BACKGROUND: In Korea, the prevalence of tuberculosis and hepatitis is high, and combined therapy with rifampicin and pyrazinamide is used in tuberculosis, so drug induced hepatitis is not only problem of tuberculosis therapy but also cause of treatment failure. However most of recent reports on drug induced hepatitis during antituberculosis medication have dealt with its pathogenesis and have stressed the biochemical, and histopathological aspects of the disorder, whereas this study was designed primarily to provide information on the clinical features. METHOD: The subjects of study were 1414 patients treated with antituberculosis drugs on the department of chest medicine at National Medical Center during the 5-year 6-month period from January 1, 1988, to June 30, 1993. Retrospective analysis of clinical features for the 29 patients who developed drug induced hepatitis was done. RESULTS: 1) The incidence of antituberculosis drug induced hepatitis was 2.1%. 2) Male to female ratio of antituberculosis drug induced hepatitis was 2:1, but case rates among males and females were not significantly different. 3) Rates of drug induced hepatitis according to age distribution shows the most common incidence between 35 to 49 year old age group, but rates among groups of age were not significantly different. 4) Drug induced hepatitis was most common in the case of moderate advanced Pulmonary tuberculosis(rate is 2.78%), but rates among types of tuberculosis were not significantly different. 5) 18 cases(62%) of antituberculosis drug induced hepatitis patients had no signs or symptoms. In remaining cases, they were nausea, vomiting, jaundice, hepatomegaly, icteric sclera, right upper quadrant -tenderness in order 6) 22 cases(76%) of antituberculosis drug induced hepatitis cases had occurred within the first month. 7) The duration of abnormal liver function was 28±5(Mean±SD), ranged from 5 days to 180 days. 8) One case of antituberculosis drug induced hepatitis died. 9) The levels of abnormal GOT ranged from 64 to 1055U/L and GPT from 68 to 931U/L. CONCLUSION: There are no decided predisposing factors of antituberculosis drug induced hepatitis, so it should be done biochemical monitoring as week as close monitoring for overt signs or symptoms of hepatitis to avoid the development of irreversible hepatic reaction, especially at the treatment of the first month.
Age Distribution ; Causality ; Female ; Hepatitis* ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Incidence ; Jaundice ; Korea ; Liver ; Male ; Nausea ; Prevalence ; Pyrazinamide ; Retrospective Studies ; Rifampin ; Sclera ; Thorax ; Treatment Failure ; Tuberculosis ; Vomiting

PURPOSE: We evaluated the usefulness of the cementless stem in treating hip fracture patients older than 70. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied elderly osteoporotic hip fractures in the neck and intertrochanter area who had received hip arthroplasty with over 2 years of follow up period. Among those, we analyzed the clinical and radiological results of hip arthroplasty with cemented stem (group 1) and hip arthroplasty with cementless stem (group 2). Each group was consists of fifty hips. RESULTS: The mean age at surgery was 75 years and mean follow-up period was 40 months (minimum 24 months). The admission period was 28.68+/-8.8 days for group 1 and 28.05+/-8.7 days for group 2 (p>0.05) and the average operation time was 87+/-21.2 minutes, and 80+/-17 minutes (p>0.05) and the total blood loss was 611+/-141.3 cc and 557+/-120.5 cc (p>0.05) respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in all aspects. One case of pulmonary embolism occurred in group 1. Stem loosening was not observed in both groups at the last follow-up radiologic study. CONCLUSION: The hip arthroplasty with cementless stem for the osteoporotic hip fractures showed a competent results clinically and radiologically in short term follow up as compared with the cemented stem.
Aged ; Arthroplasty ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip ; Hip Fractures ; Humans ; Neck ; Pulmonary Embolism

BACKGROUNDS: It is almost universally accepted that occlusive vascular diseases are best managed by anatomical reconstruction. However, the mortality and the morbidity have limited this operation for patients with high operation risks. In these patients, palliative operations such as extra-anatomic bypass and lumbar sympathectomy, are accepted as useful treatment. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A retrospective study was conducted in 38 patients who underwent palliative operations for occlusive vascular disease at Korea University Guro Hospital between 1996 and 2000. Mean age of the patients was 60.37 +/- 17.65 years, and preoperative diagnoses were atherosclerosis in 32 patients, Buerger's disease in 4 patients, Raynaud's syndrome in 1 patient and SVC syndrome in 1 patient. RESULT: Extra-anatomic bypass(40procedures), lumbar sympathectomy(17), thromboembolectomy(7) and femoral artery graft interposition(1) were performed. Six patients were required reoperation due to graft flow failure or fistula. Three year primary patency rate of entire operations was 78.29 +/- 8.81%, and the correlation between type of operation and patency rate was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Palliative operations for occlusive vascular disease are useful treatment in limited patients with high operation risks or limited life expectancy.
Atherosclerosis ; Diagnosis ; Femoral Artery ; Fistula ; Humans ; Korea ; Life Expectancy ; Mortality ; Palliative Care* ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Sympathectomy ; Thromboangiitis Obliterans ; Transplants ; Vascular Diseases*

BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of subpulmonary effusion is thought to be somewhat difficut more than pulmonary effusion. Clinical course and pathophysiology are thought to be different from typical pulmonary effusion. This study was done for increasing high suspicious index and early diagnosis of subpulmonary effusion. METHOD: Among the patients at dept. of chest medicine, National Medical Center from January 1990 to Dec. 1993, 232 cases of typical pulmonary effusion and 42 cases of subpulmonary effusion were studied. RESULT: 1) The ratio of subpulmonary effusion and typical pulmonary effusion was about 1:5 2) Male to Female ratio was 1:1 in both effusion. 3) Rt. side pleural and subpleural effusion were slightly predominant. 4) Subjective symptoms are chest pain, cough and exertional dyspnea. There is no difference between subpulmonary and typical pulmonary effusion. 5) Duration of symptom was slightly longer in subpulmonary effusion. 6) The most common cases of pleural effusion is tuberculosis in both subpulmonary & typical pulmonary effusion. Non-specific pleuritis was more common in subpulmonary effusion. 7) Pleural effusion was recurred about one fifth in both subpulmonary & pulmonary effusion. CONCLUSION: We studied clinical course and laboratory findings between subpulmonary & pulmonary effusion. However there are no definite difference between subpulmonary & pulmonary effusion. Duration of symptom was slightly longer in subpulmonary effusion. Most common cause was tuberculosis. Non specific pleuritis was more prevalent in subpulmonary effusion.
Chest Pain ; Cough ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pleural Effusion ; Pleurisy ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis

Moyamoya disease is an unusual cerebrovascular disorder characterized by occlusive intimal dysplasia of the distal internal carotid and proximal cerebral arteries as well as other collateral arteries. However,moyamoya diseases are recently being reported as a systemic process.We experienced one case of coronary artery occlusive disease affected by moyamoya disease.The patient was a 35-year-old female,experiencing intermittent NYHA class II dyspnea and exertional chest pain for 6 months and right parest hesi a f or 1 month before admission.Cerebral artery angiogram showed abnormal cerebrovascular systems and confirmed moyamoya disease with cerebral infarction of the left f r ont al l obe. I n cor onar yartery angiogram,left coronary artery was not visualized due to total occlusion of the left main ostium and left coronary blood flow was supplied from normal right coronary artery. CABG was performed with OPCAB.Both internal mammary arteries were used f or LAD and LCx.Intraoperative coronary artery findings showed intimal hyperplasia and no definite thrombi,and nondiseased coronary arteries were good and patent.We concluded that this patient's coronary artery disease was affected by moyamoya disease,and moyamoya disease should be evaluated in the extracerebral cardiovascular system.
Adult ; Arteries ; Cardiovascular System ; Cerebral Arteries ; Cerebral Infarction ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; Chest Pain ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Dyspnea ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Mammary Arteries ; Moyamoya Disease*

A 41-year-old female was admitted to our hospital for self-audible wheezing sound and dyspnea. On past history, she has been suffered from chest discomfort, and treated recurrently by other hospitals. But, there was no symptomatic improvement. A stridor and mixed wheezing sound was auscultated on whole lung field. PFT revealed fixed type or variable intra- & extra-thoracic air way obstructive pattern. By bronchoscopy & bronchogram, we found web-like structure on the distal trachea. A bronchoplasty was performed and the post-operative PFT showed slight improvement & she had no more complaints.
Adult ; Bronchoscopy ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; Respiratory Sounds ; Thorax ; Trachea ; Tracheal Stenosis*

The incidence of colon cancer and cancer-related deaths has been increased in Korea. Because most colon cancers arise from colonic adenomatous polyps, it is important to detect these early and to resect such lesions, and so the incidence of endoscopic polypectomy has increased in Korea since 1970's. At present, conventional colonoscopy is the standard for evaluating the colon, and especially for the screening and treatment of colon tumor. However, the entire colon cannot be visualized during conventional colonoscopy in 5~15% of patients due to a redundant colon, an excessive loop or a history of abdominal surgery. To overcome these difficulties, many radiologic and endoscopic studies have been conducted and there are several recent reports that double balloon enteroscopy has been successfully used in cases of failed conventional colonoscopy. We report here on a case of laterally spreading tumor that was resected with double balloon enteroscopy in a severely redundant colon.
Adenomatous Polyps ; Colon ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Colonoscopy ; Double-Balloon Enteroscopy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Mass Screening

BACKGROUND: Proper construction of vascular access and adequate maintenance are essential for the prognosis of the hemodialysis patients. Though arteriovenous fistula using autogenous vessel is the first of choice, the incidence of arteriovenous fistula using artificial graft is gradually increasing. The aim of this study was to analyse the patency rates between autogenous and artificial fistula, among artificial graft types, according to the accompanied disease. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A retrospective study was conducted on 186 patients who underwent 292 arteriovenous fistula operations for hemodialysis at Korea University Guro Hospital between 1996 and 2000. Mean age of the patients was 54.37+/-12.89years, and the male: female ratio 99:87. RESULT: Among 292 operations, there were 156 autogenous fistula and 116 graft fistula. The other 20 operations were thrombectomy, takedown of graft, revision, and balloon dilatation. Patency rates of autogenous fistula were 92.78+/-2.35% at 1 year and 39.03+/-9.08% at 5 years, and those of graft fistula were 96.09+/-2.22% at 1 year and 16.45+/-10.15% at 5 years. However, there was no statistical significance between the two operations. The patients who had hypertension, diabetes or both had no statistical significance in the patency rate compared to that of patients without underlying disease. In addition, the type of graft used did not affect the patency rate. Second operation was needed in 62 patients and third operation in 31 patients, but their patency rate again had no statistical significance compared to that of the first operation. CONCLUSION: The patency of the artificial graft fistula was comparable to the autogenous fistula, but the patency according to types of graft need to be studied further. Furthermore, the underlying diseases did not affect the fistula patency.
Arteriovenous Fistula* ; Dilatation ; Female ; Fistula ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Prognosis ; Renal Dialysis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Thrombectomy ; Transplants

PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of laparoscopic Burch colposuspension, we reviewed the success rate and subjective satisfaction rate of this operation for female patients with stress incontinence. Materials and Methods: Between Sep. 1995 and Aug. 1999, 126 patients underwent laparoscopic Burch colposuspension. We reviewed 88 patients who had been followed up for more than 3 years. The mean patient age was 51.1 years and 26 of the 88 patients complained of urge incontinence. All were preoperatively assessed with voiding cystourethrography (VCUG), urodynamic study, cystoscopy and stress, emptying, anatomic, protection, and instability (SEAPI) score. Colposuspension was performed with 2 non- absorbable sutures (n=70) or polyprophylene mesh and Tacker (n=18) by the retroperitoneal approach. RESULTS: At the mean follow-up of 56 months, 58 patients (66%) were cured, and 19 patients (22%) showed significant improvements. Sixty one (94.4%) out of 66 patients who had previously required pad protection attained a pad-free status. Urge incontinence disappeared in 15 out of 26 patients, but 8 (9.1%) patients complained of de novo urge incontinence. The pre- operative factors (age, symptom periods, symptom score, abdominal leak point pressure (ALPP) and VCUG findings) made no difference for the success rate. The subjective satisfaction rate was 93%. The mean operation time was 88 minutes and it decreased to 67 minutes after 50 cases. The mean hospital stay was 3.5 days and mean duration of catheterization was 3.7 days. We had 5 (5.68%) cases of complications: two port site bleeding, one peritoneal injury, one respiratory acidosis and one obturator venous bleeding. However, all of them eventually recovered. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic colposuspension revealed good results on the long-term follow-up, as well the operation as being a minimally invasive procedure. There was a 88% success rate, a 93% subjective satisfaction rate and 94% of the patients became pad free.
Acidosis, Respiratory ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Cystoscopy ; Female* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Length of Stay ; Sutures ; Urinary Incontinence* ; Urinary Incontinence, Stress ; Urinary Incontinence, Urge ; Urodynamics

PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of laparoscopic Burch colposuspension, we reviewed the success rate and subjective satisfaction rate of this operation for female patients with stress incontinence. Materials and Methods: Between Sep. 1995 and Aug. 1999, 126 patients underwent laparoscopic Burch colposuspension. We reviewed 88 patients who had been followed up for more than 3 years. The mean patient age was 51.1 years and 26 of the 88 patients complained of urge incontinence. All were preoperatively assessed with voiding cystourethrography (VCUG), urodynamic study, cystoscopy and stress, emptying, anatomic, protection, and instability (SEAPI) score. Colposuspension was performed with 2 non- absorbable sutures (n=70) or polyprophylene mesh and Tacker (n=18) by the retroperitoneal approach. RESULTS: At the mean follow-up of 56 months, 58 patients (66%) were cured, and 19 patients (22%) showed significant improvements. Sixty one (94.4%) out of 66 patients who had previously required pad protection attained a pad-free status. Urge incontinence disappeared in 15 out of 26 patients, but 8 (9.1%) patients complained of de novo urge incontinence. The pre- operative factors (age, symptom periods, symptom score, abdominal leak point pressure (ALPP) and VCUG findings) made no difference for the success rate. The subjective satisfaction rate was 93%. The mean operation time was 88 minutes and it decreased to 67 minutes after 50 cases. The mean hospital stay was 3.5 days and mean duration of catheterization was 3.7 days. We had 5 (5.68%) cases of complications: two port site bleeding, one peritoneal injury, one respiratory acidosis and one obturator venous bleeding. However, all of them eventually recovered. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic colposuspension revealed good results on the long-term follow-up, as well the operation as being a minimally invasive procedure. There was a 88% success rate, a 93% subjective satisfaction rate and 94% of the patients became pad free.
Acidosis, Respiratory ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Cystoscopy ; Female* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Length of Stay ; Sutures ; Urinary Incontinence* ; Urinary Incontinence, Stress ; Urinary Incontinence, Urge ; Urodynamics