This study was performed in order to evaluate the sero-epidemiological status of toxoplasmosis in pregnant Korean women. Among 5, 175 sera and 750 amniotic fluid samples obtained from pregnant women, 41 serum samples (0.79%) and 10 (1.33%) amniotic fluid samples tested positive for IgG antibodies by ELISA. Fifty one cases showing a score more than 0.25 on ELISA were tested for PCR reaction against the SAG1 gene. Only one case of the 51 ELISA positive cases exhibited a positive reaction on all tests. This case had a history of acute nephropyelitis during early pregnancy, but fortunately, had delivered a phenotypically healthy baby. In this study, the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women was found to be comparatively low, consistent with previous reports from Korea. However our trials, performed with a variety of diagnostic tools, were considered to be useful for the precise diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis.
Adult ; Animals ; Antibodies, Protozoan/*blood ; Female ; Humans ; Korea/epidemiology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/diet therapy/*epidemiology ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Toxoplasma/*immunology ; Toxoplasmosis/*epidemiology

No abstract available.
Follow-Up Studies* ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Stomach*

An antrochoanal polyp is a solitary polypoid mass that arises from the maxillary sinus, and protrudes through the natural ostium into the middle meatus, and reaches the choana, The polyp does not differ histologically from an ordinary nasal polyp, which is composed of edematous, hyperplastic submucosal connective tissue stroma, and is relatively hypocellular, In this sequence of events. Its computed tomographic(CT)findings are characteristic. We retrospectively analyzed CT studies of nine cases, all of which showed similar CT findings; a solitary, homogeneous, hypodense mass without bony destruction that extends from the maxillary sinus through the widened ostium into the choana.
Connective Tissue ; Maxillary Sinus ; Nasal Polyps ; Polyps* ; Retrospective Studies

Although the mechanism of the development of hypertension has not been fully elucidated, abnormal ion transport across the cardiovascular musle membrance may play some role in this mechanism. The elevation of intraceular sodium by inhibition of the Na(+), K(+)-ATPase diminshes the sodium gradient for calcium extrusion and/or increase Na(+)/Ca(++) exchange across the cell membrance. In any event, contractility and vascular tone of cardiovascular system can be incresed as reslut of an increase of intracellular calcium. Recently it is reported that the defects of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase occur in spontaneously hypertensive rat(SHR) hearts, compared to control normotensive Spargue Dawley(SD) rat hearts. However, one missing, unresolved question arose in the previous reports in whether the reduced Na(+)-pump activity in the heart of SHR is associated with the development of hypertension itself in these animals or is a consequence of inhertied pathological features that later reslut in a reduced pump activity. In order to clearify this question it is attempted to measured to measure the change of the Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activities in cardiac sarcolemma purified from both the normotensive SD rats and SHR rats during growth ; Simultaneously the charge of cation concentration in both intracellular space(RBC) and extracelluar space(ECF) are measured to the erythrocyte test(Garay and Meyer) applied to the clinical investiation of hypertension. The results obtained are summarized as follows ; 1) The systolic blood pressure of 7 week old SHR was 120-130mmHg, which was not significantly different from that of the age-matched SD rats. However, the blood pressure was elevated to 160-170mmHg in 13-15 week old SHR, even elevated to 190mmHg in one of 19 week old SHR. On the other hand, SHR, in which hypertension was well established had pronounced cardiac hypertrophy. 2) The Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activities in cardiac sarcolemma of the SHR rats were decreased gradually as hypertension established.The decrease of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase was well associated with the increase of intracellular potassium concentration.By contrast, thr Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activities and cation transports og the normotensive SD rats were not significanlty chaged during growth. 3) The charges of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activities in SHR were specific because the activities of Ca(++)-ATPase which is one of the membrance bound enzyme were not changed during growth appeared to be a major fator which generated hypertension in SHR rats. However, question on how the Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activities are decreased and which event is initiative between reduction of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase and development of hypertension are still remained unclear. Recent literature suggests the there might be a genetic factor, so-called Na(+)-pump inhibitor, involved in the meachanism.
Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Calcium ; Cardiomegaly ; Cardiovascular System ; Erythrocytes ; Hand ; Heart ; Hypertension ; Ion Transport ; Potassium ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR* ; Sarcolemma ; Sodium

No abstract available.

The use of external fixator is popular in the treatment of open tibial fracture, severe comminuted fracture and segmental fracture, which minimizes further soft tissue injury and provides rigie fixation. The purpose of this study was to determine the complications and effectiveness of external fixation for treating the fractures of tibia. 33 patients with tibial fracture had been treated with external fixator from April 1993 to April 1994 at the orthopaedic department of Kang Dong Catholic General Hospital. We analysed 23 cases(21 patients) which could be followed up more than 12 months. The results were as follows; 1. Average duration with external fixator was 15.1 weeks. 2. Average time of bone union was 22.9 weeks. 3. 6 cases of pin tract infection were developed and they were treated with curettage and drainage, local antibiotics therapy, pin translation, or removal of external fixator. 4. The delayed union were developed in 5 cases, angulation deformity in 1 case, chronic osteomyelitis in 2 cases and soft tissue defect in 1 case. 5. Secondary operations caused by delayed union, valgus deformity, skin defect and bone exposure, were performed in 6 cases. 6. The use of external fixator provided good result in open fracture, intraarticular comminuted fracture, segmental fracture, and multiple injury, but chronic osteomyelitis and articular stiffness were developed in some cases.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Curettage ; Drainage ; External Fixators ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Fractures, Open ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Multiple Trauma ; Osteomyelitis ; Skin ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Tibia ; Tibial Fractures

Between january 1, 1981 and December 31, 1986, 1,310 Cesarean sections (26.7%) were performed among 4,898 paturient women at St. Mary's pospital, Catholic Medical College. The perioperative condition of the newborns along with morbidity and mortality after Cesarean section wha analyzed. The incidencea of Cesarean sections between 1981 and 1986 were 25.0% 27 .6%, 23.4%, 29.5%, 31.2% and 27.1%, respectively. The anesthetic methods employed were inhalation anesthesia with thiopental sodium for induction and nitrous oxide-oxygen-halothane for maintenance of anesthesia. This study did net include the 76 cases of lumbar epidural or spinal technique performed during this Period. Based on one minute Apgar scores, 82 infants (6.26%) were assessed as moderately (score 4-6) depressed, and 44 infants (3.36%) were rated as severely (score 0~3) depressed. Twenty (45.5%) of the severely depressed newborns were promptly resuscitated and given ade- quate treatement, but 11 infants (25.0%) did not survive. The incidence of idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) in this study was 9 cases (0.79%) Ammong 7he total 1,310 cases; this induded 7 cases of premature birth or low birth weight and 2 cases of aspiration pneumonia. The mortality of the IRDS group was 4 of 9 cases (44.4%). Among the severely depressed group, the time from induction to delivery was five minutes in 8 case? (18.2%) , six to ten minutes in 22 cases (57.777) and more than 11 minutes in 14 cases (31.8%) . The pro7n7stic status of newborn babies was evaluated with respect to the anesthetic procedure and the outcome of deliveries by Cesarean sections performed between 1981 and 1986 at St. Mar's Hospital, Catholic Medical College, Seoul, Korea.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Inhalation ; Cesarean Section* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn* ; Korea ; Mortality ; Pneumonia, Aspiration ; Pregnancy ; Premature Birth ; Seoul ; Thiopental

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous malignant melanoma represents a tumor arising within the melanocytic systems of the skin. Once considered an uncommon cancer, melanoma is now rising in incidence at a rate faster than any other cancer. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinico-pathological characteristics of malignant melanoma. METHODS: A total of 61 patients with malignant melanoma were enrolled in this retrospective study. We classified malignant melanoma as follows; ALMM, acral lentigious malignant melanoma, NMM, nodular malignant melanoma, SSMM, superficial spreading malignant melanoma, MM, mucosal melanoma, LMM, lentigo maligna melanoma. We used the staging system of American Joint Committee on Cancer to evaluate the clinical status in our subjects. The hospital charts and histopathological slides of patients with malignant melanoma diagnosed at Asan Medical Center from 1989 to 1999 were reviewed. Immunohistochemical study was performed for S-100 and HMB-45 in 10 cases and for Ki-67 in 5 cases. RESULTS: 1. The male to female ratio was 1.3. The mean age at diagnosis was 52.6 years. ALMM was the most common type(52.5%) in this study. ALMM and NMM developed in elderly persons, while SSMM developed in younger persons. Malignant melanomas arising from pre-existing mole were 10 cases(16.4%). 2. In forty two cases(68.9%), malignant lesions were limited to skin, but 19 cases(31.1%) were disseminated to lymph nodes, skin or internal organ at the initial examination. Sole and heel were the favored sites in ALMM. Lower extremities and back were the favored sites in NMM and SSMM. Four patients were initially presented with metastatic symptoms such as dyspnea, abdominal mass, headache, or axillary mass, and cutaneous malignant melanoma eventually were diagnosed as their origin. 3. Histopathologically, 6 cases were categorized into amelanotic type and 1 case was into desmoplastic type. 4. More than a half cases developed metastases to other organs. Common metastatic sites were lymph nodes, lung, brain, skin, liver, bone, and bladder in decreasing order of frequency. 5. The five-year survival rate was 100% in stage IA, IB, and IIA but 0% in stage IV. Face, chest and lower extremities showed worse prognosis. Men had worse prognosis than women. NMM revealed the lowest 5-year survival rate(30%). CONCLUSION: Among the prognostic factors such as locations, clinical types, ages, and gender, the stages at the initial presentation was the most important predictable value in our study. Therefore, the early recognition of malignant melanoma is the key to possible cure.
Aged ; Brain ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Headache ; Heel ; Humans ; Hutchinson's Melanotic Freckle ; Incidence ; Joints ; Liver ; Lower Extremity ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Melanoma* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Survival Rate ; Thorax ; Urinary Bladder

No abstract available.
Angiofibroma ; Carbon ; Carbon Dioxide ; Lasers, Gas

No abstract available.
Gastric Emptying*