Recintly it was reported that Insertion / Deletion polymorphism in the gene coding for Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) is asscoiated with human capacity for physical performance. This study was performed to genotyping of the ACE gene to determine the correlation between elite endurance performance and ACE I/D gene polymorphism. DNA sample was obtained from peripheral blood, hair roots and mouth epithelial cell in 739 general population and 200 elite athletic performance students. The ACE gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using allele specific oligonucleotide primers. 155, 525 bp and 237 bp PCR products indicating the presence of insertion(I) and deletion(D) alleles, respectively, were clearly resolved after electrophoresis on a 2% agarose gel with ethidium bromide. Of the 200 elite athletic performance population subfects, 68(34%) showed ACE genotype 11,100(50%) genotype ID and 32(16%) genotype DD. Of the 739 general papulation subjects, 259(35.1%) showed ACE genotype 11,363(49.1%) genotype ID and 117(15.8%) genotype DD. Therefore ACE I/D gene polymorphism was not associated with human capacity for physical performance.(p>0.05)
Alleles ; Angiotensins* ; Athletic Performance ; Clinical Coding ; DNA ; DNA Primers ; Electrophoresis ; Epithelial Cells ; Ethidium ; Genotype ; Hair ; Humans ; Korea* ; Mouth ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sepharose

PURPOSE: As orbital involvement in multiple myeloma is rare, the correct diagnosis is usually difficult. We report a case of multiple myeloma which involved the orbit, and which presented with unilateral ptosis. METHODS: A 35-year-old man was referred for the evaluation of ptosis of the left eyelid for 1 month. The levator function was normal, and there was no proptosis. Orbital computerized tomography (CT) revealed an orbital mass lesion involving the superior orbital ridge with intracranial extension. RESULTS: Excisional biopsy was performed through craniotomy and superior orbitotomy. Histopathologic examination and immunostaining result suggested a diagnosis of a plasmacytoma. The diagnosis of multiple myeloma was confirmed through bone marrow aspiration and biopsy showing diffuse infiltration of plasma cells. CONCLUSIONS: We experienced a case of multiple myeloma, which is rare in the orbit presenting unilateral ptosis. In addition, the possibility of orbital mass should be considered as an unusual cause of unilateral, acquired, progressive ptosis.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Craniotomy ; Diagnosis ; Exophthalmos ; Eyelids ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma* ; Orbit ; Plasma Cells ; Plasmacytoma

PURPOSE: To investigate the possibility of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) as a wrapping material for porous polyethylene orbital implant. METHODS: Two groups of 6 female New Zealand albino rabbits underwent enucleation with placement of a 12 mm porous polyethylene orbital implant wrapped in simple e-PTFE in one group (group 1) and macro-porous e-PTFE in the other group (group 2). Histopathologic sections of the implants obtained at 4, 6, 8 weeks were compared on the extent of fibrovascular ingrowth, percentage of the area of proliferated vessel, and grade of fibrosis between the two groups. RESULTS: There was no implant exposure or severe inflammation in group 1 and 2 during the observation. The extent of fibrovascular ingrowth differs only at 4 weeks. Group 1 showed less fibrovascular ingrowth (until outer 1/3) at anterior half compared with posterior one, but there was no difference between anterior and posterior half in group 2 (until middle 1/3). The percentage of the area of the proliferated vessels was higher in group 2 than group 1 at both anterior and posterior half, and the anterior/posterior ratio of the area of vessels was also higher in group 2 than group 1. The grade of fibrosis was higher in group 2 than group 1 at 4, 6, and 8 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Macro-porous e-PTFE almost didn't disturb fibrovascular ingrowth into the orbital implant, so macro-porous e-PTFE can be used safely as a wrapping material for porous polyethylene orbital implant.
Female ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Inflammation ; New Zealand ; Orbit* ; Orbital Implants* ; Polyethylene* ; Polytetrafluoroethylene* ; Rabbits

PURPOSE: Amyloidosis involving the lacrimal gland is a very rare condition. We report our experience with a case of primary localized amyloidosis of the lacrimal gland. METHODS: A 36-year-old woman presented with a palpable mass on the right temporal upper eyelid of 1-month duration. The non-tender, firm, and movable mass was palpable on the area of the right lacrimal gland. There were no abnormalities on slit-lamp biomicroscopic and fundus examinations, nor was proptosis or limitation of extraocular movement seen. Excisional biopsy through Krnlein operation and histopathologic examination were followed by orbital computerized tomography (CT). RESULTS: CT scan revealed a homogeneous soft tissue mass containing focal calcification in the right lacrimal gland. Hematoxylin and eosin stained sections showed pink amorphous hyaline deposits and Congo red-stained sections demonstrated dichroism and birefringence under polarized light microscopy, consistent with the diagnosis of amyloidosis. In an additional study, no systemic involvement was noted. CONCLUSIONS: In any case presenting temporal upper eyelid swelling and homogeneous mass containing focal calcification involving the lacrimal gland on CT scan, amyloidosis should be differentiated and it is necessary to confirm the diagnosis through biopsy and systemic work-up.
Adult ; Amyloidosis* ; Biopsy ; Birefringence ; Congo ; Diagnosis ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Exophthalmos ; Eyelids ; Female ; Hematoxylin ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Lacrimal Apparatus* ; Microscopy, Polarization ; Orbit ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Residual latency is the difference between the expected and measured terminal latencies in nerve conduction study. The main contributors to the residual latency are the nerve tapering in the hand and fingers and the neuromuscular delay. We measured median motor and sensory residual latencies in the controls and in patients with diabetes mellitus(DM) to establish the normal values, to evaluate the diagnostic value of the residual latency in diabetic polyneuropathy. we studied 50 healthy controls and 100 diabetic patients with or without polyneuropathy. The normal residual latency values were 1.42+/-0.41 msec(mean+/-SD) in motor part and 0.44+/-0.20 msec in sensory part of median nerve. The standard deviation of residual latency in median motor nerve was decreased by 12% as compared with that of distal latency in the patient with diabetic polyneuropathy. Duration of DM and age were not related to the residual latency of median nerve. The results suggest that the residual latency of median motor nerve provides a narrower normal range in the diagnosis of diabetic polyneuropathy irrespective of duration of DM or age.
Diabetes Mellitus* ; Diabetic Neuropathies ; Diagnosis ; Fingers ; Hand ; Humans ; Median Nerve* ; Neural Conduction ; Polyneuropathies ; Reference Values

Background: To evaluate the facial asymmetry, three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) has been used widely. This study proposed a method to quantify facial asymmetry based on 3D-CT. Methods: The normal standard group consisted of twenty-five male subjects who had a balanced face and normal occlusion. Five anatomical landmarks were selected as reference points and ten anatomical landmarks were selected as measurement points to evaluate facial asymmetry. The formula of facial asymmetry index was designed by using the distances between the landmarks. The index value on a specific landmark indicated zero when the landmarks were located on the three-dimensional symmetric position. As the asymmetry of landmarks increased, the value of facial asymmetry index increased. For ten anatomical landmarks, the mean value of facial asymmetry index on each landmark was obtained in the normal standard group. Facial asymmetry index was applied to the patients who had undergone orthognathic surgery. Preoperative facial asymmetry and postoperative improvement were evaluated. Results: The reference facial asymmetry index on each landmark in the normal standard group was from 1.77 to 3.38. A polygonal chart was drawn to visualize the degree of asymmetry. In three patients who had undergone orthognathic surgery, it was checked that the method of facial asymmetry index showed the preoperative facial asymmetry and the postoperative improvement well. Conclusions The current new facial asymmetry index could efficiently quantify the degree of facial asymmetry from 3D-CT. This method could be used as an evaluation standard for facial asymmetry analysis.

Bicuspid ; Cleft Lip ; Humans ; Incisor ; Palate ; Prevalence ; Tooth

Diagnosis ; Head ; Humans ; Jaw ; Joints ; Orthognathic Surgery ; Temporomandibular Joint

PURPOSE: Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) is one of the primary cutaneous CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders. LyP of the eyelid has rarely been reported. Herein, a case of typical LyP of the medial canthal area is reported. In addition, a literature review was performed. CASE SUMMARY: A 40-year-old female presented with a skin mass in the medial canthal area of the left eye that developed 2 months earlier. Initially, a focal skin lesion developed, and even with conservative treatment at a local clinic, progressed to a mass lesion having a central ulceration and adjacent edema. After 6 weeks, the adjacent edema had gradually decreased. On ophthalmic examination, the left medial canthal lesion was a 6 x 6 mm sized elevated mass with a central crater covered by crust. The clinical impression was keratoacanthoma. The lesion was widely excised and reconstructed by a full-thickness skin graft after an incisional biopsy. Histopathologic findings showed dermal infiltration of various inflammatory cells with atypical lymphocytes showing positivity to the CD30 antigen, and LyP was diagnosed. Systemic evaluation showed no evidence of systemic lymphoma and the patient has remained free of recurrence or systemic disease after a 1-year follow-up.
Antigens, CD30 ; Biopsy ; Edema ; Eye ; Eyelids ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keratoacanthoma ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoma ; Lymphomatoid Papulosis ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders ; Recurrence ; Skin ; Transplants ; Ulcer

PURPOSE: To analyze the changes of astigmatism and keratometric cylinder by using the scalar and vector analysis method in children who had undergone surgery for epiblepharon or ptosis. METHODS: The study subjects were 142 eyes of 79 patients who had undergone surgery for epiblepharon or ptosis. We examined the cycloplegic refractive error and keratometric astigmatism by auto-refractometry before and 2 months after surgery. Astigmatic changes were analyzed through the scalar and vector analysis method. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 5.27+/-2.18 years of age, and the male to female ratio was 35: 44. There were 98 eyes of 49 patients in the epiblepharon surgery group, 28 eyes of 22 patients in the ptosis surgery group, and 16 eyes of 8 patients in the epiblepharon and ptosis surgery (combined surgery) group. The epiblepharon surgery group demonstrated a decrease in with-the-rule astigmatism, and the changes in magnitude (p<0.001) and vector (p<0.05) of keratometric cylinder were statistically significant. The ptosis surgery group demonstrated an increase in with-the-rule astigmatism and the changes in magnitude and vector of astigmatism were statistically significant (both p<0.01). The combined surgery group demonstrated an increase in with-the-rule astigmatism and the changes in vector of astigmatism and magnitude of keratometric cylinder were statistically significant (both p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed significant astigmatic change in eyes that underwent surgery for epiblepharon or ptosis. Therefore, careful cycloplegic refraction is necessary after epiblepharon or ptosis surgery.
Astigmatism* ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Refractive Errors