BACKGROUND: Arterial blood gas analysis are highly susceptible to preanalytic error due to improper method of obtaining or handling the blood sample before analysis. The error in measurement of blood gas analysis are loss of CO2 by exposure to atmospheric air, effect of anticoagulant itself, temperature difference between the experimental subject and the measuring electrode and metabolic change which occur between blood sampling and measurement. METHOD: To study the effect of the delay in estimation of blood gas and drawn blood on values of blood gas partial pressure and pH. Blood sample were divided into 2 groups according to the method of storage, group I stored at 24~25degrees C(room temperature) under anaerobic condition. ;group II stored at 0~4degrees C(refrigerator) under anaerobic condition. The samples were analyzed by time interval through 180 minutes in each group. RESULTS: The result were as follows: 1) PaO2 decreased significantly after 10 mins in group I, whereas it decreased significantly after 20 mins in group II. 2) PaO2 increased significantly after 20 mins in group I, whereas it increased significantly after 120 mins in group II. 3) pH decreased significantly after 60 mins in group I, whereas it decreased significantly after 120 mins in group II. 4) No significant changes of bicarbonate and SaO2 were noted in each group CONCLUSION: From above results, it would be advisable to analyze the sample in a short period of time or to store in a refrigerator when the measuring will be delayed. So we highly recommend that blood gas analysis should be performed as soon as possible after sampling, especially within 10 minutes.
Blood Gas Analysis ; Electrodes ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Partial Pressure

No abstract available.

A quantitative assessment of the testicular biopsy, and serum hormone levels( testosterone, prolactin, and follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones) were studied in 10 spinal cord injured men and comparison of these parameters to normal controls were performed. The mean number of Sertoli cells, mature spermatids, tubular diameter and tubular wall thickness were determined in both groups and analyzed. In the spinal cord injury group the mean number of mature spermatids per tubule was significantly lower and the mean number of Sertoli cells per tubule was significantly higher than in controls(p<0.05). Serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone values were significantly higher in the spinal cord injury group than in controls(p<0.05). These significant differences of the quantitative parameters of the testicular biopsy and hormonal values that may contribute to the reproductive dysfunction.
Biopsy ; Humans ; Lutein ; Luteinizing Hormone ; Male ; Prolactin ; Sertoli Cells ; Spermatids ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Spinal Cord* ; Testis ; Testosterone

Failure of a glaucoma filtering operation mainly results from scarring at the filtering wound, and postoperative proliferation and migration of fibroblasts play an important role histologically in the formation of scar tissue. As an inhibitory agent for fibroblast proliferation, gamma-interferon has been introduced, and the application of gamma-interferon following filtering surgery is now being made on a trial basis. We studied the effect of gamma-interferon histologically on the fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis occurring at the filtering site by comparing the effect of gamma-interferon on the experimental group with that of 5-fluorouracil on the control group, using 10 rabbits (20 eyes) after posterior lip sclerectomy. Both groups showed similar flat and diffused bleb grossly and also showed a similar inhibitory effect on fibroblast proliferation and collagen fiber synthesis histologically. Our findings seem to justify the clinical use of gamma-interferon. Further studies on adequate dosage, method of administration, and local and systemic complications would be desired.
Animals ; Anterior Chamber/drug effects ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Collagen/*biosynthesis ; Fibroblasts/drug effects ; Fluorouracil/pharmacology ; Glaucoma/pathology/*surgery ; Interferon-gamma/*pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Sclera/pathology ; *Sclerostomy

PURPOSES: To demonstrate changes in urinary biochemistry that lead to a supersaturation of some salt, which makes a higher prevalence of urinary stone in workers chronically exposed to a hot environment and massive sweating. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was performed at a metal plant and exposure to heat stress was estimated by the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature climatic index. Stone risk profile from our laboratory included volume, specific gravity, creatinine, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, uric acid, phosphorus and pH. On a randomly selected sample of 19 workers exposed and 19 workers not exposed to heat stress without any evidence of stone disease, and family history of nephrolithiasis or predisposing factors such as gout, we performed a stone risk profile by collecting the urine during the 8-hour work shift for 1 consecutive days. The independent student t-test was used to compare each parameter between the different groups. RESULTS: Among a randomly selected urine sample of 19 workers exposed and 19 workers not exposed to heat stress without any evidence of stone disease, significant differences were found in fluid intake (2816.0+/-1981.0 ml. versus 1200.0+/-4147.0), and concentration of creatinine (1481.0+/-691.0 ml./l. versus 1032.0+/-574.0), sodium (201.0+/-55.0 mg./l. versus 147.4+/-58.0), calcium (202.0+/-76.0 mg./l. versus 132.0+/-71.0), uric acid (475.0+/-138.0 mg./l. versus 359.0+/-196.0), phosphorus (638.0+/-283.0 mg./l. versus 328.0+/-196.0), pH(6.05+/-0.61 versus 6.72+/-0.92), specific gravity(1.029+/-0.005 versus 1.014+/-0.006) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the concept that heat stress represents a real lithogenic risk factors. Therefore, we recommend adequate fluid intake during hot occupations.
Biochemistry* ; Calcium ; Causality ; Creatinine ; Gout ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Magnesium ; Nephrolithiasis ; Occupations ; Phosphorus ; Plants ; Potassium ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Sodium ; Specific Gravity ; Sweat ; Sweating ; Uric Acid ; Urinary Calculi ; Urolithiasis

Fibrolipoma is an uncommon variant of lipomas which shows a distinct pathologic findings with both component of mature adipose cells and broad bands of dense fibrous connective tissue. A 30-year-old woman developed an 5×7cm sized, indurated, ill-defined, subcutaneous mass on the right axilla. Microscopically, the tumor contained broad bands of dense connective tissue with mature adipose tissue scattered throughout the mass, but it did not show encapsulation. The lesion was excised and she showed no evidence of recurrence after 6 months of follow-up.
Adipose Tissue ; Adult ; Axilla ; Connective Tissue ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lipoma ; Recurrence

No abstract available.
Humans ; Ulcer* ; Zidovudine*

Ossification and calcification of the spinal ligaments frequently cause pressure upon the spinal cord andnerve roots. Authors reviewed 150 cases of C-spine CT, 80 cases of T-spine CT, and 725 cases of L-spine CT whichwere carried out a Pusan Natina University Hospital for 2 years from May 1983 to May 1985. We analysed 34 caseswhich showed ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) and ligamentum flavum (OLF) of these 955cases. The results are follows: 1. The male ot female ratio of spinal ligamentous ossification was 26:8. The 5thdecade group (24.41%) was the most prevalent age group. 4th decade(26.4%), 6th decade(23.52%), 7th decade(11.76),3rd decade (8.8%), and 8th decade(2.94%) in that order. 2. Of 955 cases of spine CT, the incidence of OPLL was 25cases(21.51%) and that of OLF was 10 ases(1.05%). 3. Regional incidence of spinal ligamentous ossification was asfollows. 1) In case of OPLL, cervical area was 19/150(12.67%) and lumbar area was 6/725 (0.83%). 2) In cases ofOLF, Thoracic area was 3/80(3.75%) and lumbar area was 8/725(1.10%). 4. The most frequent length of OPLL was 4body length (32%) and the most frequent locations are C4 and C5(68%). The types fo OPLL were 15 cases(60%) ofsegmental type, 8 cases(32%) of continuous type, and 2 cases(8%) of mixed type in that order. All segmental typeswere degree 1 or 2 and most continuous and mixed type (80%) were degree 2 or 3 dural sac effect. 5. The number ofinvolved interlaminar spaces in OLF was 1 to 5 interspaces and most of OLF were found at low thoracic and lumbararea. 6. There could be noted high correlation between the spinal ligamentous ossification and degenerative discdisease, The incidence of associated disc disease was 18/25(72%) in OPLL and 8/10(80%) in OLF.
Busan ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ligaments ; Ligamentum Flavum ; Male ; Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament ; Spinal Cord ; Spine

While surgical intervention may occasionally be indicated for the relief of pain or urinary obstruction, many uric acid stones can be treated medically. We have analysed 27 patients with uric acid stone treated at Soonchunhyang University Hospital from January 1991 to September 1994. Major clinical complaints were presented with flank pain(93%) and gross hematuria(33%). On the urinalysis, urinary pH was 5.0 in 21 patients(78%) , 5.5 in 4 patients(15%), and 6.0 in 2 patients(7%). The urate crystals were found in 11/27 patients(41%). Mean serum uric acid level was 6.5+/-3.2mg% and mean uric acid amount of 24hrs urine was 301+/-188mg. Intravenous urography, retrograde urography, antegrade urography, ultrasonography and computed tomography were used for the diagnosis of uric acid stone. Systemic medical therapy was performed in all patients using hydration, sodium bicarbonate, and allopurinol. Systemic medical therapy and local chemolysis with alkaline irrigating solution were performed in 6 patients(22%) when the stone size was large (.>2cm) or urinary obstruction existed. The uric acid stone, in whom treated with only systemic medical therapy(21), were to be dissolved and passed during 1-24weeks, whereas the other patients(6) with systemic medical therapy and local chemolysis due to complete obstruction or large stone( >=2cm) had taken 2-32weeks. Successful dissolution was obtained in all patients, however, most significant problem of uric acid stone chemolysis is that it takes a long time. Nevertheless, these results demonstrate that the medical treatment could ordinally be considered to the treatment of choice for removal of uric acid calculi before surgical intervention or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.
Allopurinol ; Calculi* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Lithotripsy ; Shock ; Sodium Bicarbonate ; Ultrasonography ; Uric Acid* ; Urinalysis ; Urography

Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in childhood, representing 4 to 8% of all malignant tumors in children below 15 years old, but rhabdomyosarcoma of the paratesticular region is rare. The paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma is a highly malignant lesion with early invasion and metastasis, which has retroperitoneal metastases in about half of the patients at time of diagnosis. However, the survival rates have been improved greatly by using multimodal therapy. We are submitting a case of paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma with retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis with review of literatures.
Adolescent ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Rhabdomyosarcoma* ; Sarcoma ; Survival Rate ; Testis