The characteristics of echocardiographic dilated cardiomyopathy according to its etiologic factors were studied from June, 1984 to September, 1986 in Pusan national University Hosptial. The cases included in the study were 144 patients, 90 cases of male and 54 cases of female respectively ranging the age from 17 years old to 79 years old. Patients with valvular heart disease were excluded in this study. The results were as follows: 1) Primary dilated cardiomyopathy was 40.3%, and secondary dilated cardiomyopathy was 59.7% of the study group. In secondary dilated cardiomyopathy, its etiologic factors were hypertension 17.4%, ischemic heart disease 27.8%, thyrotoxicosis 5.6%, chronic renal failure 4.8%, pregnancy 3.4% and alcohol drinking 0.7%. 2) Atrial fibrillation was noted in 32.6% of primary, 36.0% of hypertensive, 30.0% of ischemic and 62.5% of toxic cardiomyopathy. Conduction disturbance was noted in 57.1% of uremic cardiomopathy, it was far more frequent comparing with other cases of cardiomyopathy ranging 20-30%. 3) The frequency of end-diastolic internal dimension of left ventricle over 6.0cm was 58.6% in primary, 68.0% in hypertensive, 75.0% in ischemic, 71.4% in uremic and 40.0% in postpartum cardiomyopathy. 4) The frequency of ejection fraction of left ventricle below 40% was 17.2% in primary, 8.0% in hypertensive, and 28.2% in ischemic cardiomyopathy. 5) The paradoxical motion of anteroseptal wall of left ventricle was observed in 6.9% of primary, 4.0% of hypertensive, and 17.5% of ischemic cardiomyopathy. The ratio of anteroseptal wall motion to posterior wall motion below 0.4 was 15.6% in primary, 20.0% in hypertensive, and 25.0% in ischemic cardiomyopathy. 6) The frequency and grade of mitral regurgitation became increased with the dilatation of left ventricle. 7) The follow-up of cardiothoracic ratio was helpful significantly in the prediction of prognosis.
Adolescent ; Aged ; Alcohol Drinking ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Busan ; Cardiomyopathies ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated* ; Dilatation ; Echocardiography* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Valve Diseases ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Male ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Prognosis ; Thyrotoxicosis

In the fractures and dislocations of the carpus, prompt and accurate diagnosis is the prime prerequisite for restoring function to this most complicated joint in the body. And then, early precise reduction and continuous maintenance of the reduced position until ligamentous and bone healing is complete provide the best chance of achieving a satisfactory restoration of function. We analysed forty five cases of fractures and dislocations of the carpus which were treated for 5 years from Jan. 1984 to Dec. 1988 at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Hallym University. The following results were obtained; l. Of the total 45 injuries, scaphoid fractures were seen in 32(71.1%), other carpal bone fractures except scaphoid in 13 patients(28.9%), and carpal bone dislocation and fracture- dislocations in 11 patients(24.4%). 2. Carpal scaphoid fracture 1) 19 of the 32 patients(59.4%) had an associated ipsilateral upper extremity injury. 2) This fracture was common in the young male. 3) A union rate(95.6%) was achieved using a usual conservative treatment for undisplaced racture(14), operative treatment for displaced(18). 4) The mean time to radiological union for all fractures was 11.1 weeks. Old fracture by SotoHall classification took the longest time to union(18.2 weeks), subacute fracture 13 weeks, and acute fracture 9 weeks. 5) 10 cases were treated for nonunion, 5 of 10 nonunions were classified as type (50%). 2 cases showed ultimately nonunion in spite of various sorts of treatment, which belonged to waist fracture. 3. Other carpal bone fractures except scaphoid were seen in 13(15 bones) of 45 injuries, and pisiform(4) and triquetrum(4) fractures were common. 4. Carpal dislocation and fracture-dislocations were seen in 11 of the 45 injuries and dorsal transscaphoid perilunate dislocations(4) were common. These were treated by C.R. and cast immobilization or O.R. and K-wire fixation relatively good results were obtained.
Carpal Bones ; Classification ; Clinical Study ; Diagnosis ; Dislocations ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Joints ; Ligaments ; Male ; Orthopedics ; Upper Extremity

No abstract available.
Pregnancy* ; Ultrasonography*

A malformation of azygos and hemiazygos system were observed from the cadaver for anatomy practice in College of Medicine, Chungnam National University. The observing results were as followings ; Hemiazygos vein was connected with left superior vena cava and drained into coronary sinus, which engorged enough to fill up with blood about 20cc to 30cc. Communicating pathway from hemiazygos vein to azygos veln wasn't found the diameter of left brachiocephalic vein was very small, about 2mm to 3mm. And, the diameter of left internal jugular vein was smaller than that of right infernal jugular vein. In this case, the azygos and hemiazygos system ceased its development at early embryologic stage(around 7 week embryo) and didn't progress into next stage.
Brachiocephalic Veins ; Cadaver ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Coronary Sinus ; Jugular Veins ; Veins ; Vena Cava, Superior

Hemangioma appearing on the conjuntiva is a rare benign tumor which may be derived from vessels of conjuntiva, sclera, ocular muscles and orbit. Recently, we have experienced two cases of well encapsulated movable, round and slightly nodular conjuntival masses which had smooth, dark bluish-red colored surfaces. The masses were simply excised and histopathologic study revealed cavernous hemangioma.
Hemangioma ; Hemangioma, Cavernous* ; Muscles ; Orbit ; Sclera

Warrdenburg's syndrome, a rare hereditary disease, may be transmitted as an irregular autosomal dominant traits, which is distinguished by lateral displacement of the medial canthi and inferior lacrimal puncta, broad and prominant nasal root, hyperplasia of the medial portions of the eye-brows, white or grey colored forelock, partial or total heterochromia of the irides, congenital deafness, etc. Recently, the authors have experienced three cases of Waardenburg's syndrome in one family. They were 29 year old male, his 4 year old son and 3 year old daughter. We report these interesting cases with a brief review of literatures.
Adult ; Child, Preschool ; Deafness ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Male ; Nuclear Family ; Waardenburg Syndrome*

The authors underwent the serum lipid study, involving the lipoprotein fraction, and the HDL-cholesterol mean values in normal Korean adults visited to Hanyang University Hospital, and also compared with the previously reported serum lipid studies. The results are as follows; 1) The mean values of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and phospholipid were 103.3+/-17.1mg%, 188.9+/-18.2mg%, and 196.7+/-19.8mg%, respectively. 2) Compared with the past 7 years triglyceride showed increasing tendency with significance, and cholesterol and phospholipid showed slightly increasing tendency. 3) In the serum lipoprotein fraction, the mean values of alpha-lipoprotein, pre-beta-lipoprotein, and beta-lipoprotein were 37.2+/-5.9%, 16.0+/-4.2%, and 48.6+/-5.2%, respectively. 4) Compared with the past 10 years, the alpha-, and pre-beta-lipoprotein showed increasing tendency, meanwhile, beta-lipoprotein revealed decreasing tendency. 5) The mean value of HDL-cholesterol was 52.3+/-14.6mg%, and the ratio of HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol(HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol) was 28.2+/-7.9. 6) Compared with the past 2 years, HDL-cholesterol level showed slightly increasing tendency.
Adult ; Cholesterol ; Humans ; Lipoproteins ; Triglycerides

Hypercalcemia is a common complication in CAPD patients treated with calcium-containing phosphate binders and using the standard dialysate (SCD) calcium concentration of 3.5mEq/L. We performed a retrospective study in 25 CAPD patients to determine whether a low calcium dialysate (LCD) containing 2.5mEq/L calcium would reduce the incidence of hypercalemia with adequate control of serum inorganic phosphate levels and diminish the need to use aluminum-containing phosphate binders. All patients had previously used SCD before converting to LCD. The incidence of hypercalcemia (more than 2 episodes of corrected serum calcium > or = 10.5mg/dL) tended to be lower after converting to LCDl 0.27 (0-2.76) vs. 0 (0-1.97) episodes/patient-yearl. Intact PTH level increased from 38.8 (0.1-1599.3)pg/mL to 70.6 (9.5-1540.0)pg/mL after conversion, but there was no statistical sifnificance. Serum calcium, inorganic phosphate, alkaline phosphatase and bicarbonate levels did not change after converting to LCD. We were able to reduce aluminum hydroxide dosagel 1.09 (0-10.88) vs. 0 (0-3.26)g/day/patientl and increase calcium carbonate dosage (1.95 0.92 vs. 2.98 2.14g/day/ patient) after conversion significantly (P<0.05). The frequency of peritonitis was similar in LCD and SCD period. In conclusion, low calcium dialysate is useful in diminishing aluminum-containing phosphate binder dosage and increasing calcium carbonate dosage to maintain a similar phosphate value. Its effects on renal osteodystrophy remain to be assessed.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Aluminum Hydroxide ; Calcium Carbonate ; Calcium* ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia ; Incidence ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory* ; Peritonitis ; Renal Osteodystrophy ; Retrospective Studies

Clinical findings, electrocardiographic voltage and left ventricular function were evaluated in 104 patients with percardial effusion. Patients were classified into three groups by the amounts of pericardial effusion measured by two-dimensional echocardiography. 49 patients had small pericardial effusion, 31 moderate effusion and 24 large effusion. In 47 patients the effusions were clinically unsuspected prior to echocardiographic examination. Pericardial friction rub was noted in 14 patients, two-thirds of whom had moderate to large effusions. There was no relationship between the size of effusion and the presence of friction rub. Total QRS amplitudes were lower in patients with moderate to large effusions than those in control group. Maximum diastolic endocardial velocity(DEVM) and E-F slope of the anterior mitral leaflet were decreased significantly in patients with moderate to large effusions as compared with those with small effusions. As a result, authors concluded that reduction in the QRS voltages in serial ECGs may suggest the presence and the amount of pericardial effusion and also DEVM and E-F slope of the anterior mitral leaflet can be sensitive measures of left ventricular relaxation in patients with pericardial effusion.
Echocardiography* ; Electrocardiography* ; Friction ; Humans ; Pericardial Effusion* ; Relaxation ; Ventricular Function, Left*

No abstract available.
Endometrial Neoplasms* ; Female ; Humans