No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Maxillary Sinus* ; Oroantral Fistula*

PURPOSE: Delirium in the elderly is common in the postoperative period but there are only few reports on detailed studies of this condition. Number of urologic patients with postoperative delirium was increas ed in our hospital for recent 24 months. The clinical characteristics of patients with postoperative delirium was analyzed retrospectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We selected the patients with postoperative delirium from 1010 patients who had undergone urological surgery under general or spinal anesthesia in the period from Jan. 1997 to Dec. 1999. Diagnosis of postoperative delirium was established with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DAM-III-R) by psychiatric clinicians. Onset and recovery of symptoms, risk factors, previous psychiatric clinicians. Onset and recovery of symptoms, risk factors, previous psychiatric disorder, relationship with anesthesia, drugs, and surgical procedures, concomittant medical conditions, and complications were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Postoperative delirium was observed in 13 patients (1.3%). All patients were male and mean age was 70.4 years (46-86 years). Surgical procedures included TURP(8 patients), cystectomy (3 patients), nephroureterectomy (1 patient), and bladder rupture repair (1 patient). Delirium became apparent between one day and two days after the operation (mean 32.2 hours) and lasted for up to 7 days (mean 53 hours). Several factors such as older age (>65 years), male patient, longterm medication, past history of CVA, memory impairment, hearing difficulty, traumatic brain contusion, and obsessive personality were thought to be risk factors of postoperative delirium. Treatment with Haloperidol(R) intramuscular injection (2.5-5mg, every 30 minutes, 2-4 times until symptom resolution was achieved) with or without Ativan(R) intravenous injection (2mg) were effective. Complete symptom recovery was seen in 92.3% (12/13) of patients. One patient (7.7%) with previous history of dementia had persistent memory disturbance and disorientation during follow-up periods. CONCLUSIONS: Generally, postoperative delirium is an acute transient confusional state without considerable sequeles. Treatment is sedation and prevention of inadvertent accident associated with confusional state. Urologic surgeon must be attentive to the development of this illness especially when high risk factors were present.
Aged ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Brain Injuries ; Cystectomy ; Delirium* ; Dementia ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hearing ; Humans ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Injections, Intravenous ; Male ; Memory ; Postoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Rupture ; Urinary Bladder

Mushroom poisoning widely reported in Oriental and Western literature, is typically caused by accidental ingestion of toxic mushrooms that resemble edible mushrooms. Reports about poisoning due to species of Omphalotus, Amanita, Clitocybe, and other toxic mushroom species have been reported; toxicity depends on the mushroom species and the amount of toxin, which varies according to the climatic and environmental conditions. Symptoms of poisoning, such as unspecific nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, as well as intestinal, hepatic and renal toxicities, also vary according to the mushroom species. Most patients recover with anti-muscarinic therapy and supportive care for nonspecific symptoms; however some cases of poisoning are fatal in children and elderly people. We report a case of sudden death due to mushroom poisoning in a 74-year-old woman, with hemorrhagic enteritis.
Agaricales* ; Aged ; Amanita ; Child ; Death, Sudden ; Diarrhea ; Eating ; Enteritis* ; Female ; Humans ; Mushroom Poisoning* ; Nausea ; Poisoning ; Vomiting

A few cases of reticulate acropigmentary disorders have been reported in Korea. Most of them were reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura, but not acropigmentation symmetrica of Dohi. A 21 year-old male patient diagnosed as acropigmentation symmetrica of Dohi had been previously treated with various treatment methods unsuccessfully. Re-treatment with the Q-switched alexandrite laser(755 nm, 100nsec) showed a temporary improvement but a relapse of the lesion was experienced again. We describe a case of acropigmentation symmetrica of hi treated with the Q-switched alexandrite laser.
Humans ; Korea ; Lasers, Solid-State* ; Male ; Recurrence

Post-menopausal osteoporosis is known to be related to estrogen deficiency. The purpose of this experimental study is to investigate whether or not estrogen administration can prevent or retard the process of osteoporosis induced by oophorectomy in rats. Fifty-two Sprague-Dawley rats, aged five months, were separated into three groups. Group 1 (4 rats) was control group that had sham operation without oophorectomy. Goup 2 (32 rats) was another control group that had bilateral oophorectomy alone. Group 3 (16 rats) was experimental group that had estradiol administration from the fourth week through the eighth week after bilateral oophorectomy. In group 1, all the rats were killed at the fourth week after sham operation. In group 2 and group 3, four rats in each group were killed weekly until the eighth week after oophorectomy. All the animals were subjected to radiological, histological studies on the tibia, ilium, skull, and the sixth lumbar vertebra. Also, histomorphometric measurements were 1. Osteoporotic changes were evident from the fifth week after oophorectomy and increased with time on the radiologic examination in group 2. In contrast, osteoporotic changes were evident from the second week after oophorectomy and progressed with time on the histological and histomorphometric studies in group 2. 2. After administration of estradiol, osteoporotic changes which include thinning of the cortex, decrease of the amount of trabeculae were partially restored on the radiological, histological studies in group 3. 3. Histomorphometric study revealed that the trabecular area percent (the proportion of total area of the trabeculae from the whole metaphyseal area), decreased progressively through the eight week after oophorectomy in gorup 2. Whereas the trabecular area percents of group 3 were higher than those of group 2, but still lower than initial value before oophorectomy. Based on the above observations, estradiol administration appeared to delay the progression of the osteoporotic changes induced by oophorectomy in rats.
Animals ; Estradiol ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Ilium ; Osteoporosis ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ; Ovariectomy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skull ; Spine ; Tibia

No abstract available.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

In order to assess the biocompatibility of domestic dynamic compression plates and screws manufactured at KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technclogy), hematological, serological, histological, and metallurgical studies were carried out on sixty rabbits through thirty-two weeks. The rabbits were divided into two groups, group I: thirty rabbits for KAIST plates and screws, group II: thirty rabbits for Osteo plates and screws. The plate and screws were fixed on the fixed tibial shaft. All the resulg of hematological, serological, histological, and metallurgical study revealed that there were no meaningful differences between the two groups. This, in fact, enco.urages us to use domestic KAIST plates and screws clinically and to develop more complicated designs including total joint replacement system.
Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; Joints ; Rabbits ; Stainless Steel

In vivo and in vitro culture of rat tumor chondrocytes is a good culture model for physiologic, pathologic and biochemical studies of tumor chondrocytes. Human tumor chondrocyte culture is another method, but it is difficult to maintain a cell line and in vivo culture. So called, Swarm Rat Chondrosarcoma, which wss developed spontaneously in a Spra-gue-Dawley rat and maintained by Dr. R. Swarm, can be cultured in vivo and in vitro at the same time. It is easy to maintain Swarm Rat Chondrosarcoma and is said that there are nearly no notable changes in cellular characteristics during consecutive cultures. In this study, in order to establish the basic culture method of rat tumor chondrocytes, the inoculated tumor mass were studied with swarm rat chondrosarcoma cell line which had been preserved at Orthopedic Research Laboratory of the Msssachusetts General Hospital. In vivo culture, injection of digested 1×10(6) cells, 1×10(7) cells and direct inoculation of tumor of mass were done at each 10 Sprague-Dawley rats group and examination was done at postinoculation 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 weeks. In vitro culture, 1×10(6)/ml, 2×10(6)/ml and 4×10(6)/ml concentration cell suspensions were plated at 96-well-plate and observed at 2, 3, 4 and S days with inverted microscope. The results of this study are as follows. 1. In vivo culture, the best result was observed at direct inoculation of tumor fragments among 1×10(6) cells, 1×10(7) cells and direct tumor fragments inoculation. 2. The ideal time of obtaining tumor mass growing in rsts is between 4 to 6 weeks after inoculation. 3. In vitro culture, the proper cell density in 96-well-plate was 1 x 10(6)/ml among 1×10(6)/ml, 2×10(6)/ml snd 4 × 10(6)/ml.
Animals ; Cell Count ; Cell Line ; Chondrocytes ; Chondrosarcoma ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Suspensions

The treatment of supracondylar fracture of humerus in children has so many pitfalls as to be once called "supracondylar dilemma". The authors analyzed the follow-up results of fifty-six displaced extension type supracondylar fractures treated by percutaneous pinning and by open reduction from 1982 to 1989. The mean age was 7.6 years, ranging from three years to fifteen years. Forty three fractures were treated by percutaneous pinning and thirteen by open reduction. According to the modified Flynn's criteria, the results of the treatment by percutaneous pinning were excellent 36%, good 32%, fair 25% and poor 7%, while those of open reduction were 8%, 42%, 8% and 42% , respectively, on average follow up of 1.4 years. Post-operative complications were found in seven cases (16.7%) of percutaneous pinning, and in five cases(38.5%) of open reduction. Poorly chosen surgical approach for open reduction was appeared to be related with unsatisfactory results. We believe that percutaneous pinning was a simple, effective method for treatment of displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus. We agree, however, that open reduction is still indicated if manipulative reduction before pinning is unacceptable, or if the fracture is complicated by neurovascular or open injury.
Child ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Humerus ; Methods