No abstract available.
Leydig Cell Tumor*

The major purpose of this study was to assess the post-operative quality of life after performing a pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (PPG) in early gastric cancer patients, comparing the results with patients who underwent a conventional gastrectomy (CG). There were 48 patients with gastric cancer who underwent surgical intervention at the Department of Surgery, Taejon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine from November 1995 through June 1996. Out of 48 gastric cancer patients, 13 patients (27.1 %) were early gastric cancers. Seven patients of these 13 patients underwent a PPG and the others underwent a CG. The indications for PPG were ; 1) a lesion at least 5 cm proximal to the pyloric ring, 2) a lesion in the middle third of the stomach, 3) a lesion less than 40 mm in maximum length, and 4) especially a lesion located at the greater curvature. Localization of the lesion was precisely performed through a gastrotomy during the operation. Dissections of the No. 7, 8, and 9 nodes (D1 +) were performed in cases of ulcerated lesions (type III) or poorly differentiated lesions. The proximal and distal portions of the stomach were anastomosed together 2-3 cm proximal to the pyloric ring to preserve the pyloric function. Gastrografin studies were performed on the sixth or the seventh day following PPG, and disclosed that the pylori were almost normal in appearance and function. Compared to a CG, the duration of nasogastric decompression was longer by one day, the start of oral feeding was delayed by two days, and the duration of the hospital stay was longer by five days after PPG. Three months following PPG, the amount of food taken in a meal was 70-90 % compared to that of the pre-operative amount, oral feedings took place three to four times a day, and the performance status was excellent (grade 0). Endoscopic examination revealed two cases of food stasis without subjective symptoms and a case of bile reflux with minimal mucosal edema after the PPG. After the CG, three out of the six cases had bile reflux with mucosal redness and erosion. In conclusion, it seemed that for early gastric cancer a pylorus-preserving gastrectomy, with selective lymphnodal dissection, was superior to the standard operation in terms of post-operative quality of life.
Bile Reflux ; Daejeon ; Decompression ; Diatrizoate Meglumine ; Edema ; Gastrectomy* ; Humans ; Korea ; Length of Stay ; Meals ; Quality of Life ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Ulcer

BACKGROUND: To evaluate airway responses and inflammation to antigen in Sprague-Dawley rat asthma model, we examined airway responses, serial histologic changes of the lung, and the relationship between airway responses and airway inflammation after antigen airway challenge. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were sensitized with subcutaneous injection of 10 microgram ovalbumin(OA). Antigen airway challenges were done 14 ~16 days after sensitization and the sensitized rats were sacrificed 1h(AE), 6 ~8h(AL) and 1day(AD) after airway challenge, to examine the histologic changes of the lung. Airway responses were measured by body plethysmograph and recorded by enhanced pause(Penh) as an index of airway obstruction 6 ~8h after antigen challenges. Nonsensitized controls(10 rats) were also challenged with antigen and sacrificed 1 day later. Histopathologic examination of two trachea, large bronchi, small bronchi, and vessels was performed to evaluate the severity of inflammation and eosinophilic infiltration with H&E stain. RESULTS: In 17 of 20 rats(85%) in both groups, we observed airway responses. Among them, an early response(ER) in 15 rats(75%), an dual response in 5(25%), and an late response(LR) only in 2 rats(10%) displayed. There were no significant differences in the severity of inflammation among the trachea, large bronchi, small bronchi and vessels in all groups after antigen challenge(p>0.05) and between early and late responders. The significant eosinophil infiltration was observed in 5 rats(50%) of AL(p<0.05) compared with in AE and controls. Also, eosinophil infiltration was observed in higher trend in LR(57.1%) compared to ER(40%)(p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Sprague-Dawley rats sensitized with subcutaneous injection of OA showed a significant airway responses to antigen challenge. But antigen challenges caused a little eosinophil infiltration and no significant airway inflammation. Asthma model of Sprague-Dawley rats could be useful for antigen-induced airway responses, but this model has a limitation for the study of human asthma because of no significant pathologic change.
Airway Obstruction ; Animals ; Asthma* ; Bronchi ; Eosinophils ; Humans ; Inflammation* ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Lung ; Ovalbumin* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley* ; Trachea

Eosinophilic enteritis is an uncommon disease that rarely manifests as an acute abdomen. A 50-year-old man visited our hospital and complained of epigastric and periumbilical pain. He reported direct and rebound tenderness over the periumbilical area. Laboratory examinations showed leukocytosis without eosinophilia. Plain abdominal radiography revealed air-fluid levels in the small intestine and computed tomography revealed concentric wall thickening in the small bowel and ascites in the pelvic cavity. We conducted an emergency operation and segmental resection of the jejunum was performed. Histologically, transmural, eosinophilic infiltration was observed. In patients with intestinal obstruction, even when presenting with an acute abdomen with no peripheral eosinophilia, eosinophilic enteritis should be included in the differential diagnosis.
Abdomen, Acute ; Ascites ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Emergencies ; Enteritis ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils ; Gastritis ; Gastroenteritis ; Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Intestine, Small ; Jejunum ; Leukocytosis ; Middle Aged ; Radiography, Abdominal

BACKGROUND: The possibility that anesthesia may alter the course of an infection has been under consideration for more a century. Alterations have been found in every component of the immune response during anesthesia and surgery. In this work, we have investigated the effect of lidocaine and propofol on interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and nitric oxide (NO) production in mice. METHODS: The culture supernatants of splenocytes exposed with anesthetics and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or sera from mice injected with these agents were harvested to assay IL-2, IL-4, and NO. RESULTS: We detected that IL-2 productions of splenocytes culture supernatants and mice sera after exposure with lidocaine or propofol were decreased while IL-4 productions were increased. In addition, NO of mice sera was increased after lidocaine or propofol exposures. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that lidocaine and propofol interfere with IL-2, IL-4, and NO production. This may explain the clinically well-recognized disturbance of human immunity after surgery and anesthesia.
Anesthesia ; Anesthetics ; Animals ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 ; Interleukin-4* ; Interleukins* ; Lidocaine* ; Mice* ; Nitric Oxide* ; Propofol*

Chondrolipoma is a benign tumor composed of mature adipose tissue and mature chondrocytes, and very rarely found. The patient, a 36-year-old woman, presented with a firm, walnut sized, mild tender mass at her left knee. There had been dull pain after long walking. There were no limitation of motion in physical examination. On plane lateral radiograph, radioopaque calcific densities were seen in elliptical soft tissue shadow below inferior pole of the patella. Magnetic resonance image demonstrated well defined mass of mixed signal intensity consistent with fat tissue and cartilaginous tissue. Gross specimen showed that the tumor appeared to be a round, encapsulated and firm nodule with milky whitish yellow cut surface. Microscopically the tumor consisted of nodular cartilage and mature fat tissue. The cartilage cells did not show mitotic figure and were often arranged in small clusters. But there were no cytologic features of malignancy. Thus the authors diagnosed this tumor as chondrolipoma, and report it with the literature review.
Adipose Tissue ; Adult ; Cartilage ; Chondrocytes ; Female ; Humans ; Juglans ; Knee* ; Patella ; Physical Examination ; Walking

The vast majority of discoid menisci are lateral. A medial discoid meniscus is very rare. A 33-year-old and a 15-year-old male patient were diagnosed as having a complete medial discoid meniscus by means of magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopic procedures. The first patient had a peripheral tear along with cystic degeneration, and the second had a horizontal tear. One was treated successfully by an arthroscopic partial meniscectomy with a peripheral repair, and the other by an arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. We report two cases of medial discoid meniscus with a brief review of literature.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Arthroscopy ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Menisci, Tibial*

Objective: To report the authors’ experience in performing thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for zone 2 lesions after traumatic aortic injury (TAI). Materials and Methods: This retrospective review included 10 patients who underwent zone 2 TEVAR after identification of aortic isthmus injury by CT angiography (CTA) upon arrival at the emergency room of a regional trauma center from 2016 to 2019. Patients were classified into two groups: those who underwent left subclavian artery (LSA) embolization concurrently with the main TEVAR procedure, and those in whom LSA embolization was not performed during the main procedure, but was planned as a bailout treatment if type II endoleak was noted on follow-up CTA images. Pre-procedural and procedurerelated factors and post-procedure prognosis were compared between the groups. Results: There were no differences in pre-procedural factors, occurrence of endoleaks, and post-procedure prognosis (including mortality) between patients in the two groups. The duration of the procedure was shorter in the non-LSA embolization group (61 minutes vs. 27 minutes, p = 0.012). During follow-up, type II endoleak did not occur in either group. Conclusion Delaying preventative LSA embolization until stabilization of the patient would be desirable when performing zone 2 TEVAR for TAI, in the absence of endoleak on the completion aortography image taken after complete deployment of the stent graft.

Objective: To report the authors’ experience in performing thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for zone 2 lesions after traumatic aortic injury (TAI). Materials and Methods: This retrospective review included 10 patients who underwent zone 2 TEVAR after identification of aortic isthmus injury by CT angiography (CTA) upon arrival at the emergency room of a regional trauma center from 2016 to 2019. Patients were classified into two groups: those who underwent left subclavian artery (LSA) embolization concurrently with the main TEVAR procedure, and those in whom LSA embolization was not performed during the main procedure, but was planned as a bailout treatment if type II endoleak was noted on follow-up CTA images. Pre-procedural and procedurerelated factors and post-procedure prognosis were compared between the groups. Results: There were no differences in pre-procedural factors, occurrence of endoleaks, and post-procedure prognosis (including mortality) between patients in the two groups. The duration of the procedure was shorter in the non-LSA embolization group (61 minutes vs. 27 minutes, p = 0.012). During follow-up, type II endoleak did not occur in either group. Conclusion Delaying preventative LSA embolization until stabilization of the patient would be desirable when performing zone 2 TEVAR for TAI, in the absence of endoleak on the completion aortography image taken after complete deployment of the stent graft.

Metastatic disease is a main cause of mortality in prostate cancer and remains to be uncurable despite emerging new treatment agents. Development of novel treatment agents are confined within the boundaries of our knowledge of bone metastatic prostate cancer. Exploration into the underlying mechanism of metastatic tumorigenesis and treatment resistance will further expose novel targets for novel treatment agents. Up to date, many of these researches have been conducted with animal models which have served as classical tools that play a pivotal role in understanding the fundamental nature of cancer. The ability to reproduce the natural course of prostate cancer would be of profound value. However, currently available models cannot reproduce the entire process of tumorigenesis to bone metastasis and are limited to reproducing small portions of the entire process. Therefore, knowledge of available models and understanding the strengths and weaknesses for each model is key to achieve research objectives. In this article, we take an overview of cell line injection animal models and patient-derived xenograft models that have been applied to the research of human prostate cancer bone metastasis.