No abstract aailable.

Varicose veins are dilated, tortuous veins exhibiting reflux because of valvular insufficiency. Dilatation of veins may be primary, that is, initiated by an unknown process, or may be the result of postthrombotic changes, arteriovenous fistula, or diverted flow resulting from a blockade of deep veins. Theoretical causes of varicose veins are heredity, race, gender, posture, gravitational back pressure, pregnancy, hormonal influence, weight, primary and secondary valvular incompetences, incompetent perforating veins, arteriovenous communications, and vein wall weakness. Visual inspection and palpation permit a clinical classification with respect to many different factors, especially the type of varix and the clinical stage of chronic venous insufficiency. Refluxes play a decisive role in the pathogenesis of large varices. They are usually detected over the sapheno femoral junction or the saphenopopliteal junction. Identification of these refluxes needs Doppler ultrasonographic techniques. Highly effective noninvasive examination methods have become available and include photoplethysmography, air plethysmography, portable Doppler ultrasound, and duplex scanning. The sole invasive diagnostic technique is ascending or descending phlebography. Several different treatments have been recommended for varicose veins. Flush ligation combined with stripping, avulsion of local varicosities, and perforator interruption are still the most common surgical techniques. The aim of varicose vein surgery is the removal of diseased incompetent vein segment and the control of reflux. Development of new sclerosing agents renders sclerotherapy for varicose veins more effective, and use of Doppler and the duplex ultrasound techniques provides a better hemodynamic and anatomic precision, which ultimately improves the treatment efficacy. Because patients seek treatment for varicose veins most commonly for cosmetic reasons, recently developed lasers and intense pulsed light(IPL) have become the methods for treating telangiectasia. In summary, surgery treats the major venous reflux, sclerotherapy treats the feeding venous system, and the laser or IPL seals effectively the superficial vessels.
Arteriovenous Fistula ; Classification ; Continental Population Groups ; Diagnosis* ; Dilatation ; Hemodynamics ; Heredity ; Humans ; Ligation ; Palpation ; Phlebography ; Photoplethysmography ; Plethysmography ; Posture ; Pregnancy ; Sclerosing Solutions ; Sclerotherapy ; Telangiectasis ; Treatment Outcome ; Ultrasonography ; Varicose Veins* ; Veins ; Venous Insufficiency

No abstract available.
Sclerotherapy*

No abstract available.
Peripheral Arterial Disease*

No abstract available.
Brain* ; Child* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Venous Thrombosis

No abstract available.
Doxylamine* ; Eating*

No abstract available.
Lower Extremity

Total hip replacement is an available rnethod of treatment for various causes of disabled hips in adults, especially in painful stiff hips. In many cases, malposition has led to degenrative changes in the opposite hip, the lumbar spine or knee, often with severe loss of function due to pain. Between March, 1979 and February, 1983, twenty hips in sixteen patients with painful and deformed hips were operated at Kosin Medical College, and we obtained relif of pain and increase of range of motion of the hip joints. Furthermore we found relife of adjacent joint pain in several cases, and in addition correction of inequality of leg lenght.
Adult ; Arthralgia ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Hip Joint ; Hip ; Humans ; Knee ; Leg ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Spine

No abstract available.