Few morphometric data on the thickness and the inclination of vertebral lamina are found with its frequent involvement in many surgical procedures. The thickness in the middle of right vertebral lamina and the angle between the superior border of lamina and sagittal plane were measured in 90 dried vertebral columns. 1. The laminae of the cervical vertebrae were generally thin and they became gradually thicker down to the lumbar vertebrae. The lamina of the fifth lumbar vertebra was the thickest (9.4mm) and that of the fifth cervical was the thinnest (2.9mm). The thickest lamina appeared in second cervical, twelfth thoracic and fourth lumbar vertebrae in 71%, 44% and 36%, respectively. 2. The angles between superior border of long axes of the laminae and the sagittal plane were the widest in thoracic vertebrae, and narrower in lumbar, the narrowest in cervical vertebrae. The angle of eithth thoracic was the widest (59.8°) and that of the fifth lumbar was the narrowest (48.6°). Widest angle of lamina appeared in seventh cervical, sixth thoracic and fifh lumbar vertebra in 27%, 20% and 48%, respectively. 3. No significant differences were found in the thicknesses and the angles of inclination of vertebral laminae between males and females.
Adult* ; Cervical Vertebrae ; Female ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Male ; Spine ; Thoracic Vertebrae

Heterotropic ossifications have been known to occur around joints in many pathological conditions of the nervous system mostly in paraplegia and is affects most of the hip joint. Recently, 4 cases of heterotropic ossification in 18 cases of traumatic paraplegia have been reviewed at the orthopedic department of Kyungpook National University Hospital from April 1965 to July 1968 and the results obtained were as follows: 1. All cases were found in male of 3rd to 4th decade. 2. Heterotropic ossification affectected around the hip joint in 3 cases and in the other one case around the medial femoral condyle of knee joint. 3. Three cases affecting around hip joint expressed pressure sores on ipsilateral great trochanteric area, but the other one case affecting around medial femoral condyle had not any pressure sore. 4. In all cases, the heterotropic ossification was noted on X-ray film within 4 to 6 months after paraplegia.
Femur ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Hip Joint ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee Joint ; Male ; Nervous System ; Orthopedics ; Paraplegia ; Pressure Ulcer ; X-Ray Film

Pituitary adenoma should be differentiated diagnostically from pituitary hyperplasia, which can be classified by primary, secondary & tertially caused by ectopic tumors. Two cases with marked pituitary enlargement secondary to primary hypothyroidism were reported. The volume of the sellar turcica correlates with circulating TSH level. The subsequent regression with thryoxine therapy indicated hyperplasia rather than adenoma. This observation emphasizes the importance of diagnosing and treating primary hypothyroidism prior to considering surgery for possible pituitary adenoma. A brief review of related literatures was also made.
Adenoma ; Hyperplasia* ; Hypothyroidism* ; Pituitary Neoplasms*

BACKGROUND: Current studies on multimodal strategy for N2 non-small cell lung cancer are being high interest have drawn much attention. N2 lung cancer, however, is composed of is divided into several subgroups with that have different prognoses. The prognostic factors still ramain controversial. METHODS: Between January 1990 and June 1999, 180 patients with N2 lung cancer who underwent surgical resection were investigated, excluding 10 of these for surgical mortality. All patients underwent mediastinal lymph node dissection. 20 clinicopathologic factors were investigated by univariable and multivariable analyses to identify significant prognostic factors among resected N2 disease. RESULTS: The overall 5-year survival rate was 20.6%. Multivariable analyses among overall patients revealed 3 significant prognostic factors:Age, Histologic type, Vascular invasion. Based on the result, 49 patients with both age more than 60 and pathologic Non-squamous cell showed a 5-year survival of 5.0%, whereas 37 patients with neither of the factors showed a 5-year survival of 56.6%(p<0.001). And 12 patients with both vascular invasion and pathologic Non-squamous cell showed a 5-year survival of 11.9%, whereas 67 patients with neither of the factors showed a 5-year survival of 33.6%(p=0.01). CONCLUSION: The prognosis of surgically resected N2 disease varies according to the 2 significant prognosis factors. Tumor size may be an additional influencing factor in the prognosis of N2 disease.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lung* ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes* ; Mortality ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate

The argon laser has been used in the treatment of a variety of cutaneous vascular and pigmented lesions. In 1983, authors reported on the therapeutic effect from argon laser treatment of nevus flammeus. This study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic effect and complication of the argon laser on many cutaneous lesions except nevus flammeus. The data of the 67 patients who were treated between November, 1984 and March, 1986 and could be followed up over 3 months at the Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Hospital were analyzed. Patients were treated with Coherent Radiation Model No. 920 Laser with a spot size of 1 mm in diatemer. The pawer ranges were between 1.6 and 2.6 W using pulsed wave or continuous wave according to the size and the shape of the lesions. The argon laser is an effective modality in the treatment of superficial vascular lesions and especially when telangiectasia is prominent. In pigmented lesions, argon laser is effective for pigmented nevi excluding intradermal nevi and has been found effective in small sized nevus spilus and lentigines.
Argon* ; Dermatology* ; Humans ; Lentigo ; Nevus ; Nevus, Intradermal ; Nevus, Pigmented ; Port-Wine Stain ; Seoul ; Telangiectasis

No abstract available.
Malocclusion*

PURPOSE: Prader-Willi Syndrome(PWS) is caused by absence of paternal contributions of the chromosome region 15q11-q13. To detact this region, high resolutional cytogenetic analysis, FISH with probe at PWS critical region or microsatellite polymorphism can be used. The gene for the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N(SNRPN) is not expressed in patients with PWS. We conducted molecular analysis with RT-PCR with SNRPN primers to find out more useful diagnostic tool in PWS. METHODS: Four patients with obesity and other characteristics of PWS were studied. The exprssion of SNRPN and control gene were studed by RT-PCR from peripheral lymphocytes. RESULTS :The SNRPN expression in reverse transcribed RNA from blood were easily detected in normal control but not in patients with suspected Parder-Willi Syndrome. CONCLUSION: We conclude that SNRPN expression study is a useful diagnostic method for detection of Prader-Willi Syndrome.
Cytogenetic Analysis ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Obesity ; Pathology, Molecular* ; Prader-Willi Syndrome* ; Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear ; RNA ; snRNP Core Proteins*

PURPOSE:There were many controversies whether constitutional delay of growth and puberty(CDGP) is simple varient of normal growth pattern, or one of the cause of growth disturbance induced by the disturbance of growth hormone secrtion or its function. So we studied about the difference in serum peak growth hormone level after insulin, L-dopa provocation test, and serum IGF-I leve between constitutional delay of growth and puberty(CDGP) and familial short stature(FSS). METHODS:Measurement of serum peak growth hormone and insulin like growth factor-I(IGF-I) level after insulin, L-dopa provocation test were performed in 33 children with costitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP). Two groups of children with familial short stature (FSS) whose height were below 10 percentile for chronologic age of Korean national height standards were included as control groups. RESULTS: 1)There were no significant difference of serum peak growth hormone level between children with CDGP and children with FSS and these results were similar in both sex. 2)The mean serum IGF-I level of children with CDGP were 125.69+/-4.06 ng/ml(71.53-189.34ng/ml) in male, 157.7+/-3.17ng/ml(81.9-279.2ng/ml) in female. Both results were significantly lower to those of FSS children by chronologic age group because the mean serum IGF-I level of FSS children were 190.19+/-7.97ng/ml (87.64-297.6ng/ml) in male, 205.47+/-15.87ng/ml(61.7-433.1ng/ml) in female. But compared to FSS children by bone age of 72-96 months, there were no significant difference noted because the mean serum IGF-I level of children with FSSwere130.47+/-0.27ng/ml(63.24-198.2ng/ml)inmale,162.35+/-9.43ng/ml(54.9-217.53 ng/ml) in female. CONCLUSIONS:The results of this study showed that the serum peak growth hormone level after insulin, L-dopa provocation test with children of CDGP revealed no significant difference with those of FSS children in both sex. Serum IGF-I level of CDGP children was lower significantly to those of FSS children by chronologic age group, but no much difference with FSS children of bone age group.
Adolescent ; Child* ; Female ; Growth Hormone* ; Humans ; Insulin* ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Levodopa* ; Male ; Puberty*

Characterizations of the VP4 (P type) and VP7 (G type) genes of Korean isolates of bovine rotavirus were performed using RT-PCR/RFLP and nucleotide sequencing analysis. After RT-PCR amplification of partial length (1094bp) of the VP4 and full length (1062bp) of the VP7 genes, amplified PCR products were digested with restriction endonucleases and digestion patterns were compared with those of reference rotaviruses. With the VP4 genes, four RFLP (AD) profiles were observed; three (A, B and C) were the same as those of bovine rotavirus NCDV (P[1]), IND (P[5]) and B223 (P[11]), respectively, Profile D was the same as that of porcine rotavirus OSU (p[7]). With the VP7 genes, five RFLP profiles (I-V) were observed; three of them (1, II and III) were the same as those of bovine rotavirus NCDV (G6), Cody I-801 (G8), and B223 (G10), respectively, Profile IV and V were atypical to those of reference bovine rotaviruses used in this study. These two profiles were identified as G6 and G5, respectively, after analyzing and comparing the nucleotide sequences. The G typing analysis revealed that 61.9% (26/42) were G6, which included G6 subtype; 28.6% (12/42) were G5; 7.1% (3/42) were G10; 2.4% (1/42) were G8. The P typing analysis revealed that 54.8% (23/42) were P(5); 28.6% (12/42) were P(7); 11.8% (5/42) were P(11); 4.8% (2/42) were P(1). Our results showed that G6/P(5) were the most prevalent rotaviruses in diarrheic calves in Korea. Also, this is the first report that G5P(7) rotaviruses were identified from cattle with diarrhea.
Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cattle ; Diarrhea ; Digestion ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Korea ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length* ; Rotavirus*

This study was carried out to determine the effect of long term administration of vitamin A on the changes of lipids in liver tissue and serum in rat. The animals were fed with control diet(200 ug/day) and high vitimin A diet(2, 000 ug/day) for 24 weeks. Vitamin A contents of liver in high vitamin A fed rats were increased linearly accordance with duration of the vitamin A administration, but levels of serum vitamin A showed unremarkable changes during the experimental period. Contents of cholesterol and triglycerides of vitarnin A fed rats were significantly higher than those of controls. Levels of HDL-triglycerides in v:itamin A fed rats were significantly higher than those of control rats during experimental period, while levels of HDL-cholesterol and HDL-phospholipids showed unremarkable changes during experimental period. Levels of individual cholesteryl esters showed undremarkable changes during experimental period in both animal groups.
Animals ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol Esters ; Liver* ; Rats* ; Triglycerides ; Vitamin A* ; Vitamins*