Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) playing an important role in e cell-mediated immune response kill the target cells by the special contact-dependent mechanism. It has been known that CTL and NK cells utilize two different pathways in removing specific target cells: apoptotic cell death and osmotic lysis by the pore forming protein. Interaction of CTL with target cells results in the ligand-induced, receptor-mediated, nonsecretory lytic process and lethal hit is delivered by the transducing molecule, Fas (CD95, APO-1), one of the TNFR/NGFR superfamily. In addition, ligation of TNF receptor and CD40 also induced the apoptosis of B cell and epithelial cells. However, recognition of target cells, the triggering mechanism, cytotoxic mediators, internal metabolic pathway and signal transduction behind apoptosis remain undefined and have been elucidated only in part. ...continue...
Apoptosis* ; Cell Death ; Epithelial Cells ; Genistein ; Ice ; Killer Cells, Natural ; Ligation ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic*

No abstract available.
Drug Therapy* ; Humans ; Mouth Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Drug Therapy* ; Humans ; Mouth Neoplasms*

Animals ; Periosteum ; Rats ; Skull

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: Regular cancer screening for workers can help prevent cancer or allow early treatment, and is thus beneficial in improving health, reducing costs, and increasing companies' productivity. However, there has been little research on cancer screening rates of workers and related factors. The purpose of this study was to identify cancer screening rates and relevant factors among manufacturing workers. METHODS: Using a questionnaire, data were collected from 335 workers aged over 40 years recruited from seven manufacturing companies. The collected information included cancer screenings (stomach, colorectal, breast, and cervical), attitude towards cancer screening, and demographic and job characteristics. RESULTS: 72.5% of workers received stomach cancer screening (SCS), and 43% received colorectal cancer screening (CRCS). Among 86 women, 68.6% received breast cancer screening and cervical cancer screening. The attitude towards cancer screening was 29.5+/-3.78. Workers aged over 51, married, and those working in mobile manufacturing were more likely to have undergone SCS. Workers aged over 51, married, those working in mobile manufacturing, those in workplaces with more than 1,001 employees, and those with more positive attitudes toward cancer screening were more likely to have undergone CRCS. Finally, attitude affected cervical cancer screening. CONCLUSION: Workers in small-sized workplaces had lower cancer screening rates. Thus, follow-up research should assess the health environment of workplaces and develop educational programs on cancer screening that reflect attitudes towards screening.
Aged ; Breast Neoplasms ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Efficiency ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

No abstract available.
Pulmonary Aspergillosis*

No abstract available.
Rheumatic Diseases* ; Spondylarthropathies

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cleft Lip ; Cleft Palate ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Consensus ; Humans ; Infant ; Leukocyte Count ; Male ; Palate ; Surgery, Oral

This study examined the expression of the bcl-2 protein in 59 cases of transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) of the bladder and evaluated the relationship of bcl-2 and p53 with apoptosis. The cases were divided into 41 low-grade TCCs, 18 high-grade TCCs, 32 superficial TCCs, and 27 invasive TCCs. p53 and bcl-2 protein were detected by the immunohistochemical method and apoptosis was analysed by using hematoxylin-eosin stained slide. The results were as follows: bcl-2 protein was detected in 8 (14%) TCCs and all of these cases were low grade TCCs. Expression of bcl-2 protein was not correlated with clinical stage. There was no correlation between bcl-2 and p53 protein. According to the immunohistochemical results of bcl-2 and p53 protein, the cases were divided 4 groups. Apoptotic index (AI) was higher in p53 positive/ bcl-2 negative group than other groups but the significance was recognized only between p53 positive/bcl-2 negative group and p53 negative/bcl-2 negative group (p<0.05). p53 protein was detected in 20 (36%) TCCs and its expression was correlated positively with histologic grade and clinical stage (p<0.05). AI correlated positively with histologic grade and clinical stage (p<0.01). These data indicate that overexpression of bcl-2 protein is rare in TCC of the bladder and associated with low grade TCCs. Overexpression of p53 is associated with the tumor progression in the TCCs. AI correlates with p53 positivity but does not correlate with bcl-2 positivity.
Apoptosis* ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Urinary Bladder*