The pulmonary arterial pressure(PAP) was reported to be higher in essential hypertensives than in normotensives, but the underlying mechanisms for the higher PAP were not known exactly. In order to observe the changes of pulmonary hemodynamics and to get an insight into the mechanism of the pulmonary hypertension, if any, in essential hypertensive patients, the autors performed the cardiac catheterization in 13 normal controls(group A), 14 coronary patients with normal systolic left ventricular function and systemic blood pressure(group B), and 15 essential hypertensives with normal coronary artery and systolic left ventricular function(group C). 1)Pulmonary arterial pressure(PAP) was 19.2+/-3.2/8.1+/-1.9/12.0+/-1.9(s/d/m)mmHg in group A, 25.0+/-6.2/12.8+/-4.0/16.3+/-4.5mmHg in group B, 29.3+/-6.1/12.8+/-4.0/18.2+/-3.6mmHg in group C. The PAP was higher in group B and C than that of group A(p<0.005). 2) Pulmonary vascular resistance(PVR) was 88.2+/-34.9 dyne.sec.cm(-5) in group A. 137.8+/-74.5 dyne.sec.cm(-5) in group B and 173.9+/-77.5 dyne.sec.cm(-5) in group C. In group B and C, PVR was increased compared to that of group A(p<0.05, p<0.005, respectively). 3) Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure(PCWP) was 6.6+/-2.8 mmHg in groupa A. 9.9+/-2.9mmHg, and 9.6+/-3.6 mmHg in group C. PCWP in group B and C were higher than that of group A(p<0.005). 4) Systemic vascular resistance(SVR) was 1298+/-340 dyne.sec.cm(-5) in group A, 1466+/-362 dyne .sec.cm(-5) i group B and 2255+/-439 dyne.sec.cm(-5) in group C. In group C, SVR was increased compared to that of group A and B(p<0.002). 5) Significant correlation was demonstrated between PVR and PCWP in group A(r=-0.74, p<0.05). 6) In group B, significant correlations were shown between PAP and PCWp(r=0.55, p<0.05), between PAP and PVR(r=0.69, p<0.05). 7) In group C, significant correlations were demonstrated between PAP and PCWP(r=0.55, p<0.05), between PVR and SVR(r=<0.51, p<0.01). Above results revealed that PAP and PVR were increased in essential hypertensives without left ventricular failure and this elevated PAPseemed to be affected in part by increased PCWP, and increased PVR in accordance with increased SVR.
Capillaries ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Coronary Vessels ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Ventricular Function, Left

No abstract available.
Animals ; Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Gene Expression* ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide* ; Rats*

A Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometric method was described for the determination of quartz, mica(sericite) and feldspar(potassium feldspar) in respirable dust in Taebaek area. The results were as follows; 1) The concentration of minerals were determined from the intensity of absorption peak of quartz at 799 cm-1, sericite at 539 cm-1, and potassium feldspar at 648 cm-1 respectively. 2) The precision(C. V. %) for the quartz determination was 7.70+/-2.68 % from 10 to 200 microgram of quartz. 3) The precision for the sericite determination was 16.34+/-6.82 % from 30 to 500 microgram of serictite. 4) The precision for the potassium feldspar determination was 5.28+/-1.74 % from 30 to 500 microgram of potassium feldspar. 5) The concentration of respirable dust in Taebaek area was 4.90+/-3.29 mg/m3(0.4-93.7%), percent quartz was 1.80+/-4.14% (0.01-20.56%), percent sericite was 11.37+/-6.43% (0.00-29.69%), percent potassium feldspar was 8.15 % (n=7, 3.41-19.70%). 6) The difference of respirable coal dust, quartz, and sericite concentration in drilling, coal cutting, hauling and separating was significant respectively (p<0.05).
Absorption ; Coal ; Dust* ; Fourier Analysis* ; Minerals ; Potassium ; Quartz* ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared*

Two factors of the ventricular function, systolic contractile and diastolic relaxing functions, cooporate in pumping the adequate blood volumes to suffice bodily demands. In some hypertensive patients with marked left ventricular hypertrophy, the intact systolic function of the ventricle associated with clinical symptom of congestive heart failure(CHF), which is considered to be a consequence of diastolic dysfunction. In this study 10 hypertensive patients(group A) complaining of exertional dyspnea or chest pain with increased left ventricular mass index and normal systolic function and 6 normotensive controls(group B) were examined by cardiac catheterization and echocardiography to assess the left ventricular systolic and diastolic function and ventricular responses to constant infusion of nitroprusside. Various systolic and diastolic function indices were measured by cardiac catheterization and echocardiography. 1) The ejection fraction(EF), fractional fiber shortening, mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening, left ventricular(LV) peak+dp/dt, change of slope of LV peak systolic pressure-volume and pressure-dimension relations in group A were not different from those of group B in the resting states. 2) Diastolic dysfunction was evidenced by prolonged A2D time, decreased OR slope, decreased peak negative dp/dt and increased diastolic time constant 'T' in group A. 3) Cardiac index by thermodilution method was negatively related to left ventricular mass index(LVMI) measured by echocardiography, whereas time constant T was positively related to LVMI. 4) With constant infusion of nitroprusside, LV systolic pressure, LV end-diastolic pressure and pulmonary arterial pressure were decreased, and left ventricular end-systolic stress and stroke work index(SWI) derived from left ventricular pressure-volume loop area were decreased, EF was increased, but time constant T was prolonged and cardiac output(CO) by thermodilution method was decreased in group A. 5) In group B, with constant infusion of nitroprusside, EF, SWI and CO were pratically unaffected and time constant T was not prolonged significantly. These reults suggest that patients with hypertensive hypertrophic left ventricle is associated with diastolic dysfunction, which could further be exacerbated by a vasodilator such as nitroprusside.
Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Volume ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Chest Pain ; Dyspnea ; Echocardiography ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Heart Diseases* ; Heart Ventricles* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Nitroprusside* ; Stroke ; Theophylline ; Thermodilution ; Ventricular Function

Cardiac output depends on the ability of systolic ejection and diastolic filling of the heart. M-mode echocardiography can provide accurate clinical assessment of left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions. To see whether there are changes of the left ventricular function in asymptomatic hypertensives and if any kind of dysfunction and whether any relationship between the pattern of the ventricular hypertrophy and type of ventricular dysfunction exists, the authors examined the systolic and diastolic function indices of the left ventricle in 50 normotensives and 88 hypertensives composed of 18 patients without left ventricular hypertrophy(group 1), 40 patients with disproportionate septal thickening (group 2) and 30 patients with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy(group 3). Obtained results were as follows : 1) Blood pressure & left ventricular mass index were increased significantly in each hypertensive group compared to normal control. 2) Ejection fraction & fractional shortening in the hypertensive groups were not different from the normotensive control group. 3) Left ventricular isovolumic relaxation time(A2D time) was prolonged in each hypertensive group, especially in group 3. 4) Left atrial emptying index (AEI) was decreased in each hypertensive group. 5) Left ventricular percent ventricular A wave (% VAW) was increased in all hypertensive groups. Above study suggested that the left ventricular diastolic function could be impaired in the hypertensives without associated systolic dysfunction, and the degree of the diastolic dysfunction was not much affected by the type of left ventricular hypertrophy, but the more prolonged A2D time in the concentric hypertrophy group.
Blood Pressure ; Cardiac Output ; Echocardiography ; Heart ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Relaxation ; Ventricular Dysfunction ; Ventricular Function, Left

Hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH) was considered to be a physiologic adaptation to the increased afterload of left ventricle, but recent studies revealed that LVH was one of the most important target organ damage in essential hypertensive patients & cardiovascular morbidity was increased in patients with hypertensive LVH. Hypertensive LVH could be classified into three types : concentric LVH, disproportionate septal thickening(DST), and left ventricular dilatation. Relatively high incidence of DST in hypertension has bee reported after clinical introduction of echocardiogram. But, the mechanisms for the development of DST and its clinical significance have not been elucidated exactly. In order to assess left ventricular diastolic function in hypertensives with DST, the authors performed phonocardiogram, M-mode, and pulsed Doppler echocardiogram in 15 normotensive control(group A : 5 male, 10 female, 44.4+/-7.7 years), 15 hypertensives without LVH(group B : 5 male, 10 female, 45.5+/-8.6 years), 85 hypertensives with DST(group C : 9 male, 16 female, 47.5+/-8.6 years) and 15 hypertensives with concentric LVH(group D : 8 male, 7 female, 47.7+/-6.1 years). The obtained results were as follows : 1) Left ventricular ejection fraction was 71.6+/-6.3% in group A, 71.9+/-7.5% in group B, 731+/-7.0% in group C, and 70.3+/-10.3% in group D. Ejection fraction was not significantly different in each other group. 2) Left ventricular mass index(LVMI) by echocardiogram was 87.8+/-20.6g/m
Adaptation, Physiological ; Bees ; Deceleration ; Dilatation ; Female ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertrophy ; Incidence ; Male ; Relaxation ; Stroke Volume

OBJECTIVE: To determine the functional outcomes of the patients with total hip replacement and to evaluate the variables associated with the functional recovery. METHOD: Subjects were 188 patients, who had undertaken total hip replacement between March 1, 1997 and July 31, 1999 at Asan Medial Center. The four functional milestones including sitting, standing, 50 m walking, and climbing stairs were evaluated. RESULTS: The average duration of treatment was 8.3 +/- 7.0 days, and the days required for sitting were 1.9 +/- 1.0; standing 2.4 +/- 1.8; walking 50 m 6.4 +/- 4.3; climbing stairs 7.9 +/- 4.5 days. In results of analysis of each variable, male patients showed faster functional improvement than female patients in standing and climbing stairs. The patients of age 60 years and over had slower recovery in sitting and standing. The patients with sequelae of septic hip or Legg-Calve-Perthes disease had slower recovery than the others in standing. The patient with the use of cement showed rapid improvement in sitting and standing. Those who could bear full weight had rapid recovery than those with partial weight. CONCLUSION: We would like to suggest that careful consideration on characteristics of each patient should be given in determining the duration of rehabilitation management of the patients who had total hip replacement.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip* ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Female ; Hip ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease ; Male ; Rehabilitation* ; Walking

No abstract available.

The digital dust indicator (Sibata P-5), one of the direct-reading instruments was evaluated for the respirable dust in the underground coal mine environments. As a reference, respirable dust was determined using three cyclones and/or impactors. All the tests were performed on aerosol in twenty underground coal mines. The coefficients of mass-relative concentration were 0.067+/-0.054 (Mean+/-Standard deviation) (range: 0.006-0.172). The relationship between relative concentration and temperature was not significant statistically. Also, the relationship of relative concentration and relative humidity was not significant. Mass concentration and relative concentration were 5.31+/-5.22 mg/m3 and 162+/-163 CPM (Mean+/-Standard deviation) respectively. The range of mass concentration was 1.22-22.69 mg/m3; relative concentration 16-628 CPM. The relationship of mass concentration and relative concentration was not significant in these ranges.
Coal ; Cyclonic Storms ; Dust* ; Humans ; Humidity

No abstract available.
Sarcoma*