Thirty-nine healthy pigs (28-32 days old) were purchased from a commercial swine farm and housed at swine pens of the College. The animals were vaccinated intramuscularly (1 ml) with an attenuated live hog cholera virus (HCV, LOM strain) and then boostered at 5 weeks after the first vaccination. The animals were divided into 4 experimental groups: 0.05% (w/w) PowerFeel-supplemented diet (T-1, n = 10); 3% (w/w) SuperFeed-supplemented diet (T-2, n = 10); diluted PowerFeel solution (1 : 500, v/v) as drinking water (T-3, n=9); control (n=10). PowerFeel is an original form of ionized alkali mineral complex (IAMC) and SuperFeed is a commercial product of IAMC. The subpopulation of lymphocyte in blood was assayed by a flow cytometry and HCV-specific antibody was determined by an indirect immunofluorescence assay. In IMAC-treated groups, the proportions of subpopulation expressing MHC-class II, CD2+, CD4+, CD8+, and surface IgM+ B lymphocytes were significantly decreased at 5-weeks after the first vaccination. Significant decreases were also observed in the proportions of MHC-class II, CD2+ and CD8+ lymphocyte at 3-weeks after the booster injection. The humoral immune responses in T-1 and T-2 groups were greater than those in T-3 or control group. These results suggest that IAMC-supplemented diets may have an HCV-specific immunostimulatory effect in pigs.
Animal Feed ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*blood/isolation & purification ; Antigens, CD2/blood ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Classical Swine Fever/*immunology ; Classical swine fever virus/*immunology ; Dietary Supplements ; Ions ; Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology ; *Minerals ; Swine ; Vaccines, Attenuated/*administration & dosage ; Viral Vaccines/*administration & dosage

No abstract available.
Pregnancy*

No abstract available.

The antihypertensive effect of clonidine was evaluated in 129 patients with essential hypertension of mild to moderate severity with a dosage of one tablet(0.075mg) a day for 71 patients of Group I and two tablets a day for 58 patients of Group II. The results were as follows : 1) Of 71 patients of Group I, 34 patients(47.9%)showed good antihypertensive effect(greater than 15 mmHg drop in mean diastolic pressure) and 11 patients(15.5%) showed fair effect(10-14 mmHg drop in mean diastolic pressure). 2) Of 58 patients of Group II, 39 patients(67.2%) showed good effect and 7 patients(12.1%) showed fair effect. 3) The side effect observed was transient and tolerable dry mouth, which developed in 5.6% of Group I patients and 13.6% of Group II patients.
Clonidine* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Mouth ; Tablets

The causes of temporomandiublar joint(TMJ) ankylosis are classified into trauma, systemic or local infection, and systemic diseases. Recent reports have implicated taruma as the main cause, with infection being a distant one. Local infections of surrounding structures(eg, mastoiditis and otitis media) can spread to TMJ by a direct extension or a hematogenous spread. In childhood, dense barrier of bone between the middle ear and the joint cavity may not be developed to prevent the spead of the infection. Otitis media is known to be a common complication of measles in children. Therefore children are more susceptible to TMJ ankylosis secondary to otitis media caused by measles. In the present case, the patient was 21 years old. At the age of 5 years, he had been caught by measles and accompanying otitis media. Since then, he had suffered from trismus for over 15 years. He was diagnosed as bony ankylosis of the left TMJ. We reconstructed his TMJ with 1) the resection of the condylar mass, 2) ipsilateral coronoidectemy, 3) contralateral coronoidectomy, 4) recontouring of glenoid fossa, and 5) replacement with a metal prosthesis(titanium condyle). In the choice of the graft material, we preferred metal prosthesis to autogenous costochnodral rib bone because the patient was still in the state of chronic otitis media and mastoditis. His mandibular function was improved significantly postoperatively. Unitl now he gets along without any postoperative complication.
Ankylosis* ; Child ; Ear, Middle ; Humans ; Joints ; Mastoid ; Mastoiditis ; Measles ; Otitis Media* ; Otitis* ; Postoperative Complications ; Prostheses and Implants ; Ribs ; Temporomandibular Joint* ; Transplants ; Trismus ; Young Adult

Painful nociceptive informations are well known to be transferred from nociceptors through spinal dorsal horn not only in different pathways but also in diverse nature depending on the type of noxious stimuli. There have been some controversies about the role of neuropeptide somatostatin in the transmission of the nociceptive information to the dorsal horn cells of the spinal cord. We performed the study in order to elucidate the effects of somatostatin on transmission of noxious stimuli in the spinal dorsal horn, comparing with those of morphine. Using carbon-filamented microelectrode, the single cell activities of wide dynamic range(WDR) neuron were recorded extracellularly at the lumbosacral enlargement of the spinal cord in cats after noxious mechanical(squeeze), thermal(heat lamp), and cold(dry ice) stimulation to the receptive field. The sciatic nerve was stimulated electrically to evoke, A4-fiber and C-fiber each other. Data were compiled into single pass time histograms or postsimulus time histograms. Twenty micro-gram of somatostatin was injected intravenously to study the changes of single cell activities in 20 minutes, which were compared with the effects of morphine(2m/kg). Then naloxone was administrated(0.1mg/kg) to know whether it antagonized the effects of somatostatin and morphine And those finding were also observed in inverted WDR cells. In WDR cell, somatostain decreased the cellular responses to noxious heat stimuli in 6cell(n=9), but increased those to cold stimuli in 4 cells(n=6). And the responses to noxious mechanical stimuli were so diverse that they were slightly increased in 7 cells(164%), decreased in 5 cells, and were not changed in 6 cells(n=18). A-response, the response to peripheral Ad-afferent activation, showed a tendency to be facilitated(n=6/9), while C-response had a slightly depressed tendency(n=4/9). Morphine strongly suppressed the responses of dorsal horn neurons to noxious heat(n=9/13), cold(n=2/2), mechanical stimuli(n=16/19) and electrical A-response(n=7/10), C-response(n=6/7). Following subsequent injection of naloxone, the effects of morphine on noxious stimuli evoked response were fully reversed but those of somatostatin were not antagonized. There was significant difference between the reversal effects of naloxone on morphine and somatostatin(p<0.05). From the above results it is concluded that somatostatin suppresses the transmission of nociceptive heat stimuli, especially via C-fiber, while facilitates that of nociceptive mechanical and cold stimuli via Adelta-fiber in spinal dorsal horn cells. Also the somatostatin appears to have different nociceptive mechanism from morphine.
Animals ; Cats* ; Horns ; Hot Temperature ; Microelectrodes ; Morphine* ; Naloxone ; Neurons ; Neuropeptides ; Nociceptors ; Peripheral Nerves* ; Posterior Horn Cells* ; Sciatic Nerve ; Somatostatin* ; Spinal Cord

In general, femur fractures in the younger patient population are the result of high energy trauma, such as motorcycle accidents or traffic accidents. A 43-year-old healthy man presented with painful swelling of his right thigh. Plane radiographs showed short oblique fracture of the femur shaft with comminution. He had no medical history such as osteoporosis or any metabolic bone disorder. He was a healthy man with no smoking and no alcohol drinking, enjoying sports activity such as baseball and football. He was injured during defense time of a baseball game by rapid turning motion to catch a ball. We performed intramedullary interlocking nailing for the femur shaft fracture and the fracture was uneventually healed with no complication. To our knowledge, femur shaft fracture which occurred during playing baseball in a healthy middle-aged man has not been reported in our country. So we report this case with a review of the literature.
Accidents, Traffic ; Adult* ; Alcohol Drinking ; Baseball* ; Femur ; Football ; Humans ; Male* ; Motorcycles ; Osteoporosis ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Sports ; Thigh

Although the autogenous vein graft is the most reliable in the fields of microvascular reconstruction, the microvascular allograft and microvascular prosthesis have been developed to be substitute for autogenous vein because it has many problems. In many experimental study have been reported highly variable patency rate and its thrombogenetic property of microvascular allograft. Especially, antigenicity of the homogenous vessels and immune reaction-induced thrombosis are main cause of homogenous microvascular anastomosis failure. For that reason, several investigators have attempted to reduce the antigenicity and improve the patency rate of microvascular allograft. The purpose of this study was to observe the healing process in applying frozen arterial allograft in the rats. In order to perform this study, 27 Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 300gm or more selected. 12 carotid arterial anastomoses were performed in the rats by using microvascular end-to-end anastomosis as control group and 15 frozen(-196degreesC) arterial allografts were implanted into the carotid artery in the rats by using microvascular anastomosis as experimental group. The experimental rats were sacrificed on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, 28th, 56th day after operations. For scanning electron microscopic study, fixation was performed by perfusion of 2.5% glutaraldehyed-2% paraformaldehyed in 0.1M phosphate buffer at pH7.3. The specimens were post-fixated in 1% osmium tetraoxide for 2 hours, washed with cacodylate buffer, dehydrated in a series of ascending ethanol baths, critical point dried, coated with gold in a vacuum evaporator, and observed with a scanning electron microscope(JEOL, JSM-840-A, 20kV). For histologic examination taken specimens were embedded in paraffin, sectioned 6-8micrometer in thickness. The specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin stain method, examined under light microscope. The results were as follows; 1. The patency rate of control group was 92% and experimental group was 86%. 2. Endothelial cells regeneration at the anastomosis site of both group was partially appeared on the 1st week after experiment. 3. On the 2nd week after experiment, anastomosis site was completely covered with regenerated endothelial cell in both group, and the endothelial cell proliferated toward the graft at experimental group. 4. On the 4th, 8th week after experiment, the grafted artery was partially covered with endothelial cell at experimental group.
Allografts* ; Animals ; Arteries ; Baths ; Cacodylic Acid ; Carotid Arteries ; Endothelial Cells ; Ethanol ; Humans ; Osmium ; Paraffin ; Perfusion ; Prostheses and Implants ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Regeneration ; Research Personnel ; Thrombosis ; Transplants ; Vacuum ; Veins

PURPOSE: This study was designed to analyze the short-term clinical and functional outcomes of perineal rectosigmoidectomy with levatoroplasty for complete rectal prolapse. METHODS: The data were prospectively collected and consisted of the clinical data, the functional status before and after surgery, the operation record, and the postoperative course. The functional status was evaluated by using Wexner's constipation score (0-30), Wexner's incontinence score (0-20), anorectal manometry, and pudendal nerve terminal motor latency. Follow-up was performed at 3-6 months after the operation by using both a standardized questionnaire completed in the outpatient clinic or telephone interview (n=23) and an anorectal physiology test (n=7). RESULTS: During a one-year period, 23 patients (male=10) underwent perineal rectosigmoidectomy with levatoroplasty for complete rectal prolapse. The median duration of the operations was 88 minutes. The median length of postoperative hospital stay was 6 days. There was one urinary tract infection and no mortalities. The constipation score was significantly decreased after the operation (9.8 vs 3.8; P<0.001), and constipation was improved in 90 percent (19/21) of the cases. The incontinence score was significantly decreased after surgery (mean preop.=11.6, postop.=3.7; P<0.001) and incontinence was improved in 17 of 21 patients with impaired continence (81 percent). Anal sphincter function was not improved but rectal reservoir capacity was significantly decreased after surgery (rectal urgent volume (45.7 cc vs 37.1 cc; P=0.045), maximal tolerable volume (120 cc vs 85.7; P=0.011). Most patients (83 percent) felt that the operation had improved their symptoms. The major reasons for dissatisfaction after surgery were frequent defecation, fecal soiling, persistent or aggravated fecal incontinence, and recurrence. One patient had a complete recurrence (4.3 percent), and another patient had a mucosal prolapse which was treated. CONCLUSIONS: Perineal rectosigmoidectomy with levatoroplasty for complete rectal prolapse is a safe technique with acceptable short-term functional results; however, it is not recommended for rectal prolapse patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Anal Canal ; Constipation ; Defecation ; Fecal Incontinence ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; Length of Stay ; Manometry ; Mortality ; Physiology ; Prolapse ; Prospective Studies ; Pudendal Nerve ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rectal Prolapse* ; Recurrence ; Soil ; Urinary Tract Infections

The pattern of periodic sharp wave complexes (PSWC) was widely accepted as the most characteristic electroencepalographic(EEG) abnormality in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) although it may be lacking in prodromal and terminal stages. The EEG abnormalities are often asymmetric. We compared PSWC with 18F-FDG PET and brain MRI finding to know the signifcance of PSWC. All the patients had typical clinical courses and symptoms of CJD. Three patients were pathologically verified. Three patients were in full stage and two in terminal stage of CJD. We analysed PSWC in digital EEG and compared the regions of maximal PSWC amplitudes with 18F-FDG PET and brain-MRI finding in regard to lateralization and localization. Regarding lateralization, the maximal amplitudes of PSWC were observed over left frontal area in two patients and over right frontal region in three. Three patients in full stage had PET hypometabolism in the same hemisphere as PSWC were lateralized. Their brain MRI showed abnormal basal ganglia intensities but no sever brain atrophy. Two patients in terminal stage had PSWC lateralized in right frontal region but in PET one had left frontoparietal and the other bilateral global hypometabolism. Their brain-MRI showed severe cortical atrophy in the same hemisphere as PET hypometabolism was observed. Regarding all patients in full or terminal stage had maximal PSWC in frontal region, which were not consistent with PET and MRI findings. Cortical lesions in MRI were well corresponding with PET hypometabolism but not with PSWC. These results suggest that PSWC could reflect the hemisphere with more CJD activities in full stage, but could not localize the region where PET and MRI showed abnormalities, suggesting that the generation of PSWC could be related with the involvement of subcortical structures in CJD.
Atrophy ; Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome* ; Electroencephalography ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging