No abstract available.
Animals ; Euonymus* ; Mice*

No abstract available.
Evidence-Based Medicine/methods ; Humans ; Male ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/methods ; Prostatectomy/*methods ; Robotic Surgical Procedures/*methods

No abstract available.
Aneurysm* ; Renal Artery*

A 67 year old male patients was anesthetized with halothane for a open reduction of the fractured right femur shaft. The patient was admitted to the emergency room after he had cerebra1 contusion and fracture of the femoral shaft by a traffic, accident. Anesthesia was continued for one and a, half hours without any problem. At around one and a half hours of anesthesia, the patient developed cardiac arrest and resuscitation was performed immediately. The patient's life was saved by resuscitation and the operation was completed without any further problem. At the time of the resuscitation, a tension pneumothorax was recognized but anesthesia was continued with immediate, proper management. Closed thoracotomy was performed at the recovery room after anesthesia and the patient recovered from anesthesia without any other problem.
Aged ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation* ; Contusions ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Femur ; Halothane ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Male ; Pneumothorax* ; Recovery Room ; Resuscitation ; Thoracotomy

Induced hypotension is a well established adjunct to anesthesia which provides improved operating conditions for a wide variety of surgical procedures without significantly increasing the risk to the patient. Since introduction of hypotensive anesthesia in 1964 by Gardner, there has been a wide choice of methods for inducing hypotension during anesthesia, most of which are based on the concept of arteriolar dilatation. Hypotensive anesthesia was attempted on ten patients for total hip replacements which were done at Gospel Hospital, from Feb. to Oct. in 1979. The patients selected did not have a liver problem, and this was determined by SGOT and SGPT, and without a limit of age or sex. The hypotension was induced with 2~3% halothane, 50% N2O and 50%, O2and the blood pressure averaged for systolic pressure 71. 22 mmHg and for diastolic pressure 50. 09 mmHg, The average duration of the induced hypotension was 57. 0 minutes and the blood loss during operation was 300 ml on average. During the hypotensive anesthesia, the urine output decreased by 27. 0% and during the recovery period from hypotension urine output increased by 20%. On our experience, we can conclude that hypotensive anesthesia provides good operative conditions and can be performed without damage to vital organs and can reduce blood loss during operation.
Alanine Transaminase ; Anesthesia* ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip* ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Blood Pressure ; Dilatation ; Halothane ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Liver

No abstract avaiable.
Glucose* ; Homeostasis*

The treatment of pain in the back and extremities remains empirical. The application of surface electrodes to the dorsal columns of the spinal cord has been used by Shealy. The rationale. for dorsal column stimulation has been the “gate control theory” of pain proposed by Melzack and Wall. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is well recognized for its effectiveness in pain relief. The authors studied 48 cases of group A (physiotherapy, medication) and compared them with 43 cases of group B(physiotherapy, medication 'and diadynamic current), in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University Hospital, from April, 1983, to June, 1984. The results were as follows: 1. Significant relief of pain was noted in group B in long term follow up of acute pain in the back and extremities. 2. In long term follow-up of group B, there was more improvement than in group A, especially when there was radiating pain in the extermities with or without back pain. 3. In long term follow-up according to the causes of the pain, there was more improvement in group B than in group A in cases of herniated nucleus pulposus and low back syndrome. From a consideration of these studies, it was concluded that satisfactory results were obtained from diadynamic current treatment for the patient with pain in the back and extremities.
Acute Pain ; Back Pain ; Electrodes ; Extremities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Orthopedics ; Spinal Cord ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation

Lumbar spinal stenosis may be defined as any type of narrowing of the spinal canal, nerve root canals or intervertebral foramina. It may be local, segmental or generalized and may be caused by the encroachment of bone or soft tissue. The narrowing may involve the bony canal alone or the dural sac or both. Routine conventional radiographs or sagittal tomographs cannot accurately assess the midsagittal diameters of the lumbar canal or detect encroachment on the canal by osteoarthritis articular facets. However, myelography and computed tomography provide a means for distinguishing between herniation of a disc and bony encroachment on the spinal cord. The goals of surgical treatment in lumbar spinal stenosis are the relief of pain and the preservation or restoration of neurological functi ions. The surgical strategy is based on the patients symptoms and roentgenographic findings. Eighty-two operative cases of lumbar spinal stenosis were analyzed who were admitted in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery at Yonsei University College of Medicine from January, 1979, to July, 1984. The male female ratio was 1.3:1 and 66 cases (80.5%) included in their 50's and 60's. The results of the study are as follows: 1. Clinical symptoms included aggravation of pain during back extension (28.0%); back pain with radiating pain (22.0%); paresthesia of extremities (18.3%); back pain only (13.4%); and claudication (12.2%). 2. On physical examination, the straight leg raising test showed positive results in 25.6%, motor changes occurred in 24.4%, sensory changes in 20.7%, and DTR changes in 11.0%. 3. The most frequent level of spinal stenosis, L5-Sl invertebral space, was found in 68.3%(56cases) followed by L4-L5 intervertebral space found in 61.0% (50 cases). 4. Operative findings induded 31 lesions (46.3%) identified as herniated or ruptured discs,20 lesions (29.9%) identified as thickening of lamina and ligamentum flavum, and 5 lesions (7.5%) as compression of a nerve root by scar adhesion. 5. Of the 67 patients (81.7%) operated through the posterior surgical approach, 52 cases (77.6%) were effective; and of the 15 patients operated on by the anterior surgical approach, 9 cases (60.0%) were effective. 6. When the duration of symptoms was less than 1 year and the involved level of spinal stenosis was less than 2, operative results were satisfactory. 7. When there was a degenerative type of stenosis without a herniated or ruptured disc, operative results were excellent. 8. For post operative external support, 32 cases (39.0%) wore body jacket cast and 38 cases (46.3%) wore back braces.
Back Pain ; Braces ; Cicatrix ; Clinical Study ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; Extremities ; Female ; Humans ; Ions ; Leg ; Ligamentum Flavum ; Male ; Myelography ; Orthopedics ; Osteoarthritis ; Paresthesia ; Physical Examination ; Spinal Canal ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Stenosis

PURPOSE: Microangiography is an experimental radiologic technique for evaluation of the morphology and the function of small vessels. The purpose of this study is to introduce a good microangiographic technique and to present the microangiographic appearance of normal hepatic vascular pattern. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five white rabbits weighing 2.5-2.9Kg were objected. Polyethylene catheters were inserted in portal vein and then in IVC. Heparin mixed normal saline (2cc/1000cc) was infused through portal vein and blood was drained to IVC. Barium suspension was infused via the catheter placed in portal vein untill the liver surface showed satisfactory finding in barium filling. The liver was removed and this preparation was fixed in 10% formaline for 7 days. After fixation, the liver was sectioned on 1-2mm thickeness. The slices were radiographed on high resolution plate using Faxitron. H-E staining of liver tissue was also done. RESULTS: The microbrium was well distributed in all small vessels without filling defect. And we could find the hexagonal shaped classic liver Iobule, in which the central vein was located at central portion and portal vein at periphery. The enlargement was showed numerous sinusoids, but there was less dye in the central portion of Iobule, but the central vein was well filled by microbarium. The peripheral portion of Iobule was well filled with microbarium. So, we could find diamond shaped liver acinus, in which central vein was located at priperal portion and the center of liver acinus was terminal portal vein that growed out from a small portal space. The three acini made the complex acinus and acinar agglomerate was composed of three or four complex acini. CONCLUSION: It is considered that the liver acinus pattern of Rapparport is more acceptable on microangiography than the classic concept of hepatic Iobule.
Barium ; Catheters ; Diamond ; Formaldehyde ; Heparin ; Liver* ; Polyethylene ; Portal Vein ; Rabbits ; Veins

This study was designed to investigate the effects of buthanol (BuOH) fraction of pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb et Zucc) needle on cholesterol and lipofuscin (LF) accumulations, acetylcholine (ACh) and its related enzyme activities such as choline acetyltransferase (CAhT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and monoamone oxidase-B (MAO-B) activity, which destroyed the catecholamine-related neurotransmitters in brain membranes of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Male SD rats were fed basic diets (control group) or experimental diets (BuOH-25, BuOH-50 and BuOH-100) for 45 days. Cholesterol accumulations in mitochondria and microsomes were significantly inhibited (about 14 - 17% and 23 - 34%, respectvely) in BuOH-50 and BuOH-100 groups, whereas LF levels were significantly inhibited (about 10 - 14%) in BuOH-50 and BuOH-100 groups compared with control group. ACh levels and ChAT activities were significantly increased (about 11 - 17% and 11 - 23%, respectively) in membranes of BuOH-50 and BuOH-100 groups compared with control group. AChE activities were significantly increased (about 14 - 17%) in membranes of BuOH-50 and BuOH-100 groups. There was no significant difference in MAO-B activities between control and experimental diet groups. The results suggest that butanol fraction of pine needle may play an effective role in an antiaging effect and improving a learning and memory impairments.
Acetylcholine* ; Acetylcholinesterase ; Animals ; Brain* ; Cholesterol ; Choline O-Acetyltransferase ; Diet ; Humans ; Learning ; Lipofuscin ; Male ; Membranes ; Memory ; Microsomes ; Mitochondria ; Monoamine Oxidase ; Needles* ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley