No abstract available.
Vibrio vulnificus* ; Vibrio*

The ideal restorative material should mimic the properties of the tissues it replaces. Dental composite resins have been used widely as restorative materials due to its advantages such as excellent esthetics and ease of manipulation. But inadequate wear resistance has been a major factor limiting the use of composite restorative materials. Improved manufacturing techniques have allowed the development of hybrid composites, with a greater percentage volume filler loading, which have improved physical an mechanical properties. However they are lacking the study wear resistance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the wear of human enamel against ceromer by the use of a pin-on-disk type wear testers. Discs of ceromer(Targis : Ivoclar, Vivadent, Amherst. NY) and discs of type III gold alloy as a control were used for test specimens. Intact cusp of premolar and molar were used for enamel specimens. The wear of enamel was determined by weighing the cusp before and after each test, and the weight converted to volumes by average density of enamel. Surface profilometer was used to quantify wear of the ceromer and gold specimens. Vicker's hardness tester was used to evaluate the surface hardness of test specimens. The SEM was used to evaluate the wear surfaces. The results were as follows; 1. Ceromer produced less enamel wear than gold(p<0.05). 2. The wear volume of ceromer was greater than that of gold(p<0.01). 3. The hardess of ceromer was lower than that of gold, but there was no correlation between the hardness and wear of the ceromer and gold. 4. SEM analysis revealed that there were many voids and microcracks in the wear tract of ceromer. in gold group, many minute V-shaped grooves were examined.
Alloys ; Bicuspid ; Composite Resins ; Dental Enamel* ; Esthetics ; Hardness ; Hardness Tests ; Humans* ; Molar

No abstract available.

Urine discoloration occurs in the intensive care unit (ICU) due to many causes such as medications, metabolic disorders, and infections. Propofol is advocated as one of the first line sedatives in the ICU, but it is not well known to the intensivists that propofol can induce urine color change. We experienced two cases of green urine after propofol infusion. Propofol should be warranted as the cause of urine discoloration during ICU stay.
Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Intensive Care Units* ; Propofol*

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is highly prevalent psychiatric disorder in primary care population and is a source of major morbidity. However, the underawareness and undertreatment of GAD, which is due to insufficient knowledge about the disorder, often hinder the proper management of this chronic condition. Other characteristic features such as chronic course of GAD, frequent comorbidity with other anxiety and depressive disorders, and the controversy regarding the best diagnostic criteria should be fully discussed. First of all, proper and accurate diagnosis is crucial for an appropriate management. Primary care management of GAD and associated comorbidities includes education about the nature of GAD and counseling about treatment alternatives and coping strategies is an important first step. The most effective treatment of GAD is combined psychotherapeutic and pharmacotherapeutic approach. The major psychotherapeutic approaches to GAD are cognitive-behavioral therapy with relaxation techniques. Pharmacological treatment for GAD includes benzodiazepine, buspirone, and antidepressants. In this review, these combined treatment at the view point of primary practitioners was described.
Antidepressive Agents ; Anxiety Disorders* ; Anxiety* ; Benzodiazepines ; Buspirone ; Comorbidity ; Counseling ; Depressive Disorder ; Diagnosis* ; Education ; Primary Health Care ; Relaxation Therapy

OBJECTIVES: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a novel, noninvasive method of brain stimulation. As the knowledge of the neuroanatomical abnormalities of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been increased, therapeutic application of TMS has been suggested in patients with PTSD. Thus we reviewed the literatures to look into the effectiveness of TMS for the treatment of PTSD. METHODS: We described the published clinical studies of TMS in patients with PTSD using literature review and our preliminary results of clinical trial for integrating the future direction of TMS research in the treatment of PTSD. RESULTS: Although the previous studies for the treatment of PTSD were scanty, TMS might be an tolerable and safe option for the intervention of PTSD. Several studies suggested that repeated rhythmic TMS (rTMS) to right prefrontal cortex might be useful for the treatment of PTSD. The accurate mechanism of rTMS has not been known yet. However, it is supposed that rTMS may have the ability to normalize brain metabolism, improve neuronal functional connectivity and modulate the neuronal circuitry in patients with PTSD. This capability has raised the possibility of the use of rTMS as a novel therapeutic tool for PTSD. CONCLUSION: In order to optimize rTMS for therapeutic use in PTSD, it is necessary to determine rTMS treatment parameters, such as frequency, intensity, pulse duration and stimulation site, pulse width, intertrain interval, coil type, numbers of sessions, and interval between sessions. rTMS would be a relatively new and noninvasive method for exploring the regional brain circuitry of PTSD.
Brain ; Humans ; Metabolism ; Neurons ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic* ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation*

PURPOSE: Myocardial SPECT is an effective test for detecting coronary artery disease in the general population. But the diagnostic accuracy between sexes is not defined. The purpose of this study is to compare the diagnostic accuracy between males and females. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and seventy seven male and 98 female patients who underwent myocardial SPECT within 1 month of coronary angiography were studied. Myocardial SPECTs were considered abnormal if fixed or reversible perfusion defects were detected. Stenosis severity of > or = 50% luminal diameter reduction of any artery defined coronary artery disease (CAD). RESULTS: Overall sensitivity for detection of CAD was 98% in men and 97% in women (p=not significant). However, specificities, accuracies, and positive predictive values (PPV) in men and women were 49% vs 31% (p<0.05), 81% vs 57% (p<0.01), 78% vs 48% (P<0.01), respectively Diagnostic accuracies for detection of right coronary artery disease were not different in both sexes, however, accuracies for detection of left anterior descending artery disease and left circumflex artery disease were significantly lower in female (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: A significant difference of diagnostic accuracy between sexes, especially in LAD and LCx disease, was noted. Artifacts from breast attenuation might be a cause for the lower diagnostic accuracy in female.
Arteries ; Artifacts ; Breast ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Perfusion* ; Phenobarbital ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

OBJECTIVE: To determine the functional outcomes of the patients with total hip replacement and to evaluate the variables associated with the functional recovery. METHOD: Subjects were 188 patients, who had undertaken total hip replacement between March 1, 1997 and July 31, 1999 at Asan Medial Center. The four functional milestones including sitting, standing, 50 m walking, and climbing stairs were evaluated. RESULTS: The average duration of treatment was 8.3 +/- 7.0 days, and the days required for sitting were 1.9 +/- 1.0; standing 2.4 +/- 1.8; walking 50 m 6.4 +/- 4.3; climbing stairs 7.9 +/- 4.5 days. In results of analysis of each variable, male patients showed faster functional improvement than female patients in standing and climbing stairs. The patients of age 60 years and over had slower recovery in sitting and standing. The patients with sequelae of septic hip or Legg-Calve-Perthes disease had slower recovery than the others in standing. The patient with the use of cement showed rapid improvement in sitting and standing. Those who could bear full weight had rapid recovery than those with partial weight. CONCLUSION: We would like to suggest that careful consideration on characteristics of each patient should be given in determining the duration of rehabilitation management of the patients who had total hip replacement.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip* ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Female ; Hip ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease ; Male ; Rehabilitation* ; Walking

We report a false positive case of I-131 scan due to a sialolithiasis in right submandibular gland. I-131 images showed not only remnant thyroid tissues and functional metastases in the anterior neck but also a hot uptake near right submandibular gland. We confirmed the sialolithiasis by radiologic studies. Sialolithiasis should be regarded as a false positive cause when I-131 scan shows a hot spot near salivary bed.
Neck ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Salivary Gland Calculi* ; Submandibular Gland ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms*

We report a case of a patient with cystic subdural hygroma who underwent pre-operative Tc-99m DTPA cistrenoscintigraphy to determine the course of operation. A 68-year-old female was admitted to the department of neurosurgery because of acute subarachnoid hemorrhage. After emergency ventricular drainage, the hydrocephalus and cystic subdural hygroma in the right fronto-temporal area developed. She underwent Tc-99m DTPA cisternoscintigraphy to evaluate the type of hydrocephalus, which revealed obstructive communicating hydrocephalus and the communication between the subdural hygroma and the subarachnoid space. As a result of these findings, she underwent the ventriculo-peritoneal shunt operation without removal of the subdural hygroma. Post-operative brain CT showed nearly normalized shape and size of the right ventricle and disappearance of subdural hygroma. We recommend the pre-operative cisternoscintigraphy in patients with complex hygroma to evaluate the communication between subdural hygroma and the subarachnoid space.
Aged ; Brain ; Decision Making* ; Drainage ; Emergencies ; Female ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Lymphangioma, Cystic ; Neurosurgery ; Pentetic Acid ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Subarachnoid Space ; Subdural Effusion* ; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt