after coronary occlusion and on reperfusion in 20 cats. Three of them died due to malignant ventricular arrhythmia during reperfusion. In all cats, approximately 250 beats were averaged. All data were analysed at filter frequency 25 to 250Hz, 40 to 250Hz and 80 to 250Hz. The following quantitative high resolutional electrocardiographic variables were calculated by computer : 1) filtered total QRS duration, 2) duration of HFLA(high frequency low amplitude) signals under 40uV, 3) RMS voltage of terminal 40ms, 4) mean Voltage of terminal 40ms, 5) average noise voltage. RESULTS: At the filter frequency of 40 to 250Hz and 80 to 250Hz, the filtered QRS duration and duration of HFLA signals 40uV were significantly prolonged at 5 minutes after coronary artery occlusion than before coronary occlusion(p<0.01). At the filter frequency of 40 to 250Hz and 80 to 250Hz, the RMS voltage(terminal 40ms) and mean voltage(terminal 40ms) were significantly prolonged at 5 minutes after coronary artery occlusion than before coronary occlusion(p<0.01, p<0.01 respectively). At the filter frequency of 80 to 250Hz, the filtered QRS duration and at the filter frequency of 25-250Hz, the duration of HFLA signals at 40uV were significantly shortened during reperfusion than at 5 minutes after coronary artery occlusion(p<0.01, p<0.05 respectively). At the filter frequency of 40 to 250Hz and 80 to 250Hz, the RMS voltage(terminal 40ms) and mean Voltage(terminal 40ms) were significantly shortened during reperfusion than at 5 minutes after coronary artery occlusion(p<0.01, p<0.01 respectively). There was no significant change of the filtered QRS duration, duration of HFLA signals 40uV,RMS voltage(terminal 40ms) and mean Voltage(terminal 40ms) after reperfusion compared with those of control at the filter frequency of 25 to 250Hz, 40 to 250Hz and 80 to 250Hz respectively. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the signal average electrocardiography could be a valuable tool for monitoring the state of coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion.
Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Cats* ; Coronary Occlusion ; Coronary Vessels* ; Electrocardiography* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Myocardial Infarction ; Noise ; Reperfusion* ; Thrombolytic Therapy

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the influence of gestational age at exposure on the prenatal effects of gamma-radiation. Pregnant ICR mice were exposed to a single dose of 2.0 Gy gamma-radiation at a gestational 2.5 to 15.5 days post-coitus (p.c.). The animals were sacrificed on day 18 of gestation and the fetuses were examined for mortality, growth retardation, change in head size and any other morphological abnormalities. The only demonstrable effect of irradiation during the preimplantation period was an increase in prenatal mortality. Resorptions were maximal on post-exposure day 2.5 after conception. The pre-implantation irradiated embryos which survived did not show any major fetal abnormalities. Small head, growth retardation, cleft palate, dilatation of the cerebral ventricle, dilatation of the renal pelvis and abnormalities of the extremities and tail were prominent after exposure during the organogenesis period, especially on day 11.5 of gestation. Our results indicate that the late period of organogenesis in the mouse is a particularly sensitive phase in terms of the development of the brain, skull and extremities.
Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced/*pathology ; Animals ; Bone and Bones/abnormalities/radiation effects ; Female ; Fetal Death ; *Gamma Rays ; *Gestational Age ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal/*radiation effects ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects

Recurrence after thoracoscopic surgery for primary spontaneous pneumothorax is a lingering problem, and many intraoperative methods to induce pleural symphysis have been introduced. We analyzed the effects of chemical pleurodesis during thoracoscopic procedures. Between August 2003 and July 2005, 141 patients among indicated surgical treatment for primary spontaneous pneumothorax in two hospitals of our institution allowed this prospective study. The patients were randomly assigned to 3 groups: thoracoscopic procedure only (group A, n=50), thoracoscopic procedure and pleurodesis with dextrose solution (group B, n=49), and thoracoscopic procedure and pleurodesis with talc-dextrose mixed solution (group C, n=42). There was no significant difference in demographic data among the three groups. The two groups that underwent intraoperative pleurodesis had significantly longer postoperative hospital stays (A/B/C: 2.50+/-1.85/4.49+/-2.10/6.00+/-2.58 days; p=0.001) and a higher incidence of postoperative fever (A/B/C: 10.0/22.45/52.38%; chi-square= 21.598, p=0.00). No significant differences were found for recurrence rates or the number of postoperative days until chest tube removal. Therefore, the results of our study indicate that intraoperative chemical pleurodesis gives no additional advantage to surgery alone in deterring recurrence for patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Thus, the use of such scarifying agents in the operating room must be reconsidered.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Glucose/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Pleurodesis/*methods ; Pneumothorax/*surgery/*therapy ; Prospective Studies ; Talc/*pharmacology ; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted/*methods ; Treatment Outcome

A 15-year-old male was admitted with right-sided chest pain and cough for one month. On chest computed tomographic scan, a 10 x 15 x 16 cm-sized huge mediastinal mass was occupied in the right hemithorax. Radiologically, it seemed that the tumor was severely adhesive on the heart and the superior vena cava. Therefore we decided on chemotherapy and radiotherapy first instead of surgery. The tumor marker was nearly normalized afterwards, but the tumor size was seemed to be bigger on chest tomographic scan. This suggests the growing teratoma syndrome. After the successful resection, he showed symptomatic improvement and is being followed up without any symptoms in an out patient department up to now.
Adhesives ; Adolescent ; Chest Pain ; Cough ; Drug Therapy ; Heart ; Humans ; Male ; Mediastinal Neoplasms ; Radiotherapy ; Teratoma* ; Thorax ; Vena Cava, Superior

Delirium ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Fibula ; Fistula ; Forearm ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Mouth Neoplasms ; Necrosis ; Osteoradionecrosis ; Pneumonia ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Surgery, Oral ; Thigh ; Tissue Donors ; Wound Healing

Cyclophosphamide is clinically useful in treating malignancy and rheumatologic disease, but has limitations in that it induces hyponatremia. The mechanisms by which cyclophosphamide induces water retention in the kidney have yet to be identified. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that cyclophosphamide may produce water retention via the proximal nephron, where aquaporin-1 (AQP1) and aquaporin-7 (AQP7) water channels participate in water absorption. To test this hypothesis, we gave a single dose of intraperitoneal cyclophosphamide to male Sprague-Dawley rats and treated rabbit proximal tubule cells (PTCs) with 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC), an active metabolite of cyclophosphamide. In the short-term 3-day rat study, AQP1 protein expression was significantly increased in the whole kidney homogenates by cyclophosphamide administration at 48 (614 +/- 194%, P < 0.005), and 96 (460 +/- 46%, P < 0.05) mg/kg BW compared with vehicle-treated controls. Plasma sodium concentration was significantly decreased (143 +/- 1 vs. 146 +/- 1 mEq/L, P < 0.05) by cyclophosphamide 100 mg/kg BW in the long-term 6-day rat study. When primary cultured rabbit PTCs were treated with 4-HC for 24 hours, the protein expressions of AQP1 and AQP7 were increased in a dose-dependent manner. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed no significant changes in the mRNA levels of AQP1 and AQP7 from cyclophosphamide-treated rat renal cortices. From these preliminary data, we conclude that the proximal nephron may be involved in cyclophosphamide-induced water retention via AQP1 and AQP7 water channels. Further studies are required to demonstrate intracellular mechanisms that affect the expression of AQP proteins.
Absorption ; Animals ; Aquaporin 1 ; Aquaporins ; Cyclophosphamide ; Factor IX ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Kidney ; Male ; Nephrons ; Plasma ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Proteins ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Retention (Psychology) ; RNA, Messenger ; Sodium ; Water