No abstract available.
Addison Disease*

No abstract available.
Female ; Femur* ; Gestational Age* ; Humans ; Pregnancy* ; Ultrasonography*

In order to clarify infestation pattern for the encysted larvae of digenetic trematodes from fresh-water fishes, this survey was carried out from March to September, 1983. A total of 380 fishes of 32 species were collected with netting at the three reaches, upper, middle and lower in Mangyeong riverside area. After the fishes were dissected into small scraps, they were pressed under cover glass and examined for the presence of those of digenetic trematodes with a microscope. The results obtained were as follows: Out of a total of 380 fishes inspected, 320 fishes (84 percent) from 31 species were found positive with digenetic trematode metacercariae; more than 10 species of the metacercariae were detected in Pseudorasbora parva; Gnathopogon majimae, Microphysogobio yaluensis, Cultriculus eigenmanni and Gnathopogon coreanus (more than 8 species); Aphyocypris chinensis(8 species) and etc. respectively. Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae were found positive from 93 fishes (25 percent) from 12 species detection rates in other species of digenetic trematode metacercariae from various fishes were; Exorchis oviformis, 261 fishes (57 percent) from 28 species; Cyathocotyle orientalis, 47 fishes (12 percent) from 12 species; Metorchis orientalis, 21 fishes (6 percent) from 12 species; Metagonimus yokogawai, 164 fishes (43 percent) from 26 species; Pseudexorchis major, 71 fishes (19 percent) from 18 species; Metacercaria hasegawai, 77 fishes (20 percent) from 25 species; Centrocestus armatus, 24 fishes (6 percent) from 7 species; Echinochasmus japonicus, 2 fishes (0.5 percent) from 2 species, and unidentified species, 34 fishes (9 percent) from 15 species respectively. The sums of average number of the encysted larvae of all species found in fish body/gram showed 83 in P. parva, Cobitis taenia (74.2), A. chinensis (28.5), Pseudoperilampus uyekii (26.6), G. majimae (19.6) and etc. respectively and the average peak number of each metacercaria in fish body/gram showed 21.7 C. sinensis, 24 E. oviformis , 15.3 M. orientalis and 6.1 E. japonicus in P. parva ; 42.7 C. orientalis and 25.1 M. yokogawai in C. taenia; 8.3 C. armatus and 8.3 M. hasegawai in P. uyekii; 6.3 P. major in Carassius carassius, and 2.9 unidentified species in G. majimae respectively.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Clonorchis sinensis ; epidemiology ; Pseudorasbora parva ; Gnathopogon majimae ; Microphysogobio yaluensis ; Cultriculus eigenmanni ; Gnathopogon coreanus ; Aphyocypris chinensis ; Cyathocotyle orientalis ; Metorchis orientalis ; Exorchis oviformis ; Metagonimus yokogawai ; Pseudexorchis major ; Metacercaria hasegawai ; Centrocestus armatus ; Echinochasmus japonicus

Halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane are generally regarded as vasodilators. This property has been attributed to a direct action on vascular smooth muscle or the inhibition of vasoconstricition by endogenous neurohumoral substances. Because of the importance of the endothelium in determining of modulating the vascular responses of a wide vareity of agents, vascular effects of halothane, enflurane and isoflaurane on isolated rings of thoracic aorta in Sprague-Dawley rats were studied in the presence and absence of intact endothelium. Halothane, enflurane and isoflurane induced relaxation on thoraeic aortic rings precan-tracted with 50mM KCl both with and without endothelium. Halothane also induced vasodilation in both aortic rings precontracted with 10-6 M phenylephrine. And enflurane and isoflurane induced vasodilation in denuded aortic rings precontracted with phenylephrine. But endothelium intact rings demonstrsted significant(p<0.05) vasoconstriction at low concentrations of both enflurane and isoflurane followed by vasodilation at higher concentra- tion precontracted with phenyephrine. These results suggest that at low concentration and intact rings, enflurane and isoflurane eause vasoconstriction through inhibition of basal EDRF production and /or stimulation of the release of an endothelium derived constricting factor. At higher concentration, a direct vasodilating effect of the anesthetic predominance.
Anesthetics* ; Anesthetics, Inhalation ; Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic* ; Endothelium ; Enflurane ; Halothane ; Isoflurane ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Phenylephrine ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Relaxation ; Vasoconstriction ; Vasodilation ; Vasodilator Agents

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical properties of sevoflurane-N2O-alfentanil with propofol- remifentanil anesthesia for patients undergoing laryngeal microscopic surgery. METHODS: Sixty patients scheduled for elective ambulatory surgery received either total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA group) with remifentanil and propofol or balanced anesthesia with sevoflurane-N2O-alfentanil (sevoflurane-N2O-alfentanil group). The TIVA group patients were induced with an effective-site concentration of 4microgram/ml propofol and a bolus dose of 0.5microgram/ml remifentanil. The anesthesia was maintained with a continuous infusions with an effective-site concentration of 2-5microgram/kg propofol and 0.05-0.5microgram/kg/min remifentanil, according to the hemodynamic response. The sevoflurane-N2O-alfentanil group patients were induced with 5 mg/kg thiopental and 20microgram/kg IV alfentanil. Maintenance was obtained with 1.5-3.0 vol% sevoflurane and a bolus dose of 10microgram/kg IV alfentanil if needed. The anesthetic depth was controlled under bispectral index (BIS) monitoring: propofol and sevoflurane concentrations were adjusted to achieve target BIS values, and were between levels of 40-60 during surgery. RESULTS: Both anesthetic methods provided acceptable hemodynamic responses during surgery. The late recovery times (postanesthetic discharge scoring system), patient satisfaction and postoperative side effects were similar between patients in the two groups. Early recovery times (eye opening and the aldrete score) were shorter in the TIVA group patients, but this difference was not associated with a shorter hospital length of stay. CONCLUSIONS: Total intravenous anesthesia with remifentanil-propofol and balanced anesthesia with sevoflurane-N2O-alfentanil both provided satisfactory anesthesia for laryngeal microscopic surgeryd
Alfentanil ; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures ; Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, Intravenous* ; Balanced Anesthesia ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Patient Satisfaction ; Propofol ; Thiopental

Thirty (19-58yr) patients received halothane, enflurane and isoflurane with Ohmeda, Cyprane and Narcomed vaporizer for maintenance of anesthesia during controlled ventilation. End-tidal fractional concentrations(FE) of the volatile anesthetic agents were measured for 40 minutes after induction. Inspired oxygen fractional concentrations during anesthesia in the three groups were slightly decreased from minimal 33.1+/-2.3% to maximal 49.3+/-1.7%. End-tidal carbon dioxide concentrations during anesthesia in the three groups were within normal lirnit ranged from minimal 24.5+/-3.2 mmHg to maximal 35.2+/-3.4 mrnHg. When vaporizer's dial was fixed at 1% halothane, average measured FE/FI ratio were gradually increased from 5 minutes to 40 minute in the three groups. But FE/FI ratios were lower than dial setting, except after 40 minutes in the Narcomed vaporizer. When vaporizer's dial were fixed at 1% isoflurane and enflurane, average measured FE/PI ratios in the three groups were nearly equal but lower than dial setting. These results suggest that the actual gas concentrations of used(2-3yr) vaporizers were measured slightly lower than dial setting and we need to continuously monitoring of respiratory gas and end-tidal anesthetic gases.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthetics* ; Anesthetics, Inhalation ; Carbon Dioxide ; Enflurane ; Halothane ; Humans ; Isoflurane ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers ; Oxygen ; Ventilation

The vascular actions of local anesthetics are important in determining the uptake and distribution of these agents from their site of injection as well as influencing their hemodynamic effects once absorbed. Because of the importance of the endothelium in determining of modulating the vascular response of a wide variety of agents, cumulative dose-dependent vasular effects of lidocaine, mepivacaine and bupivacaine on isolated rings of thoracic aorta in normotensive rats(NTR) and spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR) were studied in the presence and absence of intact endothelium. The results were as follows ; The body weight of NTR and SHR averaged 274.71+/-55.80(N = 38) and 241.43+/-17.73gm(N = 18) and mean arterial pressure was 74.4l+/-3.60 and 129.34+/-2.89mmHg respectively. The mean absolute value of the contraction induced by 5Xl0(-6) M phenylephrine was 3.27+/-0.98(N = 18) and 2.3l+/-50.64gm(N = 18) with intact endothelium and 3.12+/-0.92 and 2.46+/-0.87 gm without intact endothelium in aortic rings of NTR and SHR respectively. In the response to local anesthetics in preparation with resting tension(1.0 gm), lidocaine and mepivacaine in concentration of 10(-3) to 1.25X10(-2) M not produced dose dependent contraction in aortic ring with intact endothelium from NTR. but bupivacaine produced dose-dependent contraction in aortic rings with intact endothelium from NTR. In the aortic rings from NTR and SHR previously contracted with phenylephrine, lidocaine in contraction of 10(-3) to 1.25X10(-2) M caused dose related relaxation in aortic rings with or without endothelium but in concentration of 10(-3) to 510(-3) M, aortic rings with endothelium were more relaxed than those af without endothelium in NTR. In SHR, aortic rings without endothelium in concentration of 5X10(-3) to 1.25X10 M were more significantly relaxed than those of with endothelium. In aortic rings from NTR previously contracted with phenylephrine, mepivacaine caused dose-related relaxation, which was more profound in SHR. In aortic rings with endothelium from NTR previously contracted with phenylephrine, bupivacaine in concentration of 10(-3) to 1.5X10(-3) M caused a relaxation and in concentration of 2.5X10(-3) to 7.5X10(-3) M and 1.25X10(-3) M caused a relaxation again. But in the aortic rings without intact endothelium, bupivacaine caused dose-related relaxation. In the aortic rings without intact endothelium, bupivacaine caused dose-related relaxation in NTR. In the aortic rings from SHR previously contracted with phenylephrine, bupivacaine caused dose-related relaxation, which was more profound than those of NTR. The local anesthetics appear to exert their relaxant effect on endothelium independently and more profoundly in SHR.
Anesthetics, Local* ; Aorta, Thoracic* ; Arterial Pressure ; Body Weight ; Bupivacaine ; Endothelium ; Hemodynamics ; Lidocaine ; Mepivacaine ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Phenylephrine ; Rats, Inbred SHR* ; Relaxation

The purposes of this study are to investigate the effect of the cold air application in the skin and intraarticular temperature changes and to observe the rebound temperature changes after cooling. We recorded the changes of the skin surface and intraarticular temperatures of knees during and after the cold air application. The intraarticular temperature was measured by a temperature probe inserted into the knee joint cavity and the skin temperature by the infrared system. Eighteen healthy subjects were examined. The knee was cooled by a 5-minutes application of CRAis (Kyung-won Century, Korea) machine and the intraarticular and skin temperatures of knees were measured at every 0.5-minute during and after the cold therpy, then at every minute for 5 minutes, and every 5-minute for the next 110 minutes. We also evaluated the variables that might affect the skin and intraarticular temperature changes. Results showed that the mean skin temperature dropped from 31.8oC to 10.5oC immediately after the cold air application for 5-minutes. The mean intraarticular temperature dropped from 33.9oC to 30.0oC after the cold air application for 5-minutes. Two hours after the initiation of treatment with cold air, the mean intraarticular temperatures did not recover to the baseline values(p<0.01). No significant correlations were found between the body mass index with the intraarticular and surface temperatures of knees. A highly significant correlation was noted between the baseline skin surface and intraarticular temperatures(p<0.01). In conclusion, the reduction of the joint temperature by the cold air application using CRAis machine can be a useful treatment method for the synovitis of knees.
Body Mass Index ; Cryotherapy ; Joints ; Knee Joint ; Knee* ; Skin Temperature* ; Skin* ; Synovitis

PURPOSE: The liver is one of the most commonly injured organs by blunt or penetrating abdominal trauma. Patients with liver injury can be treated by using nonoperative or operative management. The aim of this study was to study patients with traumatic liver injury who were treated by using operative management. METHODS: Ninety-eight patients with traumatic liver injury underwent surgical treatment from January 1995 to December 2004 at Soonchunhyang University Cheonan hospital. Medical records were reviewed retrospectively, and demographic, clinical, operative, and postoperative datas were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Among the patients with operative management, the peak incidence was in the third and the fourth decades. The male-to-female ratio was 1.9:1. The most frequent injury mechanism was blunt trauma (85.7%). Abdominal computed tomography was the diagnostic modality used most frequently. Severe liver injury above Grade III was seen in 80.6% of all patients, and long bone fracture was the most common combined injury. Patients were managed by using various techniques, including simple closure, liver resection, and perihepatic packing. Pulmonary complications were the most common postoperative complications (35.7%). the overall mortality rate was 17.3%. Between the survival group and the expired group, the amount of transfusion for the expired group was statistically more than that for the survival group. CONCLUSION: Operative management is an effective treatment modality for hemodynamically unstable patients with severe traumatic liver injury. The amount of transfusion is a significant prognostic factor for survival.
Chungcheongnam-do ; Fractures, Bone ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver* ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Animals ; DNA* ; Mice* ; Vaccination*