No abstract available.
Diazepam* ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives* ; Midazolam* ; Surgery, Plastic*

The digital dust indicator (Sibata P-5), one of the direct-reading instruments was evaluated for the respirable dust in the underground coal mine environments. As a reference, respirable dust was determined using three cyclones and/or impactors. All the tests were performed on aerosol in twenty underground coal mines. The coefficients of mass-relative concentration were 0.067+/-0.054 (Mean+/-Standard deviation) (range: 0.006-0.172). The relationship between relative concentration and temperature was not significant statistically. Also, the relationship of relative concentration and relative humidity was not significant. Mass concentration and relative concentration were 5.31+/-5.22 mg/m3 and 162+/-163 CPM (Mean+/-Standard deviation) respectively. The range of mass concentration was 1.22-22.69 mg/m3; relative concentration 16-628 CPM. The relationship of mass concentration and relative concentration was not significant in these ranges.
Coal ; Cyclonic Storms ; Dust* ; Humans ; Humidity

OBJECTIVE: The present study was prospectively designed to identify the incidence, risk factors and characteristics of falls in a patient with stroke. METHOD: One hundred and three stroke patients admitted to the department of rehabilitation medicine between March 1, 1998 and June 30, 1998, were evaluated. RESULTS: Fifteen (14.6%) have falled at least one time, and most of the falls occurred in their own room while walking. Risks for falls were associated with multiple brain lesion involving both anterior and posterior circulation, the presence of the cognitive function disturbance, and presence of caregiver hired by the patient. Fifteen (78.9%) of total 19 incidents did not cause any problem, but 4 falls (21.1%) caused mild injury - pain, and simple contusion. Severe injury such as fracture or intracerebral hemorrhage were not caused by these falls. CONCLUSION: The incidence of fall in a patient with stroke was 14.6%. And risks for falls were associated with multiple brain lesion, the presence of the cognitive function disturbance, and presence of caregiver hired by the patient.
Brain ; Caregivers ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Contusions ; Humans ; Incidence ; Prospective Studies ; Rehabilitation* ; Risk Factors ; Stroke* ; Walking

OBJECTIVE: The present study was prospectively designed to identify the incidence, risk factors and characteristics of falls in a rehabilitation hospital. METHOD: Two hundred nine consecutive admissions to the department of rehabilitation medicine between March 1, 1998 and June 30, 1998, were evaluated. RESULTS: Twenty four (11.5%) experienced at least one fall, and most of the falls occurred in their own room during walking. Risks for falls were associated with the presence of the sensory or cognitive function disturbance, the ability of walking, the use of antihypertensive drug, and presence of caregiver hired by the patient. No injury was observed in 25 (76%) of total 33 incidents, and 8 falls (24%) caused mild injury - pain, and simple contusion. There was no fracture or intracerebral hemorrhage. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that high risk groups of patients who are prone to the falls within the rehabilitation setting can be identified for the prevention, and afterward for preventive measures.
Caregivers ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Contusions ; Epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Prospective Studies ; Rehabilitation* ; Risk Factors ; Walking

In this animal study, comedones were induced by topical application of oleic acid onto the rabbit ear canal and the histopathologic and ultrastructural changes in response to topical application of HO and hexane extracts of red ginseng, and saponin were measured. No microscopical difference was observed between treatment groups. Nucle ir remnants were observed in the horny cell layer as well as the thinning of the granular cell layer. Scattered and decreased keratohyaline granules were also noted. Six weeks after initiation of treatment, we observed the thinning of epidermis and veappearance of granular cell layer with normal keratohyaline granules. After treatment, scanning electron microscopy showed a decrease in the size of comedones, and loosened and desquamating horny cells in the comedones. From the above results, it could be concluded that Panax ginseng extracts might have effects on the keratinization process of the skin.
Animals ; Ear Canal ; Epidermis ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Oleic Acid ; Panax* ; Saponins ; Skin

Blood and urine samples were taken from 447 welders exposed to manganese containing welding fumes and 127 office workers not exposed to welding fumes as a control. The air samples were analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Varian 30A, Australia), and blood and urine samples were analyzed by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometer(Z-8100, Hibachi, Japan). Data were evaluated in accordance with type of industry, smoking habits, and work duration. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The limit of detection(LOD) levels of manganese in blood and urine were 0.11 microgram/100ml of and 0.14 microgram/l, respectively. Our results of manganese concentration were shown within +/-2 standard deviation which was the upper and lower warning limit (UWL or LWL) on quality control chart. 2. The airborne concentrations of manganese in welding workplaces were 0.067 mg/m3 showing differences by type of industry ; 0.017 mg/m3 in automobile assembly and manufacturing industries, 0.084 mg/m3 in steel heavy industries and 0.180 mg/m3 in shipyards. 3. The blood manganese concentrations showed differences by type of industry showing the highest values of 1.70 microgram/100m1 in shipyards, 1.24 microgram/100m1 in automobile assembly and manufacturing industries and 1.11 microgram/100ml in steel heavy industries. Urinary manganese concentration corrected by urinary creatinine concentrations was 0.34 microgram/g creatinine in automobile assembly and manufacturing industries, 0.43 microgram/g creatinine in steel heavy industries and 0.48 microgram/g creatinine in shipyards. There were no difference urinary manganese concentrations by type of industry. 4. The overall blood manganese concentration was 1.26 microgram/100ml, and urinary manganese concentration was 0.35 microgram/g creatinine in welders. In contrast to these values, blood and urinary manganese concentrations were lower in control group showing 0.73 microgram/100m1, and 0.28 microgram/g creatinine, respectively. 5. Smoking habits did not seem to affect on blood and urinary manganese concentrations both in welders and office workers. 6. Blood manganese concentrations were significantly higher in welder who had worked longer than 10 years than in welder who had worked less than 10 years. 7. The blood manganese concentrations were significantly correlated to airborne manganese concentrations(r=0.318, n=64), work duration(r=0.425, n=538), and cumulative exposure indices(CEI) (r=0.354, n=64).
Absorption ; Automobiles ; Creatinine ; Manganese* ; Metallurgy ; Quality Control ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Steel ; Welding*

Ureteral stricture is a problem that always has confronted urology. The development of balloon dilatation has introduced new modalities for the management of ureteral stricture disease. We experienced the ten patients of the ureteral stricture from July 1988 to April 1990. The following results were obtained. 1. Transluminal balloon dilatation is simple, safe technique for ureteral stricture. 2. After dilatation. most cases of stricture were improved on urography immediately. but follow up results were not so much improved. 3. Success rate of ureteral balloon dilatation was low (40% ). Therefore, we felt that secondary therapy modalities should be considered if first attempt was failed.
Constriction, Pathologic* ; Dilatation* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ureter* ; Urography ; Urology

A clinical investigation and hormonal study was on 36 patients of male hypogonadism who visited the Department of Urology, Dong San hospital, Keimyung university, School of Medicine from March, 1986 to August, 1990, retrospectively. The results were as follows; 1. The cause of primary hypogonadism was Klinefelter's syndrome in all 27 cases. In patients with secondary hypogonadism, there were 7 cases of Kallmann's syndrome, a case of delayed puberty and a case of pituitary tumor. 2. The major physical feature was delay in sexual maturation. In addition, anosmia was found in 4. cases, gynecomastia in 3 cases, family history in 2 cases, cryptorchidism in 2 cases, color blindness in 1 case, obesity in 1 case and associated renal agenesis in 1 case. 3. In hormonal study of primary hypogonadism patients, serum LH was 30.8 mIU/ml, serum FSH 40.3 mIU/ml and serum testosterone 3.9 ng/ml. The results of hormonal study in secondary hypogonadism were serum LH 1.4 mIU/ml, serum FSH 1.9 mIU/ml, serum testosterone 0.3ng/ ml and serum prolactin 4.2 mIU/ml. 4. LHRH stimulation test was performed in secondary hypogonadism to differentiate hypothalamic and pituitary lesion. In 4 cases of Kallmann's syndrome and a case of delayed puberty, 597.6+/-191.4% increase in circulating LH and 365.0+/-218.8% increase in circulating FSH were seen. In 3 cases of Kallmann's syndrome, 200% increase in circulating LH and 153% in crease in circulating FSH were found. A case of pituitary tumor shows 163% increase in circulating LH and 325% in circulating FSH. 5. The treatments of patients with secondary hypogonadism were composed of HCG and HMG administration. Dosage of HCG was 3000 IU, two times a week and HMG administration was combined to restore fertility. 6. To differentiate the hypothalamic from pituitary lesion, a single LHRH test was not always possible, because the limited or absent response to LHRH might indicate either pituitary lesion or pituitary hyporeponsiveness due to chronic deprivation of endogenous LHRH. In this respect, a prolonged LHRH stimulation test and triple stimulation test may help to differentiate hypothalamic from pituitary lesions.
Color Vision Defects ; Cryptorchidism ; Fertility ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Gynecomastia ; Humans ; Hypogonadism* ; Kallmann Syndrome* ; Klinefelter Syndrome ; Male* ; Obesity ; Olfaction Disorders ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; Prolactin ; Puberty, Delayed ; Retrospective Studies ; Sexual Maturation ; Testosterone ; Urology

PURPOSE: There has been little research regarding the effectiveness of oseltamivir for influenza B infections. We sought to identify the different clinical manifestations between patients treated with and without oseltamivir. METHODS: We retrospectively studied the medical records of 72 inpatients or outpatients from two medical centers diagnosed with influenza B infections by either a rapid antigen test or multiplex reverse transcriptase PCR between January 2012 and July 2012. We compared gender, age, past medical history, admission period, total fever duration, fever duration after hospitalization, post-oseltamivir medication peak temperature, laboratory test, chest X-ray, antibiotic medication, and the presence of concomitant viral or bacterial infections. RESULTS: The number of subjects in our study was 72 who were diagnosed with influenza B pneumonia, acute bronchitis, acute bronchiolitis, croup, and mean age was 3.6+/-2.8 year old. The demographic characteristics and clinical manifestations of oseltamivir and the non-oseltamivir groups, including hospitalization period (4.18+/-2.10 vs 4.79+/-1.49 days, P=.17) and total fever duration (5.32+/-2.07 vs 6.41+/-3.25 days, P=.09), demonstrated no significant differences. Notably, the oseltamivir group did have significantly reduced usage of antibiotic treatment than the non-oseltamivir group (P=.04). When we limited our patient group to patients under the age of three, similar results were seen. The group prescribed oseltamivir within 48 hours of fever onset had less antibiotic usage, in addition to a shorter fever duration. CONCLUSION: Oseltamivir appeared to have no benefit in improving the clinical course. However, if it is prescribed within the first 48 hours of symptoms, it may be more effective.
Bacterial Infections ; Bronchiolitis ; Bronchitis ; Child* ; Croup ; Fever ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals, University* ; Humans ; Influenza B virus* ; Influenza, Human ; Inpatients ; Medical Records ; Oseltamivir* ; Outpatients ; Pneumonia ; Retrospective Studies ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Thorax

Authors presented the serial changes of brain MRI findings in two cases of cryptococcal meningitis. The MRI findings of the first patient (53-year-old female) consisted of dilated Virchow-Robin spaces, leptomeningeal enhancement, cryptococcomas and hydrocephalus. Dilated Virchow-Robin spaces were noted on the first MR obtained 33 days after symptom onset. The size and number of dilated Virchow-Robin space gradually decreased since 119 days after symptom onset (62 days after treatment). Faint leptomeningeal enhancement was found at cerebellar region on the first MRI, which became more distinct and intense on the day 119, probably due to improper treatment. The leptomeningeal enhancement decreased on the day 156. Mild hydrocephalus was noted on MRI obtained 70 days after symptom onset, which markedly aggravated on the day 119. It decreased after steroid therapy alone. Enhancing crytococcomas of variable size were noted at the right temporal lobe and cerebellum on MRI of the day 119, which decreased in size and number on the day 156. On the day 295 MRI showed nearly disppearance of the dilated Virchow-Robin space, but faint leptomeningeal enhancement, cerebellar crytococcomas and hydrocephalus still remained. The MRI findings of the second patient (36-year-old female) showed the findings similar to those of the first patient. Initial MRI obtained 18 days after symptom onset showed no abnormal findings. Dilated Virchow-robin spaces were noted on the day 36 (13 days after treatment onset), which nearly disappeared on the day 109. Enhancing cryptococcomas in both basal ganglia and cerebral cortex and leptomeningeal enhancement were noted on MRI of the day 136. Both cryptococcomas and leptomeningeal enhancement decreased in size and enhancing degree on the day 157. Hydrocephalus was noted on the day 109.
Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Cerebellum ; Cerebral Cortex ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Meningitis, Cryptococcal ; Temporal Lobe