No abstract available.
Stomach Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Hyoid Bone ; Orthognathic Surgery

The relationship between the intestinal histopathology and number and position of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) was observed chronologically in the small intestine of rats experimentally infected with Metagonimus yokogawai. Fifteen Sprague-Dawley rats were orally infected each with 3,000 metacecariae, and 3 were kept uninfected for controls. Three rats each were sacrificed on the day 5, 10, 15, 24 and 70 post-infection (PI) and samples of the small intestine, 5 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm and 70 cm posterior to the pylorus were taken. The samples were processed routinely and stained with Giemsa. The intestinal histopathology was severe during the day 5-15 PI and characterized by villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, and decrease of villus/crypt height ratio. After the day 24 PI, the intestinal lesions showed some tendency of recovery. The number of IEL increased at the early stage of infection, but decreased thereafter to a lower level than that of controls, with progression of the pathological changes. Then, the IEL number began to increase again after the day 24 PI. In control rats, the great majority of the IEL were located at the basal region of the epithelium. During the early stage of infection, however, a considerable proportion of IEL was found to have moved to the intermediate or apical region of the epithelium. From the above results, it is suggested that the change of IEL number and position during the course of M. yokogawai infection should be closely related to the progression and recovery of the intestinal histopathology.
English-Abstract ; Epithelium-pathology ; Rats- ; Rats,-Sprague-Dawley ; Time-Factors ; *Heterophyidae- ; *Intestinal-Diseases,-Parasitic-pathology ; *Intestines-pathology ; *Lymphocytes-pathology ; *Trematode-Infections-pathology

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Low Birth Weight* ; Infant, Newborn

The increasing number of patients with depression is a serious social issue in contemporary Korean society. To fully understand the pathophysiology of depression, this paper reviewed how depression affects the decision making process of humans. Various recent studies in behavioral economics, mathematics, medicine, and neurobiology have shown how humans make decisions and how emotional disturbances, such as depressive disorder, affect this process. There has been great progress in behavioral economics during this decade, and numerous experiments have been designed to evaluate decision making process in humans. In general, economic decision making is evaluated using the Iowa Gambling Task, and social decision making is assessed using the ultimatum game. Numerous research studies have analyzed the performance and reaction of patients with depression in these games. As a result of the advancement of neurophysiology, research has successfully identified the part of the brain that causes the specific results of tests being conducted on patients with depression. Meanwhile, computational neuroscientists have established decision making models based on bayesian framework. These models also match with the neuroanatomy. Although a large part remains unclear, researchers look forward to achieving a better understanding in depression by analyzing the distinct patterns of responses that patients under depression show in the experiment of behavioral economics.
Affective Symptoms ; Brain ; Decision Making* ; Depression* ; Depressive Disorder ; Economics, Behavioral ; Gambling ; Humans ; Interdisciplinary Studies ; Iowa ; Mathematics ; Neuroanatomy ; Neurobiology ; Neurophysiology

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy of cellulose mesh with fibrin glue to decrease recurrence rate after bullectomy for a treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 222 patients underwent a bullectomy for primary spontaneous pneumothorax in our institute between April. 1996, and June, 2000. Patients were divided into four groups by period and operation method. Group 1(n=25) underwent video-assited thorasic surgery(VATS) and mechanical pleurodesis between 1996 and 1997. Group 2(n=53) underwent axillary thoracotomy and mechanical pleurodesis between the same period. Group 3(n=110) undewent VATS and mechanical pleurodesis between 1998 and April, 2000. Group 4(n=34) underwent VATS and reinforcement with absorbable cellulose mesh and fibrin glue between 1998 and June, 2000. The data of recurrence rate, duration of air leakage, and duration of chest tube drainage evaluated by each group were compared and analysed using general linear model procedure. RESULT: There were 203 men and 19 women. Mean age was 23.2+9.6 years. Recurrent rate in group 1 was 25%, 3.8% in group 2 and 4.5% in group 3. Threre was no recurrence of pneumothorax in group 4. All recurrent cases after bullectomy were developed at the period of surgeon' s experience of bullectomy if it was less than 2 years. Chest tube indwelling period in group 4 was shorter compared to that of group 1,group 2(p<0.0006) and group 3(p<0.0001). There was no postoperative air- leakage in group 4. Recurrence rate was higher in minimal and moderate size pneumothorax than that in massive pneumothorax. In the 12 recurred cases, nine cases had blebs near the suture line. CONCLUSION: The covering of the suture area with an bsorbable cellulose mesh and the application of the fibrin glue on the mesh in wedge resection of blebs are effective and shorter tube indwelling period was resulted. There were no postoperative air leakage through chest tube after this additional procedure and no recurrence in short term follow-up period. Recurrence rate was higher in small size pneumothorax than that in large sizepneumothorax. Recurrence rate was also influenced by the experience of surgeon.
Blister ; Cellulose ; Cellulose, Oxidized* ; Chest Tubes ; Drainage ; Female ; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive* ; Fibrin* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Male ; Pleurodesis ; Pneumothorax* ; Recurrence ; Sutures* ; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted ; Thoracotomy

BACKGROUND: Patients with sinus rhythm, the left atrial appendage(LAA) appeared as a vigorously contracting structure and the blood flow patterns of LAA showed biphasic configuration. However, patients with AF rhythm the blood flow showed irregular or no configuration in doppler echocardiographic study. The purpose of this study is to evaluate relationship between the blood flow patterns of LAA with the presence of spontaneous contrast(SC) and thrombi in LAA. METHODS: We performed TEE and TTE simultaneously to 58 consecutive patients who had native mitral valve disease or mitral prosthesis. Spontaneous contrast(SC) and the presence and location of LAA thrombi were evaluated during TEE and left atrial dimension(LAD) & ejection fraction(EF) were evaluated during TTE. We divided the whole subjects into three groups according to the blood flow patterns ; regular pattern(Group 1), irregular pattern(Group 2), no flow pattern(Group 3). RESULTS: 1) Blood flow within the left atrial appendage is divided with three groups among of them, atrial fibrillation have two blood flow patterns. 2) Peak prositive & negative flow velocity within LAA in AF rhythm groups were slower than normal sinus rhythm group.(p<0.01) 3) Left atrial dimension in group 3 is significantly larger than others groups.(p<0.01) 4) Spontaneous contrast(SC) with LAA could be detected in 2(6.8%) of the 29 patients of group 1, 6(31.5%) of the 19 patients of group 2, 10(100%) of the 10 patients of group 3. Incidence of SC within LAA in group 3 is significantly higher than others groups. 5) LAA thrombi could be detected in 1(3.4%) of the 29 patients of group 1, 1(5.2%) of the 19 patients of group 2, 3(30%) of the 10 patients of group 3. Incidence of LAA thrombi is significangly higher than other groups. CONCLUSIONS: We can suggest that blood flow within LAA is divided into three groups according to the blood flow patterns, and spontaneous contrast and thrombi in LAA were closely related with the blood flow pattern.
Atrial Appendage ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Echocardiography ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mitral Valve ; Prostheses and Implants

Phthiriasis has been usually known as a sexually-transmitted disease. The majority of these cases are found in the hair of the genital lesion, however, infestation of the eyelashed may occur. Eyeld involvement frequently causes blepharitis or conjunctivitis. The authors found a crab louse, Phthirus pubis and their nits on the eyelashes of 22-year-old female who complained foreign body and itching sensation of her right upper lid. Treatment is accomplished by careful mechanical removal of the louse and nits followed by the epilation and alllication of antibiotic eyedrops. We report a case of Phthiriasis palpebrarum with a review of the literatures.
Blepharitis ; Conjunctivitis ; Eyelashes ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; Hair ; Hair Removal ; Humans ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Pediculus ; Phthiraptera ; Phthirus ; Pruritus ; Sensation ; Young Adult

Vesicovaginal fistula is a uncommon status in the developed countries. In the past it was mostly by obstetric causes. But now a days, posthysterectomy fistulas are seen. Fistula is a discomfort to the patient because of urine leakage, odor, and its inconvenience. We have experienced one case of fistula after abdominal hysterectomy and have repaired it by Latzko partial colpocleisis. So we report a case with some references.
Developed Countries ; Fistula ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Odors ; Vesicovaginal Fistula*

BACKGROUND: Bullectomy through a transaxillary minithoracotomy have been widely used in the treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax. MATERIAL AND METHOD: From September 1997 to September 1998, 22 consecutive cases of those who underwent transaxillary mini thoracotomy with Finochieto rib spreader(group F) and 24 consecutive cases with Naruke thoraco-opener(group N) at Taegu Fatima Hospital were reviewed retrospectively to compare the clinical results of transaxillary minithoracotomy with different rib spreaders in the opera tive treatments of primary spontaneous pneumothorax. RESULT: There were no significant differences in operative time, hospital stay, postoperative hospital stay, the duration of the indwelling chest tube, and the number of postoperative recurrences and complications in the two group. CONCLUSION This technique may be useful in the operative treatments of primary spontaneous pneumothorax.
Chest Tubes ; Daegu ; Length of Stay ; Operative Time ; Pneumothorax* ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Ribs ; Thoracotomy