No abstract available.
Conjunctivitis, Acute Hemorrhagic* ; Korea*

No abstract available.
Conjunctivitis, Acute Hemorrhagic* ; Korea*

Status epilepticus is a neurological emergency requiring immediate effective care to avoid permanent brain damage or death. There is no single ideal pharmacological agent that can be used for status epilepticus. The author has studied the effect of intravenous lorazepam in the tratment of status epilepticus occurring in eighteen patients. Lorazepam controlled status epilepticus in sixteen (88%) of the eighteen patents, showed no side effect such as depressant action on respiratory and cardiovascular system. Also it seemed that lorazepam acted rapidly and its effect lasted at least for over eight hours. Except a few cases who had had prolonged hangover, the injection seemed to be handy and safe treatment without requiring EKG monitoring and repeated electrolyte check etc. as in dilantinization.
Brain ; Cardiovascular System ; Electrocardiography ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Lorazepam* ; Phenytoin ; Status Epilepticus*

Status epilepticus is a neurological emergency requiring immediate effective care to avoid permanent brain damage or death. There is no single ideal pharmacological agent that can be used for status epilepticus. The author has studied the effect of intravenous lorazepam in the tratment of status epilepticus occurring in eighteen patients. Lorazepam controlled status epilepticus in sixteen (88%) of the eighteen patents, showed no side effect such as depressant action on respiratory and cardiovascular system. Also it seemed that lorazepam acted rapidly and its effect lasted at least for over eight hours. Except a few cases who had had prolonged hangover, the injection seemed to be handy and safe treatment without requiring EKG monitoring and repeated electrolyte check etc. as in dilantinization.
Brain ; Cardiovascular System ; Electrocardiography ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Lorazepam* ; Phenytoin ; Status Epilepticus*

During a period of four years the authors experienced eighteen cases of focal seizure disorder, showing small ring or nodular enhancement with surrouding low density on CT scans. In fifteen cases, the epileptogenic lesions decreased in size or resolved completely on serial CT scans. Three cases were explored surgically. Males and famales were equally affected. Their age ranged from six to fourtyfive years and fifteen patients were under the age of thirty years. The principal symptoms and signs consisted of focal siezures (17 cases), generalized seizure during sleep (1 case), focal neurological deficits (14 cases), and intracranial hypertension (4 cases). The lesions of CT scans were found frequently in the parietal and frontal lobes. The clinical course of this self-limited disorder was variable and well correlated with the change of CT findings. The histological findings were the typical tuberculoma and the caseating gramuloma containing calcium in two cases. In one case the enhancing nodule of CT scan was not resected and the tissue specimen around the nodule revealed nonspecific inflammation. The cause of this disorder might be tuberculoma, but in some cases we could not rule out cysticercosis.
Calcium ; Cysticercosis ; Epilepsies, Partial* ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Intracranial Hypertension ; Male ; Rabeprazole ; Seizures* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tuberculoma

The authors reviewed the medical records of 94 patients who met the strict diagnostic criteria of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). They were diagnosed and treated at Seoul National University Hospital from January 1983 to June 1984. The interrelationships among the age, clinical status on admission, findings on brain computerized tomography (CT), site of the ruptured aneurysm and the intracranial complicaions (ventricular dilatation, vasospasm, rebleeding) and their outcome were studied. Conclusions obtained are as follows: 1) The local clot on CT (especially associated with ICH and /or IVH) was more frequently found in clinically poor patients than in good ones. 2) Cerebral angiography (TFCAs, 53 cases) revealed the anterior communicating artery (A-COM) to be the most common site of aneurysm in 21 cases (39.6%) and multiple aneurysms in 5 cases (9.4% : two in 4 cases, three in 1 case) and no aneurysm in 9 cases (17%). Vasospasm on angiography was found in 27 cases (50.9%). 3) Ventricular dilatation, which was measured on the first CT after SAH, was detected in 43 cases (45.7%). High incidence was found in the cases showing a local clot on CT (53.4%), especially associated with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH; 83.3%), and in the cases of A-COM aneurysm rupture (52.4%; probably due to IVH). 4) The clinical vasospasm was edtected in 41 cases (43.6%). The interval between SAH and the development of clinical vasospasm ranged from from 3 to 35 days (mean 9.8 days). Thirty-five cases (85.4%) of them suffered from clinical vasospasm within 14 days. The incidence of clinical vasospasm steeply increased in the elderly patients (Fifties: 60%, Sixties: 66.7%) but that of findings of vasospasm on angiography (angiographic vasospasm) slowly increased with age. The local clot on CT seemed to be the most important factor of vasospasm, both clinically (51.7%) and angiographically (75%). The site of vasospasm on angiography was closely related with that of the ruptured aneurysm. 5) Rebleeding occurred in 21 cases (22.3%) with the interval ranging from 2 hours to 38 days (mean 10.1 days) after SAH and 14 cases (66.7%) of them rebled within 10 days. The shorter the interval after SAH, the higher the incidence. There were no definitely related factors affecting the rebleeding but it seemed to be affected to some extent by ICH and/or IVH on CT (31.3%). 6) Thirty-five cases (37.2%) diedof various causes. Mortality seemed to be most closely related with the clinical status on admission. Other related iactros were the aging, the local clot on CT (53.4%), especially associated with ICH and/or IVH (69.7%), and the development of various systemic or intracranial complications. Mortality seemed to be more closely related with ventricuar dilstation and rebleeding than with vasospasm. But it was suggested that vasospasm should be regrarded as a major cause of disabilities and an indirect cause of death.
Aged ; Aging ; Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, Ruptured ; Angiography ; Arteries ; Brain ; Cause of Death ; Cerebral Angiography ; Dilatation ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Rupture ; Seoul ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage*

The authors reviewed the medical records of 103 patients who were diagnosed and treated as myasthenia gravis (MG)at Seoul National University Hospital from March 1979 to March 1984. Among them 16 cases were selected according to the criteria of crisis in MG defined by Blaugrund SM et al(1964) and were studied with a special emphasis on crisis as a natural course of MG in Korea. The authors studied about the incidence of crisis, the aggravating factors or causes, the relationship between crisis and thymus pathology, and the clinical appllcability of the modified classification of crises in MG including a newly-defined steroid-inducd crisis. The results were not significantly different from those by others in general. The incidence rate of crisis was 16% and highest in the female group having the onest of MG in the fourth decade of life. Four patients(25%) had thymomas(2, noninvasive: 2, invasive). The intervals between the onset of MG and the first crises were significantly shorter in male patients and thymoma group, showing the more fulminant course in them. Some probable risk factors were suggested, though not analyzed statistically, which might foretell the prognosis of each patient having MG and might help management and prevention of crisis. They were as follows: (1) Female with onset of MG in her fourth decade, (2) Male with duration less than one year, (3) Patient with thymoma, (4) Patient classified into Osserman's group III, (5) Patient with brittle MG, (6) Patient with an infectious process, especially with repiratory infection Early detection of respiratory insufficiency, intensive respiratory care, and removal of aggravating causes as soon as possible played the critical role in the management of patients at crises. It could also be concluded that steroid therapy was an important therapeutic step during crisis in brittle myasthenics. The outcome of crises was 19% of fatality rate in crises(3 deaths among 16 cases) and 3% mortality rate in MG. There was no recurrence in 11 survivors and followup was lost in two other survivors.
Classification ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Myasthenia Gravis* ; Pathology ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Risk Factors ; Seoul ; Survivors ; Thymoma ; Thymus Gland

Shy-Drager syndrome is a multisystem degenerative disorder of the central nervous system in which progressive autonomic failure such as orthostatic hypotension, urinary or fecal incontinence, impotence and anhidrosis is a main feature. The nonautonomic neurological abnormalities include parkinsonia, cerebellar and pyramidal signs. In 1984 we met 3 such cases at Seoul National University Hospital and present them here with a brief review of literatures.
Central Nervous System ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Fecal Incontinence ; Hypohidrosis ; Hypotension, Orthostatic ; Male ; Seoul ; Shy-Drager Syndrome*

The authors studied the diagnostic value of the oligoclonal band in cerebrospinal fluid in various neurological disorders. Cerebrospinal fluid of thirty-one patients including eight cases of multiple sclerosis was tested for oligoclonal band by agarose gel electrophoresis using the Helena Titan Gel High Resolution Protein System. Oligoclonal bands were detected in eleven cases of various disorders (two cases of optic neuritis, three cases of multiple sclerosis, three cases of CNS cysticercosis, and three cases of other disorders). This study suggested that detection of oligoclonal band in CSF was of usdful diagnostic aid in multiple sclerosis in addition to CSF IgG/Albumin ratio and CSF IgG index.
Cerebrospinal Fluid* ; Cysticercosis ; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Multiple Sclerosis ; Nervous System Diseases ; Oligoclonal Bands* ; Optic Neuritis ; Saturn

No abstract available.
Antibodies* ; Chungcheongnam-do* ; Diagnosis* ; Immunoglobulin G* ; Immunoglobulin M* ; Orientia tsutsugamushi* ; Rickettsia* ; Scrub Typhus*