The 213 first ribs Koreans were measured and morphologically studied. The results were as follows. 1. On average, the internal straight length of the first rib was 53.7mm (male), 49.9mm (female) ; the external straight length was 79.7mm (male), 75.4mm (female), the maximum straight length was 87.4mm (male), 81.2mm (female) ; the breadth was 15.2mm (male), 14.4mm (female) ; and the thickness was 5.5mm (male), 5.4mm (female). 2. The proportion of the scalene tubercle to the costal breadth was 0% to 90% (average 37%). 3. The incidence of the presence of the groove for the first thoracic nerve was 7.5%. 4. The common shapes of the articular surface of the head were ball-shape(41%), cylinder-shape (25%) and plane-shape (25%) ; and those of the tubercle were cylinder-shape (44%), saddle-shape (31%) and socket-shape (14%).
Head ; Incidence ; Ribs* ; Thoracic Nerves

A case of a clinical syndrome of selective hereditary complete IgA deficiency with partial T-lymphocyte inactivation is reported. A 14 year old boy was admitted with chjef complaint of persistent wide shallow ulcerated non-vesicular patches on the skin folds of whole body, chronic upper respiatory infections and gastointestinal upsets. General appearance showed us as if the undemourished or malabsorption status had been accompanied. The duration of illness was about 10 years under the incorrect or mistaken diagnosis and skin lesions have incompletely responded to the treatment. Peripheral T-lymphocyte determination was carried out by the method of Wybran to be tumed out active T-cell 14%, total T-cell 48%. Tuberculin test showed negative with 5 TU. Immunoglobulin values were respectively as follows: IgG 325 mg%, IgM 60 mg%, and IgA trace. And we diagnosed this case as selective IgA defiency with partial T-lymphocyte inactivation. We started the immunochemotherapy with tuberculo-protein complex, Tubercin-3 and antibictics for 2 months. After 2 months with above regimen. the skin lesions were markedly improved. T-cell count also retumed to the normal limit(active 35%, total 59%) and levels of TgG and IgM raised(IgG 617.5 mg%, IgM 75mg%), but IgA still showed trace amount, Tuberculin test tumed out positive.
Adolescent ; Dermatitis* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; IgA Deficiency* ; Immunoglobulin A* ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Immunoglobulins ; Lymphocytes* ; Male ; Skin ; T-Lymphocytes ; Tuberculin Test ; Ulcer

The fracture of the tibial condyle involving the articular surface can produce some disability of the knee joint because it is frequently accompanied by soft tissue injury to the ligaments and menisci. Accurate anatomical reduction and rigid internal fixation with early mobilization is known to provide good results. The authors analysed 50 cases of the fracture of the tibial condyle which were treated with recent method(anatomical reduction, rigid fixation and early joint motion) at the Dae Han Hospital from January, 1988 to May, 1993. The results were summerized as follows: 1. The associated injuries were ligamentous injury in 24 cases(48%), fibular fracture in 21 cases(42%), femur fracture in 7 cases(14%) and meniscal injury in 7 cases(14%). 2. According to Hohl's classification, the split compression type was most common in 17 cases(34%), and there were 14 comminuted type(28%), 8 local compression type(16%), 7 total condylar compression type(14%) and 4 split type(8%). 3. Method of internal fixation were plate & screw in 32 cases(64%), tibial bolt & screw in 18 cases(36%), bone graft in 31 cases(62%), ligament repair in 24 cases(48%) and menisectomy in 4 cases(8%). 4. The clinical result by Insall's criteria were excellent in 37 cases(74%), good in 8(16%), fair in 3(6%), poor in 2(4%) among 50 cases.
Classification ; Early Ambulation ; Femur ; Joints ; Knee Joint ; Ligaments ; Methods ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Transplants

Colles' fracture is a common injury encountered in emergency departments. Despite the frequent experience of every orthopedic surgeon with Colles' fracture, considerable variation remains in the treatment of fracture of the distal radius. Everyone nearly agress that reduction of the fracture is not difficult, but maintenance of reduction is the problem. Eighty patients with Colles' fracture were treated with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning under the C-arm fields and followed up more than 1 year, from January 1990 to May 1993 at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dae Han Hospital. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The fractures were classified according to the system of Gartland and Werley. Of the 80 cases, 12(5%) were type 1; 25(31%) type 2; and 43(54%) type 3. 2. Complications were such as; temporary neuropathy of median nerve 2 cases, redisplacement 2 cases, radiocarpal arthritis 1 cases, stiff hand 1 case and shoulder hand syndrome 1 case. 3. The overall assessment showed exellent in 29 patients(36.2%), good in 44 patients(55,0%) and poor in 7 patients(8.8%) under the subjective and objective criteria of Gartland and Werley and the objective criteia of Scheck. 4. The results were mainly correlated with maintenance of an anatomical reduction. 5. The percutaneous pinning was suitable for anatomical restoration and maintence, had less com plication and more advantage such as the early range of joint and simple technique. Conclusively, it was considered to be one of ideal method for the treatment of Colles' fracture in selected cases.
Arthritis ; Colles' Fracture ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Hand ; Humans ; Joints ; Median Nerve ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Radius ; Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy

The variations of the sigmoid sinus were studied in 50 Korean adults (average age 67). The classification of the shape and a measurement of the diameters of the sinus were done and the morpological. 1. The shape was classified into 4 types, and the round type was the most common in both sides. S shaped type was below 10% in both sides. 2. The breadth was regular in 54% of the right and in 70% of the left sinuses. According to the breadth change, the shape was classified into 4 shapes. 3. The average diameter was 8.6mm on the right side and 7.2mm on the left side. 4. Symmetry was present in 16% of all. 5. The right transverse sinus was absent in 1 case (2%) and the superior petrosal sinus did not open into the sigmoid sinus in 2 cases (4%). 6. Petrosqamous sinus was observed in 16%.
Adult* ; Classification ; Colon, Sigmoid* ; Humans

BACKGROUND: To evaluate depressure effect and safety of delapril, a new ACE inhibitor, in Korea. METHOD: Thirty three patients, aged 37-69, with mild to moderate essential hypertension were first observed for 2 weeks with placebo followed by administration of 15mg of delapril twice daily for 2 weeks, then doubled dosage to 30mg b.i.d. and combined with 25mg of dihydrochlorothiazide if optimal BP were not obtained at the end of 4th week, continued the same dose until the end of 10 week's trial period. RESULT: BP dropped 15/9mmHg inaverage at the end of 10th week rewarding 70% of cumulative effectiveness. Most frequent side reaction was dry cough, occurred in 9% of patients followed by chest tightness, headache, constipation and transient elevation of GPT. CONCLUSION: Delapril 15-30mg twice daily as monotheraphy or combined with diuretics is well tolerated and effective in the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension.
Constipation ; Cough ; Diuretics ; Headache ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide ; Hypertension* ; Korea ; Reward ; Thorax

No abstract available.
Brain Stem* ; Brain* ; Serotonergic Neurons*

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Arteries* ; Humans

The effects of intravenous Verapamil administration on ventricular function were evaluated using grated radionuclide ventriculography in 15 patients with essential hypertension. Verapamil(0.1mg/kg) was injected as a bolus for 2 minutes followed by an infusion of 0.007mg/kg/min. Heart rate, blood pressure, ejection fraction, peak ejection rate, total filling time, and prak filling rate were assessed before and after Verapamil administration. The results were was as follows ; 1) Verapamil administration increased heart rate from 63+/-5 to 75+/-9 beats/min(p<0.01) and reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure from 156+/-17/99+/-6mmHg to 139+/-16/88+/-6mmHg(p<0.01). 2) Ejection fraction, peak ejection rate, and total filling time were not changed significantly after Verapamil injection. 3) Right and left ventricular peak filling rate increased significantly only in patients in whom it was subnormal in the basal study) from 1.6+/-0.4 to 2.3+/-1.1 end-diastolic volumes/s, p<0.05 and from 2.5+/-0.6 to 3.1+/-0.8 end-diastolic volumes/s, p<0.05, respectively). In conclusion, it was found that intravenous Verapamil administration enhances ventricular diatolic function in patients with essential hypertension.
Blood Pressure ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Radionuclide Ventriculography ; Ventricular Function ; Ventricular Function, Right* ; Verapamil*

The postmortem stature was measured in 57 Korean adult males (age range: 20-86 years old, mean: 52.3 years old) in supine position. After dissection of the corpses, we measured the maximum length of the remaining limb-bones (humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia and fibula). The correlation coefficients between the stature and each limb-bone length were calculated. Simple regression equations for estimating stature from each limb-bone length and multiple regression equations from the combination of limb-bone lengths were also obtained.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Body Height* ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology* ; Extremities/anatomy & histology* ; Human ; Male ; Middle Age ; Regression Analysis