Child protective services, or the child protection system (CPS), forms the most front line safety net for abused and neglected children. The prerequisite for its activities lies in the awareness of promoting child's rights, which are well described in the United Nation's Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), and of the significant impact of child abuse and neglect as the origins to other social problems. Child protective services in Korea are carried on by 17 Centers for the Prevention of Child Abuse which have been opened since Octorber 2000 based on the amended Child Welfare Law which came into effect as of July 2000. The 24-hour telephone hotlines, numbered "1391", have been installed within the Centers. The counselors quickly respond to the reports, investigate the alleged cases of children and families with necessary services. This paper aims at the improvement of the understanding of child's rights and how the safety net, as the advocator for abused and neglected children, is functioning in Korea.
Child ; Child Abuse* ; Child Protective Services ; Child Welfare ; Child* ; Counseling ; Hotlines ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Korea* ; Social Problems

No abstract available.
Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex* ; Herpes Simplex*

No abstract available.
Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex* ; Herpes Simplex*

The authors experienced a case of anterior uneitis associated with secondary glaucoma caused by a cycitsercosis cellulosae in the anterior chamber of the left eye of a 39-year-old Korean male. The cyst appeared from the posterior surface of the iris through the pupillary margin of 10-o'clock position and grew larger and larger with automatic active movements, filling finally the nasal upper one third of the anterior chamber, but the cyst did not change the position to the 6-o'clock chamber angle. The cysticercus grown for almost four months was extracted successfully with a teethless, serrated, curved forceps with some resistance after opening the anterior chamber from 7~11-o'clock position without iris prolapse and any damage to the anterior lens capsule. The extracted cyst with the size of 8 mm X 6 mm X 3 mm was confirmed as a cysticercus cellulosae by parasitological examinations (Fig. 2,3). After the extraction of the cysticercus the uveitis and the increased intraocular tension subsided completely, remaining some brownish fine keratic precipitates, pigment masses on the anterior surface of the lens and irregularly somewhat dilated pupil due to partial posterior synechia. The naked vision O.S., however, was 20/25 using pin hole, and the eye has been still quiet during last 3 and half years following surgical extraction. In addition the authors have recently seen three cases of subconjunctival cystiticercosis cellulosae. In the first case the cysticercus with the size of 8 mm X 7 mm X 4 mm appeared at the nasal superior part of the bulbar conjunctiva O.D. of a three-year-old Korean male. In the second case the cyst with the size of 7 mm X 5 mm X 3 mm was seen at the nasal inferior part of the bulbar conjunctiva O.S. of a 12-year old Korean female. In the last case the cyst with the size of 10 mm X 8 mm X 5 mm was located beneath the plica semilunaris of 3-o'clock position O.D. of a 58-year-old Korean female. All the cysts were extracted successfully without any rupture, and they were confirmed as the cysticercus cellulosae histologically.
Adult ; Anterior Chamber* ; Child ; Conjunctiva ; Cysticercosis* ; Cysticercus* ; Female ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Iris ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prolapse ; Pupil ; Rupture ; Surgical Instruments ; Uveitis

No abstract available.

The fact that trochanteric hip fractures are best treated by internal fixation is generally accepted in recent time, since this method provides satisfactory positioning of the fragments and obviates the hazards of recumbency. Consecutive seventy-two cases of trochanteric hip fractures were treated at the Department ef Orthopaedic Surgery, National Medical Center from 1965 to 1974. Despite death and lack of follow-up of certain cases, the late results were analysed and presented in 41cases out of 72 cases. 1. In sex difference, 30 of the patients were males and 11 were females. Forty-one percents of the patients were over 51 years of age, and the most common age group was 4th decade. 2. The most common cause of fracture was due to traffic accident. 3. Among 41 cases, 36 were treated with open reduction and internal fixation, and the rest were treated conservatively. Various devices were available for internal fixation; 21 Smith-Peterson or Thornton nails with McLaughlin plates, 5 Jewett nailing, 4. Smith-Peterson nailing plus Multiple screwing, 5 compression screwing and one multiple pinning. 4. Early weight bearing was permitted in 6 cases provided firm internal fixation after anatomical reduction, in an average of 5 weeks postoperatively. Three unstable intertrcchanteric fractures were treated by primary medial displacement fixation in valgus position, and got satisfactory results. 5. The average time in fracture healing was 16 weeks roentgenologically. 6. Complications after internal fixation were most common in the patients of Boyd and Griffin Type III fracture. 7. Owing to short duration of follow up, the number of patients who were treated with various sliding nails and compression hip screws were excluded in this paper.
Accidents, Traffic ; Female ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Healing ; Hip Fractures ; Hip ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Sex Characteristics ; Weight-Bearing

OBJECTS: Many studies have demonstrated greater frequency of soft neurologic signs in patients with schizophrenia than in controls. However, factors associated with chronicity, institutionalization, individual differences and neuroleptic medication make it difficult to interpret these results. We report on our ongoing study of soft neurologic signs and their relationship to neuroleptics and institutionalization in schizophrenia. METHODS: Soft neurologic signs were examined with a standardized instrument, Neurological Evaluation Scale- Korean Version(NES-K) in 11 neuroleptic-naive patients with schizophrenia, 17 neuroleptic-treated patients and 14 chronically institutionalized patients. RESULTS: Scores of total items(p<0.005), sensory integration(p<0.05), sequencing of complex motor acts(p<0.05) and others(p<0.01) functional areas of NES-K were significantly different among three groups. There was no difference in the area of motor coordination. Posthoc analysis showed that scores of total items(p<0.005) and sensory integration areas(p<0.01) of NES-K were significantly higher in the institutionalized patients than those of neuroleptic-naive group. However scores of sequencing of complex motor act and others categories were not different in the institutionalized and neuroleptic-naive patients. CONCLUSION: These findings suggested that neuroleptic treatment or chronic institutionalization might partially affect soft neurologic signs, especially sensory integration area, in patients with schizophrenia. However, the soft neurologic signs of motor coordination area could be a biological trait marker of schizophrenia independent of confounding variables.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Humans ; Individuality ; Institutionalization ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Schizophrenia

Tetrodotoxin is a neurotoxin produced by about 90 species of puffer fish and causes paralysis of central nervous system and peripheral nerves by blocking the movement of all monovalent cations. Ingestion of tetrodotoxin produces clinical manifestations such as paresthesias(within 10-45 min), vomiting, lightheadedness, salivation, muscle twitching, dysphagia, difficulty in speaking, convulsion and death that expressed by cardiopulmonary arrest with loss of brain stem reflex sometimes. Tetrodotoxin prevents or delays ischemia induced neuronal death by way of following 3 mechanisms. Firstly, it reduces the energy demand of the brain tissues. Secondly, it delays or even prevents anoxic depolarization. Finally, it diminishes ischemia induced cell swelling and cerebral edema. We report a case of puffer fish poisoning which presented with cardiopulmonary arrest and loss of brain stem reflex, but completely recovered by aggressive cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Brain ; Brain Edema ; Brain Stem ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Cations, Monovalent ; Central Nervous System ; Deglutition Disorders ; Dizziness ; Eating ; Heart Arrest ; Ischemia ; Neurons ; Paralysis ; Peripheral Nerves ; Poisoning* ; Reflex ; Salivation ; Seizures ; Tetraodontiformes* ; Tetrodotoxin ; Vomiting

Malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare non-epithelial, mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract that metastasize or recur in 30% of patients who undergo surgical resection with curative intent. A 59-year-old man visited our hospital for an examination of a palpable mass in the left abdomen. Fourteen months prior to his visit, the patient underwent gastric wedge resection to remove a GIST of the gastric cardia. At the time of surgery, no evidence of metastatic disease was observed and the pathological interpretation was a high-risk GIST. A follow-up computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed a partially necrotic solid mass (9.8 x 7.6 cm) and enhancing mass in the spleen (2.3 cm). On exploration, multiple masses were found in the liver, greater omentum, and mesentery. Here, we report a case of recurring GIST of the stomach that metastasized to the spleen. To the best of our knowledge, few reports of metastasis to the spleen exist.
Abdomen ; Cardia ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Liver ; Mesentery ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Omentum ; Spleen ; Stomach

ERCP was performed in 38 cases of clonorchiasis of the liver, which was confirmed by stool egg test withStoll's dilution method from Apr. 1979 to Oct. 1982. The resuls were as follows 1. The sex distribution ofclonorchiasis showed marked male predominance by 97.4% and age distrigution were higher in 5th and 6th decades. 2.Multiple small filling defects in the intrahepatic bile duct was the most characteristic finding in ERCP and widespread irregular stenosis, dilatation of terminal portion, disturbance of peripheral filling, fuziness andraggedness of intrahepatic duct were also noted. 3. The severity of clonorchiasis by ERCP were classifed asfollows; Grade I-7 cases (18.4%), GradeII-9 cases(23.7%) Grade III-12 cases (31.6%) and Grade IV-10 cases(26.3%)4. Chronic cholecystitis 10 cases(26.3%), Billary tree stone 7 cases (18.4%), malignancy of distal CBD 1 case(2.6%) were found with clonorchiasis by ERCP. 5. Three cases, treated with Niclofolan, showed marked improvementof pathology on follow-up ERCP.
Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Cholecystitis ; Clonorchiasis ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Dilatation ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver ; Male ; Methods ; Niclofolan ; Ovum ; Pathology ; Sex Distribution ; Trees