Thirty-nine healthy pigs (28-32 days old) were purchased from a commercial swine farm and housed at swine pens of the College. The animals were vaccinated intramuscularly (1 ml) with an attenuated live hog cholera virus (HCV, LOM strain) and then boostered at 5 weeks after the first vaccination. The animals were divided into 4 experimental groups: 0.05% (w/w) PowerFeel-supplemented diet (T-1, n = 10); 3% (w/w) SuperFeed-supplemented diet (T-2, n = 10); diluted PowerFeel solution (1 : 500, v/v) as drinking water (T-3, n=9); control (n=10). PowerFeel is an original form of ionized alkali mineral complex (IAMC) and SuperFeed is a commercial product of IAMC. The subpopulation of lymphocyte in blood was assayed by a flow cytometry and HCV-specific antibody was determined by an indirect immunofluorescence assay. In IMAC-treated groups, the proportions of subpopulation expressing MHC-class II, CD2+, CD4+, CD8+, and surface IgM+ B lymphocytes were significantly decreased at 5-weeks after the first vaccination. Significant decreases were also observed in the proportions of MHC-class II, CD2+ and CD8+ lymphocyte at 3-weeks after the booster injection. The humoral immune responses in T-1 and T-2 groups were greater than those in T-3 or control group. These results suggest that IAMC-supplemented diets may have an HCV-specific immunostimulatory effect in pigs.
Animal Feed ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*blood/isolation & purification ; Antigens, CD2/blood ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Classical Swine Fever/*immunology ; Classical swine fever virus/*immunology ; Dietary Supplements ; Ions ; Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology ; *Minerals ; Swine ; Vaccines, Attenuated/*administration & dosage ; Viral Vaccines/*administration & dosage

No abstract available.
Pregnancy*

The antihypertensive effect of clonidine was evaluated in 129 patients with essential hypertension of mild to moderate severity with a dosage of one tablet(0.075mg) a day for 71 patients of Group I and two tablets a day for 58 patients of Group II. The results were as follows : 1) Of 71 patients of Group I, 34 patients(47.9%)showed good antihypertensive effect(greater than 15 mmHg drop in mean diastolic pressure) and 11 patients(15.5%) showed fair effect(10-14 mmHg drop in mean diastolic pressure). 2) Of 58 patients of Group II, 39 patients(67.2%) showed good effect and 7 patients(12.1%) showed fair effect. 3) The side effect observed was transient and tolerable dry mouth, which developed in 5.6% of Group I patients and 13.6% of Group II patients.
Clonidine* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Mouth ; Tablets

No abstract available.

In general, femur fractures in the younger patient population are the result of high energy trauma, such as motorcycle accidents or traffic accidents. A 43-year-old healthy man presented with painful swelling of his right thigh. Plane radiographs showed short oblique fracture of the femur shaft with comminution. He had no medical history such as osteoporosis or any metabolic bone disorder. He was a healthy man with no smoking and no alcohol drinking, enjoying sports activity such as baseball and football. He was injured during defense time of a baseball game by rapid turning motion to catch a ball. We performed intramedullary interlocking nailing for the femur shaft fracture and the fracture was uneventually healed with no complication. To our knowledge, femur shaft fracture which occurred during playing baseball in a healthy middle-aged man has not been reported in our country. So we report this case with a review of the literature.
Accidents, Traffic ; Adult* ; Alcohol Drinking ; Baseball* ; Femur ; Football ; Humans ; Male* ; Motorcycles ; Osteoporosis ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Sports ; Thigh

Painful nociceptive informations are well known to be transferred from nociceptors through spinal dorsal horn not only in different pathways but also in diverse nature depending on the type of noxious stimuli. There have been some controversies about the role of neuropeptide somatostatin in the transmission of the nociceptive information to the dorsal horn cells of the spinal cord. We performed the study in order to elucidate the effects of somatostatin on transmission of noxious stimuli in the spinal dorsal horn, comparing with those of morphine. Using carbon-filamented microelectrode, the single cell activities of wide dynamic range(WDR) neuron were recorded extracellularly at the lumbosacral enlargement of the spinal cord in cats after noxious mechanical(squeeze), thermal(heat lamp), and cold(dry ice) stimulation to the receptive field. The sciatic nerve was stimulated electrically to evoke, A4-fiber and C-fiber each other. Data were compiled into single pass time histograms or postsimulus time histograms. Twenty micro-gram of somatostatin was injected intravenously to study the changes of single cell activities in 20 minutes, which were compared with the effects of morphine(2m/kg). Then naloxone was administrated(0.1mg/kg) to know whether it antagonized the effects of somatostatin and morphine And those finding were also observed in inverted WDR cells. In WDR cell, somatostain decreased the cellular responses to noxious heat stimuli in 6cell(n=9), but increased those to cold stimuli in 4 cells(n=6). And the responses to noxious mechanical stimuli were so diverse that they were slightly increased in 7 cells(164%), decreased in 5 cells, and were not changed in 6 cells(n=18). A-response, the response to peripheral Ad-afferent activation, showed a tendency to be facilitated(n=6/9), while C-response had a slightly depressed tendency(n=4/9). Morphine strongly suppressed the responses of dorsal horn neurons to noxious heat(n=9/13), cold(n=2/2), mechanical stimuli(n=16/19) and electrical A-response(n=7/10), C-response(n=6/7). Following subsequent injection of naloxone, the effects of morphine on noxious stimuli evoked response were fully reversed but those of somatostatin were not antagonized. There was significant difference between the reversal effects of naloxone on morphine and somatostatin(p<0.05). From the above results it is concluded that somatostatin suppresses the transmission of nociceptive heat stimuli, especially via C-fiber, while facilitates that of nociceptive mechanical and cold stimuli via Adelta-fiber in spinal dorsal horn cells. Also the somatostatin appears to have different nociceptive mechanism from morphine.
Animals ; Cats* ; Horns ; Hot Temperature ; Microelectrodes ; Morphine* ; Naloxone ; Neurons ; Neuropeptides ; Nociceptors ; Peripheral Nerves* ; Posterior Horn Cells* ; Sciatic Nerve ; Somatostatin* ; Spinal Cord

The causes of temporomandiublar joint(TMJ) ankylosis are classified into trauma, systemic or local infection, and systemic diseases. Recent reports have implicated taruma as the main cause, with infection being a distant one. Local infections of surrounding structures(eg, mastoiditis and otitis media) can spread to TMJ by a direct extension or a hematogenous spread. In childhood, dense barrier of bone between the middle ear and the joint cavity may not be developed to prevent the spead of the infection. Otitis media is known to be a common complication of measles in children. Therefore children are more susceptible to TMJ ankylosis secondary to otitis media caused by measles. In the present case, the patient was 21 years old. At the age of 5 years, he had been caught by measles and accompanying otitis media. Since then, he had suffered from trismus for over 15 years. He was diagnosed as bony ankylosis of the left TMJ. We reconstructed his TMJ with 1) the resection of the condylar mass, 2) ipsilateral coronoidectemy, 3) contralateral coronoidectomy, 4) recontouring of glenoid fossa, and 5) replacement with a metal prosthesis(titanium condyle). In the choice of the graft material, we preferred metal prosthesis to autogenous costochnodral rib bone because the patient was still in the state of chronic otitis media and mastoditis. His mandibular function was improved significantly postoperatively. Unitl now he gets along without any postoperative complication.
Ankylosis* ; Child ; Ear, Middle ; Humans ; Joints ; Mastoid ; Mastoiditis ; Measles ; Otitis Media* ; Otitis* ; Postoperative Complications ; Prostheses and Implants ; Ribs ; Temporomandibular Joint* ; Transplants ; Trismus ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of T2-weighted oblique coronal imaging in the diagnosis of anteriorcruciate ligament (ACL) injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The MRI findings of 12 patients with ACL injury and a groupof 12 with normal ACL were respectively reviewed in terms of nonvisualization or focal defect, morphologic changeand increased signal intensity of ACL. Diagnostic accuracy in the conventional sagittal or coronal plane and inthe T2-weighted oblique coronal plane was also compared. T2-weighted oblique coronal scanning was performed, withthe imaging plane parallel to the direction of the intercondylar roof. RESULTS: In the ACL injury group,conventional MR imaging showed nonvisualization or focal defect (10/12), morphologic change (7/12), displacement(4/12), and increased signal intensity (9/12). T2-weighted oblique coronal imaging showed nonvisualization orfocal defect (11/12), morphologic change (5/12), and increased signal intensity(9/12). In the normal ACL group,conventional MR imaging demonstrated false-positive findings, i.e. these mimicked ACL injuries. Nonvisualizationor focal defect (2/12), and morphologic change (1/12), and increased signal intensity (5/12) were seen.T2-weighted oblique coronal imaging demonstrated normal ACL as an anteromedial and posterolateral band ; therewere no false-positive cases. On T2-weighted oblique coronal scan, no normal ACL showed increased signal intersity; compared with conventional MR imaging, this difference was statistically significant(P < 0.005). Overall, thesensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of conventional sagittal or coronal plane and T2-weighted oblique coronalplane imaging were, respectively 92% and 92%, 58% and 100%, and 75% and 96%. CONCLUSION: On T2-weighted obliquecoronal scans, the visualization of all normal anterior cruciate ligaments was better than on conventional MRimages. When ACL injury is vague on conventional MR imaging, T2-weighted oblique coronal imaging is considered tobe useful for the differentiation of ACL injury and normal ACL.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Sensitivity and Specificity

PURPOSE: To compare T2*-weighted images with spin-echo T1- and turbo spin-echo (TSE) T2-weighted images inpatients with diffuse axonal injury(DAI) MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using a 1.0T MR unit, SE T1-, TSE T2-, and andFLASH T2*-weighted images were obtained from 69 patients with a history of head trauma. In 18 MR images of 17patients with imaging findings of DAI, T2*-weighted images were retrospectively compared with SE T1-and TSET2-weighted images. The interval between trauma and MR scan varied from 5 days to 24 (mean, 11) months. Focusingon the number of lesions, and their location and signal intensity, as weel as associated findings, three imageswere simultaueously evaluated. RESULTS: In 18 MR images of 17 patients with MR imaging findings of DAI, 21lesions were detected on T1-weighted images, 28 on TSE T2-weighted images, and 70 on T2*-weighted images; the lastof these revealed all lesions detected on the other two. Most lesions were hypointense on T1-weightedimages(17/21), hyperintense on TSE T2-weighted (21/28), and hypointense on T2*-weighted (63/70). Common locationsfor DAI were the frontal lobe(n=35) and corpus callosum (n=22). Associated brain injuries were cortical contusion(n=5), brainstem injury (n=3), deep gray matter injury (n=2), and subdural hematoma (n=1). CONCLUSION: Inpatients with DAI. T2*-weighted images can detect more lesions and associated petechial hemorrhage than can TSET2-weighted images. This modality is thus useful for the evaluation of patients with head trauma.
Axons ; Brain Injuries ; Brain Stem ; Corpus Callosum ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Diffuse Axonal Injury* ; Hematoma, Subdural ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: To assess the usefulness of T2-weighted oblique coronal MR imaging (T2OCI) in the differential diagnosis of complete and partial tears of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the knee. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three patients with ACL tear (16 complete and 17 partial tears), comfirmed by arthroscopy, were included in this study. Conventional MR imaging and T2OCI were performed, and the findings were retrospectively reviewed by two radiologists in terms of continuity, shape, axis and internal signal intensity of the ligament. Each finding was tested if there were stastistically significant differences in its prevalence between partial and complete tears. The diagnostic accuracy of T2OCI and conventional MR imaging in the detection of partial and complete tears of the ACL were compared. RESULTS: Conventional MR imaging revealed no statistically significant finding for differential diagnosis of complete and partial ACL tears. The reliable and statistically significant (p<0.001) findings of T2OCI were complete discontinuity of the ligament in cases involving complete ACL tears (14 of 16 complete tears and 2 of 17 partial tears) and the preservation of the band form for partial ACL tears (2 of 16 complete tears and 15 of 17 partial tears). The accuracy of T2OCI and conventional MR imaging was 88% and 70%, respectively. CONCLUSION: When ACL injury is vague on conventional MR images, a modality which is more useful in the differential diagnosis of partial and complete tears of the ACL, and in predicting the site of a tear, is T2-weighted oblique coronal imaging.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Arthroscopy ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Diagnosis, Differential* ; Humans ; Knee* ; Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies