The present study was carried out to clarify the anatomical changes of lumbar intervertebral discs by aging. Anterior height, posterior height, anteroposterior diameter of intervertebral discs were measured on 512 normal plain lateral radiographs of lumbosacral spine. And the indices of disc wedging and relative disc height were calculated. There was a cephalocaudal gradient of increase in the indices of disc wedging in all age groups. The indices of relative disc height were constant at all lumbar levels. These suggest that the lower disc is more wedge shaped and the height of discs changes in the constant ratio with that of vertebral body.
Aging* ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc* ; Spine

No abstract available.
Incontinentia Pigmenti*

The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of time on shear bond strengths of a light-cured glass ionomer cement and chemically cured resin cement to enamel, and to observe the failure patterns of bracket bondings. Shear bond strength of a light-cured glass ionomer cement were compared with that of a resin cement Metal brackets were bonded on the extracted human bicuspids. Specimens were subjected to a shear load(in an Instron machine) after storage at room temperature for 5 and 15 minutes, after storage in distilled water at 37degrees C for 1 and 35 days. The deboned specimens were measured m respect of adhesive remnant index. The data were evaluated and tested by ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, and t-test, and those results were as follows. 1. The shear bond strength of light-cured glass ionomer cement is higher than that of resin cement at 5 and 15 minutes. 2. The shear bond strengths of both light-cured glass ionomer cement and resin cement increase with time. There was no significant difference in those of both 1 day group and 35 day group. 3. LIght-cured glass ionomer cement is suitable as orthodontic bracket adhesives.
Adhesives ; Bicuspid ; Dental Enamel ; Glass Ionomer Cements* ; Glass* ; Humans ; Orthodontic Brackets ; Resin Cements ; Water

OBJECTIVES: Patient's behavior features are important factors which influences the clinical judgement including diagnosis. However, most psychiatrists build up a picture of patients' behavior from an amalgamation of their own brief observations and nurses' reports, which often lack in the objectiveness. Several behavioral scales have been developed to alleviate this difficulty, but the poor efficiency and reliability of these scales have made them less useful. The recently developed Ward Daily Behavior Scale is an objective tool for evaluating all the daily noteworthy behaviors of patients, and is easily applicable to wide ranges of diagnoses and ages. This study tried to prove the reliability and validity of the Ward Daily Behavior Scale-Korean version. METHODS: The 112 patients, 63 males and 49 females, at a chronic psychiatric inpatient ward were selected as subjects. Experienced and unexperienced nurses rated patients' behaviors independently with the Ward Daily Behavior Scale-Korean version, after observing behaviors of subjects for 8 hours during day duty time. And then we tested the inter-rater reliability, internal consistency, and concurrent validity of this scale. RESULTS: The Ward Daily Behavior Scale-Korean version proved to be both reliable and valid for measuring of behaviors of psychiatric inpatients. CONCLUSIONS: The Ward Daily Behavior Scale-Korean version will be a valuable tool to observe and quantify patients' behavior in psychiatric wards.
Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Male ; Mianserin* ; Psychiatry ; Reproducibility of Results ; Schizophrenia* ; Weights and Measures

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma(EH) is a rare vascular tumor of low-grade malignancy. It was previously described as intravascular bronchioloalveolar tumor (IVBAT). But electron microscopic study and immunohistochemical staining results have proved endothelial origin. Patients are usually asymptomatic and the tumors are found incidentally on routine chest X-rays. Most patients show a slowly progressive clinical course, even though some patients occasionally die as results of respiratory failure or extrathoracic complications. Confirmative diagnosis is made through thoracoscopic or open-lung biopsy. There is still no effective therapeutic modality for pulmonary EH. We have experienced a 55-year-old woman whose simple chest x-ray film revealed bilateral multiple small nodules. The nodules were histopathologically and immunohistochemically diagnosed as primary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the lung. The possibility of metastatic disease was excluded thorough clinical, laboratory and radiological studies. Comparison of radiographic chest film taken 3 years ago showed no significant progression of the pulmonary nodular lesions. Conservative management was instituted and careful 4 months follow-up showed no significant changes.
Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid* ; Humans ; Lung ; Middle Aged ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Thorax ; X-Ray Film

Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by non-caseating granulomas of unknown origin. Of the fewer than 6% of sarcoidosis cases that occur in subcutaneous tissue, most occur on the face or forearm, but rarely in the toe. A 33-year-old man was admitted to our institute with a 2-cm mass on his chin and a 0.5-cm mass on his right fourth toe. Based on preoperative ultrasonography, epidermal cysts were suspected, and histopathological tests were performed after removing the masses. Histopathologically, the chin and toe tissue samples showed chronic granulomatous inflammation, without necrosis, indicative of sarcoidosis. Chest computed tomography revealed a large number of small nodules in both the interlobar fissures and the peribronchial area, and a large number of small lymph nodes in both the hilar and interlobar node areas. On the basis of the histopathologic and imaging findings, the patient was diagnosed with sarcoidosis. This very rare case of sarcoidosis, occurring in both chin and toe, suggests that thorough evaluation is needed to find other mass when we find sarcoidosis in facial area.
Adult ; Chin* ; Epidermal Cyst ; Forearm ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lymph Nodes ; Necrosis ; Sarcoidosis* ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Thorax ; Toes* ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt

Pulmonary mucinous cystic tumor of borderline malignancy is very rare and distinguished from bronchogenic cyst or adenocarcinoma of bronchoalveolar type. We present the case of a 63-year-old woman with a right lower lobe mass, found by chest radiographs. The preoperative diagnosis was made as bronchoalveolar cancer by percutaneous needle aspiration of mass. Right lower lobectomy and lymph node dissections were performed. The lobectomy specimen contained variable sized multilocular cystic mucous masses, filled with mucus. Microscopically, the cystic masses are lined with tall columnar mucinous epithelium but some area contains focal cellular atypism and bronchoalveolar cancer like foci. This foci are lack of cellular atypism consistent with bronchoalveolar cancer cell. After lobectomy the patient has remained free from recurrence and distant metastasis for following 12 months period. Pulmonary mucinous cystic tumor of borderline malignancy appears to have a favorable prognosis and should be distinguished from other lung neoplasms.
Adenocarcinoma ; Bronchogenic Cyst ; Diagnosis ; Epithelium ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lymph Node Excision ; Middle Aged ; Mucins* ; Mucus ; Needles ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Recurrence

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma has a high incidence. However, regional metastasis occurs infrequently because skin cancer is usually recognized and treated early. We report the case of squamous cell carcinoma around the earlobe in a 74-year-old male patient. The cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma invaded ipsilateral parotid gland directly without lymphatic spreading. Wide excision was made with 1.5 cm margin and immediate reconstruction was performed with radial forearm fasciocutaneous free flap. During operation facial nerve was preserved. No recurrence was noted for 5 years and the patient was satisfied with good aesthetic result. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma spreads to the parotid gland usually through lymph nodes and there are few reports of invasive organ damage by direct invasion. We experienced a case of direct invasion to parotid gland without lymph node involvement of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and treated the cancer adequately with wide excision and free flap coverage.
Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Facial Nerve ; Forearm ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Parotid Gland* ; Parotid Neoplasms ; Recurrence ; Skin Neoplasms

Retrobulbar hematoma is one of the major complications following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Symptoms and physical findings include temporary blindness, ophthalmoplegia, mydriasis, ptosis, proptosis and eyelid ecchymosis. Recently, we experienced a rare case of the left Horner's syndrome with compressive optic neuropathy resulting from bilateral delayed retrobulbar hematoma after ESS. There is no literature about the Horner's syndrome as a complication of ESS at present. We hereby present this case with an emphasis on the importance of prevention, identification and management of retrobulbar hematoma.
Blindness ; Ecchymosis ; Exophthalmos ; Eyelids ; Hematoma ; Horner Syndrome* ; Mydriasis ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Optic Nerve Diseases*