No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Aged* ; Humans ; Nutritional Support* ; Postoperative Care* ; Stomach Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital* ; Korea*

BACKGROUND: Fulminant hepatic failure is a devastating process associated with high mortality, but no sequele after recovep. At the moment, there are no specific therapeutic modalities except for the orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT) which is limited to a small number of patients due to a lack of donor organ. Recently, several nonsurgical managements have been investigated to overcome the donor shortage and to bridge patients to OLT. These include artificial hepatic support systems, hepatocyte transplantation and extracorporeal liver support. Xenotransplantation is also being investigated to circumbent the donor shortage. Hepatocyte transplantation:The application of liver cell transplantation has been envisioned for temporary metabolic support during liver failure, provision of specific liver functions in inherited metabolic diseases of the liver and as a vehicle for ex vivo gene therapy. Potential advantages over OLT are that the procedure is simple, hepatoyctes can be cryopreserved for immediate use in need, the cost is less expensive and abrogation of allograft rejection may be easier by the modification of antigenicity during culture. Moreover, donor shortage can be overcome by the use of fetal hepatocytes, conditionally immortalized hepatocytes and possibly liver progenitor cells. However, the optimum route and the method are still being investigated. Recently, biodegradable matrix or cotransplantation with non-parencymal liver cells is used to improve and prolong the survival of transplanted hepatocytes in the peritoneum, and injection of donor type splenocytes into the thymus along with ablation of the peripheral lymphocytes with antilymphocyte globulin is adopted to tolerize the recipient to allogeneic hepatocytes. BioartiTicial liver:Presently, several bioartificial liver systems use mammalian hepatocytes held within cartridges, mostly hollow- fiber bioreactor perfused by plasma or whole blood. Plasma is separated from patient blood using Background:Fulminant hepatic failure is a devastating process associated with high mortality, but no sequele after recovep. At the moment, there are no specific therapeutic modalities except for the orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT) which is limited to a small number of patients due to a lack of donor organ. Recently, several nonsurgical managements have been investigated to overcome the donor shortage and to bridge patients to OLT. These include artificial hepatic support systems, hepatocyte transplantation and extracorporeal liver support. Xenotransplantation is also being investigated to circumbent the donor shortage. Hepatocyte transplantation:The application of liver cell transplantation has been envisioned for temporary metabolic support during liver failure, provision of specific liver functions in inherited metabolic diseases of the liver and as a vehicle for ex vivo gene therapy. Potential advantages over OLT are that the procedure is simple, hepatoyctes can be cryopreserved for immediate use in need, the cost is less expensive and abrogation of allograft rejection may be easier by the modification of antigenicity during culture. Moreover, donor shortage can be overcome by the use of fetal hepatocytes, conditionally immortalized hepatocytes and possibly liver progenitor cells. However, the optimum route and the method are still being investigated. Recently, biodegradable matrix or cotransplantation with non-parencymal liver cells is used to improve and prolong the survival of transplanted hepatocytes in the peritoneum, and injection of donor type splenocytes into the thymus along with ablation of the peripheral lymphocytes with antilymphocyte globulin is adopted to tolerize the recipient to allogeneic hepatocytes. BioartiTicial liver:Presently, several bioartificial liver systems use mammalian hepatocytes held within cartridges, mostly hollow- fiber bioreactor perfused by plasma or whole blood. Plasma is separated from patient blood using
Allografts ; Antilymphocyte Serum ; Bioreactors ; Cell Transplantation ; Genetic Therapy ; Hepatocytes* ; Humans ; Liver ; Liver Failure* ; Liver Failure, Acute ; Liver, Artificial* ; Lymphocytes ; Metabolic Diseases ; Mortality ; Peritoneum ; Plasma ; Stem Cells ; Thymus Gland ; Tissue Donors ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Transplants

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Cerebral Palsy*

BACKGROUND: Williams syndrome is characterized by supravalvular aortic stenosis, mental retardation and peculiar facial appearance. Its genetic etiology is considered to be hemizygotic deletion in Chromosome 7q11.23 which includes the elastin gene. We examined the deletion in Korean Williams syndrome patients and their parents. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Sixteen patients were selected through careful clinical examination including echocardiography and cardiac angiography. Hemizygotic deletion of elastin gene was determined in patients and 21 parents with fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technique using the bacterial artificial chromosome clone 244H3 probe or commercial WSCR probe. RESULTS: FISH showed hemizygotic deletion of chromosome 7 in all sixteen patients but none of their parents showed deletion. CONCLUSION: Hemizygotic deletion of elastin gene can be determined by FISH with new probe 244H3 in clinically suspected Williams syndrome patients.
Angiography ; Aortic Stenosis, Supravalvular ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 ; Clone Cells ; Echocardiography ; Elastin* ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence* ; Intellectual Disability ; Parents ; Williams Syndrome*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Blood Pressure*

No abstract available.
Societies, Scientific*