1.Usage of glucometer is associated with improved glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Malaysian public primary care clinics: an open-label, randomised controlled trial.
Mastura ISMAIL ; Cheong-Lieng TENG ; Chong-Lieng TENG ; Mimi OMAR ; Bee Kiau HO ; Zainab KUSIAR ; Ruziaton HASIM
Singapore medical journal 2013;54(7):391-395
INTRODUCTIONSelf-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) has been underutilised. We conducted an open-label, randomised controlled trial to assess the feasibility of introducing SMBG in primary care clinics in Malaysia.
METHODSThis was an open-label, randomised controlled trial conducted in five public primary care clinics in Malaysia. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (age range 35-65 years) not performing SMBG at the time of the study were randomised to receive either a glucometer for SMBG or usual care. Both groups of patients received similar diabetes care from the clinics.
RESULTSA total of 105 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled. Of these, 58 and 47 were randomised to intervention and control groups, respectively. After six months, the glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level in the intervention group showed a statistically significant improvement of 1.3% (p = 0.001; 95% confidence interval 0.6-2.0), relative to the control group that underwent usual care. The percentages of patients that reached the HbA1c treatment target of ≤ 7% were 14.0% and 32.1% in the control and intervention groups (p = 0.036), respectively.
CONCLUSIONThe usage of a glucometer improved glycaemic control, possibly due to the encouragement of greater self-care in the intervention group.
Adult ; Aged ; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; Female ; Glycated Hemoglobin A ; analysis ; Humans ; Malaysia ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Primary Health Care
2.Prevalence and characteristics of e-cigarette users among Malaysian current and ex-smokers
Ho Bee Kiau ; Mohamad Haniki b. Nik Mohamed ; Jamalludin Ab Rahman ; Samsul Draman ; Mira Kartiwi ; Syafinaz Ab Rahman ; Noor Zurani Md Haris Robson ; Caryn Mei Hsien Chan ; Lim Kuang Hock ; Nizam bin Baharom ; Norliana Ismail ; Tee Guat Hiong ; Jane Ling Miaw Yn ; Lei-Hum Wee
Malaysian Family Physician 2019;14(2):10-17
Introduction: Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are new devices that have been accepted widely by both
smokers and non-smokers. However, the evidence on EC used in Malaysia is scarce. The objective of thisstudy was to determine the prevalence of EC use and the socio-demographic and smoking characteristicsassociated with current EC use among Malaysian current and ex-smokers.
Methods: This was a sub-analysis of data from a cross-sectional, national-population- based EC study
conducted from May to June in 2016 in Malaysia. A detailed description of the sampling methods can
be found in the National E-cigarette Survey (NECS) 2016 report. Briefly, data were obtained from 1396
individuals who had ever been smokers, i.e., 957 (68.6%) current smokers and 439 (31.4%) ex-smokers.
Results: Current EC use was found predominantly among current smokers (8.0%) as compared with
ex-smokers (4.3%). Among current smokers, the main reasons given for smoking ECs were wanting to
try it (44.7%), followed by intention to quit tobacco smoking (15.8%) and to reduce tobacco smoking
(10.5%). Using multiple logistic regression analysis, we found that among current smokers, current EC
users were more likely to be younger, i.e., 18-44 years (aOR= 4.83, 95% CI= 1.97-11.86, p=0.001),
urban residents (aOR= 1.89, 95% CI= 1.15-3.11, p=0.012), single/ divorced/ widowed (aOR= 2.11,
95% CI= 1.24-3.61, p=0.006) and students (aOR= 2.25, 95% CI= 1.01-5.01, p=0.048). Among exsmokers, only younger respondents (18-44 years old) was reported as being more likely to be current EC users (aOR= 3.81, 95% CI= 1.14-12.76, p=0.030).
Conclusion: This study showed that currently using and ever having used ECs were more prevalent
among current smokers. The reasons given for initiating EC use among current smokers were mainly
wanting to try it, followed by intention to quit and to reduce tobacco smoking. Current EC use appears
to be common among current smokers who are younger, urban residents, single/divorced/widowed and students. Therefore, EC cessation intervention strategies and policies should target these high-prevalence
groups
3.Prevalence and characteristics of e-cigarette users among Malaysian current and ex-smokers
Ho Bee Kiau ; Mohamad Haniki b. Nik Mohamed ; Jamalludin Ab Rahman ; Samsul Draman ; Mira Kartiwi ; Syafinaz Ab Rahman ; Noor Zurani Md Haris Robson ; Caryn Mei Hsien Chan ; Lim Kuang Hock ; Nizam bin Baharom ; Norliana Ismail ; Tee Guat Hiong ; Jane Ling Miaw Yn ; Lei-Hum Wee
Malaysian Family Physician 2019;14(2):10-17
Introduction: Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are new devices that have been accepted widely by both
smokers and non-smokers. However, the evidence on EC used in Malaysia is scarce. The objective of thisstudy was to determine the prevalence of EC use and the socio-demographic and smoking characteristicsassociated with current EC use among Malaysian current and ex-smokers.
Methods: This was a sub-analysis of data from a cross-sectional, national-population- based EC study
conducted from May to June in 2016 in Malaysia. A detailed description of the sampling methods can
be found in the National E-cigarette Survey (NECS) 2016 report. Briefly, data were obtained from 1396
individuals who had ever been smokers, i.e., 957 (68.6%) current smokers and 439 (31.4%) ex-smokers.
Results: Current EC use was found predominantly among current smokers (8.0%) as compared with
ex-smokers (4.3%). Among current smokers, the main reasons given for smoking ECs were wanting to
try it (44.7%), followed by intention to quit tobacco smoking (15.8%) and to reduce tobacco smoking
(10.5%). Using multiple logistic regression analysis, we found that among current smokers, current EC
users were more likely to be younger, i.e., 18-44 years (aOR= 4.83, 95% CI= 1.97-11.86, p=0.001),
urban residents (aOR= 1.89, 95% CI= 1.15-3.11, p=0.012), single/ divorced/ widowed (aOR= 2.11,
95% CI= 1.24-3.61, p=0.006) and students (aOR= 2.25, 95% CI= 1.01-5.01, p=0.048). Among exsmokers, only younger respondents (18-44 years old) was reported as being more likely to be current EC users (aOR= 3.81, 95% CI= 1.14-12.76, p=0.030).
Conclusion: This study showed that currently using and ever having used ECs were more prevalent
among current smokers. The reasons given for initiating EC use among current smokers were mainly
wanting to try it, followed by intention to quit and to reduce tobacco smoking. Current EC use appears
to be common among current smokers who are younger, urban residents, single/divorced/widowed and students. Therefore, EC cessation intervention strategies and policies should target these high-prevalence
groups