BACKGROUND: Hemoptysis is a common clinical symptom, responsible for 11% of admission to the hospital chest service. Correct diagnosis, accurate localization of the bleeding source and proper management are imperative to reduce the risk of massive hemoptysis. We performed the study to define the optimal time of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in 63 patients with hemoptysis admitted to Kyung Hee University Hospital between Aug 1989 and Aug1992. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of medical records concerning the cause, amount, duration of hemoptysis and the timing of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in 63(M:F=36:27) patients. RESULTS: 1) The main causes of hemoptysis were pulmonary tuberculosis(52.4%) bronchiectasis(27.0%) and lung cancer(11.1%). 2) The bleeding sites were localized in 26 Patients(41.3%). 3) The rates of localization of bleeding site were not related to the amount and duration of hemoptysis. 4) The rates of localization of bleeding site were 61.8%(21/34) during hemoptysis,18.2%(122) within 24hr after resolution of hemoptysis, 14.3%(1/7) thereafter. CONCLUSION: Early bronchoscopy, especially during hemoptysis may show higher rates of successful localization than delayed bronchoscopy.
Bronchoscopy* ; Diagnosis ; Hemoptysis* ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Lung ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Thorax

No abstract available.
Humans ; Pityriasis* ; Tinea Versicolor* ; Treatment Outcome*

It is now generally accepted that most, if not all, colon cancers originate within previously benign adenomas. Endoscopic polyp resection and regular follow up endoscopic examination are essential for prevention of carcinoma fro benign adenoma. However, small colorectal polyps are difficult to recognize during follow up endoscopic examinations because of the lack of reliable endoscopic landmarkers. Endoscopic Indiaink marking of the colon was first described by Ponsky and King in l975. The method has subsequently been advocated by expert as the best available means to mark the site of a colonic lesion. We prospectively studied the effectiveness of India ink as a long term colonic mucosal marker. Twelve patients who were diagnosed as colorectal polyp had a India ink marking with standard sclerotherapy needle. All patients who were followed at 6 months interval (mean duration 13 months) continue to display intensely stained mucosa at the original sites. No side effects or complications were encountered. India ink appears to be a safe and effective long term marker for colonic mucosal lesions.
Adenoma ; Colon* ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; India* ; Ink* ; Mucous Membrane* ; Needles ; Polyps ; Prospective Studies ; Sclerotherapy

College student volunteers (n = 142) completed a 580 km road march for 21 consecutive days. Each volunteer carried a backpack that weighed 14.1 +/- 1.4 kg on the average. We investigated the incidence and location of blisters associated with the road march using a foot map along with other injuries. Overall, 95.1% of the subjects (135 of 142) sustained one or more injuries. All injured subjects had foot blisters, and 18% had other foot injuries. The most common locations of blister development were the right 5th toe (61%) and the left 5th toe (57%). The little toes seem to have been subjected to the greatest friction and shearing forces. March-related injuries, excluding foot injuries, were ankle pain (12.7%), knee pain (12.7%) and Achilles tendon pain (7.7%). Six subjects (4.2%) needed extra medical treatment for more than 2 weeks prior to returning to their daily lives after completion of the march due to associated injuries. The present study observed a very high incidence rate of injuries (95.1%) associated with the 580 km university students grand road march. These injuries posed an obstacle against completion of the road march and against returning to daily life. Active preventive interventions such as physical therapy and customized reinforced shoes and education program are recommended for reducing incidence rate and severity of injuries.
Adult ; Blister/complications/*epidemiology ; Body Mass Index ; Female ; Foot Injuries/complications/*epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Pain/epidemiology/etiology ; Questionnaires ; Spine/radiography ; Students ; Time Factors ; Universities ; *Walking ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Pityrosporum yeast is a resident microflora of the normal skin and abundant in seborrheic dermatitis. In pathologic conditions, pityrosporum yeast is converted into hyphal form. Previous studies showed that this hyphal form could be found on clinically normal skin too. OBJECTIVES: We compared the incidence of Pityrosporum infection of the external ear canal in normal controls with that in patients with seborrheic dermatitis. METHODS: Seborrheic dermatitis, 258 subjects and normal person, 362 subjects were studied. Ear wax specimens were stained with 20% Parker ink-KOH(P-KOH) solution. The number of pityrosporal hyphae were graded according to hyphal index(1+ to 3+). RESULTS: The incidence of Pityrosporum infection of the external ear canal is 28.7% in patients with seborrheic dermatitis and 24.6% in normal controls, Amounts of pityrosporal hyphae are similar between two groups too. According to age group, incidence of PV of the external ear canal in patients with seborrheic dermatitis is statistically significantly higher than in normal controls. Female with seborrheic dermatitis have more Pityrosporum infection of the external ear canal than normal female controls. Pityrosporum infection of the external ear canal in patients with seborrheic dermatitis is prevalent in summer and spring in contrast to normal controls who have high incidence in spring. Among patients with Pityrosporum infection of the external ear canal, asymtomatic cases amount up to 70%. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that the incidence of Pityrosporum infection of the external ear canal in patients with seborrheic dermatitis and normal person is similar, but according to the age, sex and season, there were some differences between two groups.
Cerumen ; Dermatitis, Seborrheic* ; Ear Canal* ; Ear, External* ; Female ; Humans ; Hyphae ; Incidence* ; Malassezia ; Seasons ; Skin ; Yeasts

It has been known that the usual findings of SPECT in patients with Todd's paralysis is the hypoperfusion of the corresponding hemisphere. We experienced a patient who developed transient hemiparesis after a seizure attack with hyperperfusion rather than hypoperfusion over the corresponding hemisphere on brain SPECT. A 36-year-old female presented with left hemiparesis after a secondarily generalized tonic seizure. No additional seizure-like attack was noted during admission. EEG showed intermittent focal slow waves over the right frontotemporal area on admission and returned to a normal pattern 72 hours after admission. Tc-99m ECD SPECT showed hyperperfusion on the right frontoparietal area in spite of the normalization of EEG. The degree of hyperperfusion was diminished as time passed for at least 72 hours. We report a patient who had Todd's paralysis associated with contralateral frontoparietal hyperperfusion. Todd's paralysis may be explained as the result of focal discharges that lead to local vasomotor changes.
Adult ; Brain ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Humans ; Paralysis* ; Paresis ; Seizures ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

OBJECTIVE: Intracavitary injection of beta-emitting radiation source for control of cystic tumors has been tried with a benefit of localized internal radiation. The authors treated cystic brain tumor patients with Holmium-166-chitosan complex (Ho-166-chico), composed of a beta-emitting radionuclide Holmium-166 and biodegradable chit polymer, and evaluated the safety and effective measurement for response. METHODS: Twenty-two patients with recurrent cystic brain tumor and/or located in a deep or eloquent area were enrolled in this pilot study. The cyst volume and wall thickness were determined on CT or MRI to assess radiological response. The activity of Ho-166-chico injected via Ommaya reservoir was prescribed to be 10-25 Gy to the cyst wall in a depth of 4 mm. RESULTS: There was neither complications related to systemic absorption nor leakage of Ho-166-chico in all 22 patients. But, two cases of oculomotor paresis were observed in patients with recurrent craniopharyngioma. Radiological response was seen in 14 of 20 available follow-up images (70%). Seven patients of 'evident' radiological response experienced more than 25% decrease of both cyst volume and wall thickness. Another 7 patients with 'suggestive' response showed decrease of cyst volume without definitive change of the wall thickness or vice versa. All patients with benign tumors or low grade gliomas experienced symptomatic improvement. CONCLUSION: Ho-166-chico intracavitary radiation therapy for cystic tumor is a safe method of palliation without serious complications. The determination of both minimal effective dosage and time interval of repeated injection through phase 1 trial could improve the results in the future.
Absorption ; Brain Neoplasms* ; Brain* ; Chitosan ; Craniopharyngioma ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glioma ; Holmium ; Humans ; Paresis ; Pilot Projects* ; Polymers

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of mouthwash containing sodium chloride on dental plaque, gingival inflammation index, and bad breath through clinical trials. Materials and Methods: This trial was designed as 12 weeks and subjects were instructed to put an appropriate amount of the provided standard detergent on a toothbrush and brush their teeth 3 times a day. They were instructed to gargle a mouthwash provided to each group after brushiung. Efficacy was evaluated by performing gingival and periodontal-related index tests, dental plaque changes, and bad breath tests a total of 5 times. All data were statistically analyzed using 2-sample t-test, paired t-test to compare between groups at 95% significance level using IBM SPSS Statistics 24.0. Results: As a result of the PMA index measurement, the gingivitis improvement effect rate of the experimental group compared to the control group was 107.63% after 8 weeks and 73.08% after 12 weeks. As a result of the PHP index measurement, the plaque improvement effect rate of the experimental group compared to the control group was 79.37% after 8 weeks and 74.06% after 12weeks. As a result of measuring volatile sulfur compounds using Oral Chroma, the effectiveness of improvement in bad breath in the experimental group was 65.06% after 8 weeks and 99.33% after 12 weeks, compared to the control group. Conclusion As a result of this study, it was confirmed that effective gingivitis alleviation, plaque removal effect and bad breath removal effect can be expected when a mouthwash containing sodium chloride, green tea extract, and sodium monofluorophosphate is used.

PURPOSE: This study explored and evaluated the systemic complications resulting from the bite of Korean venomous snake, focussing on hematologic and neurologic features. METHODS: Medical records (demographic data, clinical measurements including laboratory results, severity score, and amount of antidote administration, and hospitalization course) of consecutive patients who presented with snakebites to two university teaching hospital during a 10-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Subgroup analysis was conducted for evaluations of anti-acetylcholine esterase administration in complicated victims. RESULTS: The 170 patients displayed occurrence rates of hematologic and neurologic complications of 12.9% and 20.6%, respectively. Among 22 patients with hematologic complications, isolated thrombocytopenia was evident in eight patients (36.4%), prothrombin time (PT)/activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) prolongation in 11 patients (50.0%), and both in three patients (13.6%). The mean time to recovery was 4.5+/-1.8 days for isolated thrombocytopenia, and 5.1+/-1.8 days for PT and aPTT prolongation. Hematologic complications could occur suddenly 1~4 days after hospitalization. Among 35 patients with neurologic complications, dizziness was evident in 16 patients (45.7%), and diplopia / blurred vision in 19 patients (54.3%). The mean time to recovery was 3.4+/-0.6 days in patients receiving anti-acetylcholine esterase and 6.9+/-1.8 days in those not receiving anti-acetylcholine esterase (p=0.00). CONCLUSION: Occurrence rates of hematologic and neurologic complications following venomous snake bite differed as compared to other studies conducted in Korea. Onset of hematologic complications can occur rapidly days after admittance. Anti-acetylcholine esterase administration may be effective in treating neurologic complications.
Bites and Stings ; Diplopia ; Dizziness ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals, Teaching ; Humans ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Prothrombin Time ; Retrospective Studies ; Snake Bites ; Snakes ; Thrombocytopenia ; Venoms ; Vision, Ocular

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to develop a model for chronic nerve compression in a rat and a model reproducing a normal anatomical narrow portion that lies in the course of the peripheral nerve. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. A 5 mm tendinous band was made from the patellar tendon harvested from each rat and placed around the sciatic nerve. In order to determine the degree of compression, a series of internal diameters of the band (0.2 mm smaller than (group I), same as (group II), and 0.2 mm (group III), 0.4 mm (group IV) and 0.6 mm greater (group V) than the diameter of sciatic nerve) were used. The rats were evaluated at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 months after banding using an electroneurophysiologic study, a pathohistologic study, and the morphometric nerve fiber analysis. RESULTS: In groups III and IV the morphometric findings showed statistically significant compressive changes in the periphery after 3 and 4 months, respectively and revealed significant changes in both the periphery and central portion at 6 months (p<0.05). In group V, the measurements and histologic findings were almost identical to the control group at 6 and 10 months. The nerve electrophysiologic study showed significant compressive changes at 6 months in groups III and IV (p<0.05). In the group V, the measurements were similar to those of the normal control. CONCLUSION: Groups III and IV appear to be a reliably reproducible chronic nerve compression model while excluding the possibility of foreign body reactions. In addition, group V appears to be a reliable model of a normal anatomical narrow portion that lies in the course of the peripheral nerve.
Animals ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Theoretical* ; Nerve Fibers ; Patellar Ligament ; Peripheral Nerves ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sciatic Nerve