BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is increasing cause of cancer-related mortality among Korean women. Early detection and treatment are the most important strategy for reducing breast cancer mortality. Despite of its importance as a early detection method, a low percentage of women practice breast self-examination(BSE) regularly. The aim of this study was to describe the effectiveness of patient education on performing BSE regularly and to identify predisposing factors associated with these activities. METHODS: Sixty-six women who did not have experience in BSE in the past were randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group. We taught BSE knowledge and skill about BSE using breast models and audiovisual equipment for experimental group in patient education class. Women in control group, however, were simply educated by their physician about BSE knowledge and skill with only educational booklet during their outpatient visits. We observed the difference in regular BSE performance proportion between two groups 6, 12 months later and analyzed the predisposing factors affecting on the education effect. Direct and telephone interview methods were used to gather the information. Data were analyzed with t-test, x2analysis and logistic regression using SAS 6.10, EGRET program. RESULTS: There were no differences in sociodemographic characteristics between study groups. They were followed for 12 months. At follow-up after 6 months 44.1% of women performed BSE regularly among experimental group and 18.8% of women did it among control group(OR=3.4, 95% Cl 1.1-10.4, p<0.05). At follow-up after 12 months proportion of women performed BSE regularly in experimental group(28.6%) was slightly higher than that of control group(22.2%), but that difference was not statistically significant. The prevalence of performing BSE regularly was higher among women who had experience in periodic health examination(OR =6.0, 95% Cl 1.9-18.8, p<0.01), who had experience in mammography(OR =4.0, 95% Cl 1.0-15.6, p<0.05). And the prevalence of performing BSE regularly also was higher among women who were older than 40 years old, married, had experience in cervical Pap. smear, had knowledge about BSE before education, have done exercise regularly, had less number of health risk factors, but without statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: These results showed that of effectiveness of patient education on BSE, if we determine the effectiveness of BSE education with regular performance of BSE, is relatively low among Korean women. We could see, however, that if we use breast models for demonstration in addition to usual educational material, the effectiveness of BSE education can be more effective. We also recognized that effectiveness of BSE education will not be continued for long time without any maintenance strategy. There were lots of predisposing factors which could affect the effectiveness of BSE education positively or negatively. So, family physicians who plan BSE patient education at their clinics must consider these factors.
Adult ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast Self-Examination* ; Breast* ; Causality ; Education* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Logistic Models ; Mortality ; Outpatients ; Pamphlets ; Patient Education as Topic ; Physicians, Family ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors

No abstract available.
Embryonic Stem Cells*

No abstract available.
Fever*

The author list should be corrected.

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Chickenpox ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pregnancy

No abstract available.
Porokeratosis*

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to identify differences between people with narcolepsy and the normal control of delta and theta activity using electroencephalogram (EEG) spectrum analysis of nocturnal polysomnography (PSG). METHODS: Seven narcolepsy patients and seven age-sex matched normal controls underwent PSG and multiple sleep latency tests. Participants' non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep EEGs in PSG was analyzed using a Fast Fourier Transform technique. RESULTS: While NREM delta activity of people with narcolepsy declined during the first three periods of NREM, there was no change during the 4th period of NREM. The increase in NREM theta activity also lasted until the 3rd period of NREM but did not occur during the 4th period of NREM. In comparing sleep parameters, REM sleep latency in the narcolepsy group was significantly shorter than in controls. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that people with narcolepsy are likely to have a delta and theta activity-related sleep disturbance mechanism in NREM sleep.
Electroencephalography ; Eye Movements ; Fourier Analysis ; Humans ; Narcolepsy* ; Polysomnography* ; Sleep, REM ; Spectrum Analysis

BACKGROUND: Molluscum contagiosum is a common viral infect oudisease of the skin and mucous membrane that is caused by a molluscum contagiosum virus(MCV; which belongs to the poxviridae family. One of the characteristic histopathologic findings is an epidermal hyperplasia Porter and Archard reported that this phenomenon might be explained by a virus induced epidermal growth factor (EGF) like polypeptide. There was a report that epidermal prolifeation in viral infection might be modulated by other factors than the virus itself such as local immune response. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the expression pattern of epidermal growth factor receptor and other immunocompetent cells by immunohistochemical stainings. METHOD : We performed iinmunoperoxidase staining on the 11 slaecmens of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded molluscum lesions and 15 specimens of snap frozen mollucum lesions with nine primary antibodies(EGFR, factor XIIIa, CDla, S-100 protein, MAC 387, HLA-IR, CD4, CDS, L26) RESULTS: EGF receptors were strongly expressed in lesional MCV ifect,ed keratinocytes. The number of CDla and factor XIIIa positive dermal dendritic cells were sigtly increased. In inflamed lesions, CD4 and HLA-DR expressions were increased in the dermis and per lesional epidermis. CONCLUSION: This study shows that 1) increased EGFR expression is of MCV infected keratinocytes may be related to the pathogenesis of epidermal hyperplasia. 2) helper T lyrnphocytes may operate in inflamed molluscum lesions.
Dermis ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; Epidermis ; Factor XIIIa ; HLA-DR Antigens ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Keratinocytes ; Langerhans Cells ; Molluscum Contagiosum* ; Mucous Membrane ; Poxviridae ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; S100 Proteins ; Skin

S-100 protein is a mixture of three proteins, that is, S-100 ao(aa), S-100 a(ab) and, S- 100 b(bb). Twenty-two case, of sweat gland tumors were stained with immunoperoxidase technique (ABC method) for the presence of S-100a and b-subunit. Four syringomas, four eccrine poromas, two eccrine porocarcinomas, two ecerine spirdeiomas, one papillary eccrine adenoma, three clear cell hidradenomas, three mixed tumr rs of the skin, two papillary syringocystadenomas, and one cylindroma were included. All specimens were formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded. The results were as follows : 1) The staining patterns of anti-S-100a and b-protein antibodies we e simillar to those of anti-S-100 protein antibody except in eccrine poroma and porocare nomal. 2) In eccrine poroma and porocarcinoma, scattered S-100-positive dendritic cells within tumor cell nests were stained by S-100-protein antibody (3/6), but not by anti-S-100a protein antibody. S-100p is present in normal Langerhans cells. Therefore this finding suggests that these cells niay be Langerhans cells
Acrospiroma ; Adenoma ; Antibodies ; Antibodies, Monoclonal* ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; Dendritic Cells ; Eccrine Porocarcinoma ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Langerhans Cells ; Poroma ; S100 Proteins ; Skin ; Sweat Glands* ; Sweat* ; Syringoma