PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate alterations of regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reserve (CVR), and correlation between these alternations and cognitive dysfunction in patients with chronic traumatic brain injury (TRI) and normal brain MRI findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty TBI patients and 19 healthy volunteers underwen1 rest/acerazolamide brain SPECT using Tc-99m HMPAO. Korean-Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale test was also performed in the patient group. Statistical analysis was performed with statistical parametric mapping software (SPM97), RESULTS: CBF was diminished in the left hemisphere including Wernicke's area in all patients with lower verbal scale scores. In addition, a reduction in CBF in the right frontal, temporal and parietal cortices was related with depressed scores in information, digital span, arithmetic and similarities, In patients with lower performance scale scores. CBF was mainly diminished in the right hemisphere including superior temporal and supramarginal gyri, premotor, primary somatomotor and a port of prefrontal cortices, left frontal lobe and supramarginal gyrus. CVR was diminished in sixty-four Brodmann's areas compared to control. A reduction in CVR was demonstrated bilaterally in the frontal and temporal Iobes in patients with lower scores in both verbal and performance tests, and in addition, both inferior parietal and occipital lobes in information subset. CONCLUSION: Alterations of CBF and CVR were demonstrated in the symptomatic TBI patients with normal MRI finding. These alterations were correlated with the change of intelligence, of which the complex functions are subserved by multiple interconnected cortical structures.
Adult ; Brain ; Brain Injuries* ; Frontal Lobe ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Intelligence* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Occipital Lobe ; Rabeprazole ; Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

The breakage of component is rare in TKA and usually restricted to hinges and linked design. Occasionally fracture of metal tibial component has been noted, but fracture of the femoral component has been rarely reported and occurred to be a significaot problem in TKA. This study reports 2 cases of femoral component fracture using Whiteside Ortholoc total knee system and analyzes the cause of this phenomenon. One pahent, a 67 years old female who weighed 74kg, was performed 1ke left TKA using Whiteside Ortholoc g system with cement. The size of feraoral component was small plus, and small tibial component, 14mm tibial insert and 28mm pateBa were used, The medial site of femoeal component fractured at 38 months postoperatively. A second female patient, who weighed 68kg and was 64 years old at the time of surgery, had also the left TKA using a medium sized femoral component of Whiteside Ortholoc modular system with cement. The small-Ex large tibial component, 8rrun tibial insert were used, but did not replace the pateBa. Also at 37 mainths postaperatively the medial site of femoral compcnent fractured, Ail cases were revised with using a cemented P,F.C. Modular Total Knee System (Johnson k Johnson). All two cases were kactured at the junction between the posterior bevel md distal surface of the medial femoral condyle. The thickness and length of Whiteside Ortholoc femoral component are thinner and shorter at posterior bevel surface compared with other TKA systems. So it is encouraging that a minor design modification of Whiteside Ortholoe femoral component and also should be edueated for the prohibihon of excessive flexion of the knee joint after TKA.
Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Knee* ; Middle Aged

The toxicity and adrenostatic effect of o,p'-DDD, a derivative of the insecticidal DDT, on the adrenal cortex were well known. It known that the toxicity was based on the blocking of steroid biopsynthesis when cholesterol was converted to pregnenolone. Lysodren(R) was also known to be capable of producing a regression of adrenocortical carcinoma and its metastases, and this drug became one of useful choice for the treatment of unoperable adrenocortical carcinomas. Recently, fine structural effect of o,p'-DDD on the adrenocortical carcinoma show that the mitochondria is the primary target organelle. o,p'-DDD was dissolved in corn oil and it was orally administered for 28 days to investigate the ultrastructural effects of zona fasciculata of rat adrenal cortex. The results obtained were as follow: 1) The body weight was decreased after feeding o,p'-DDD. 2) Light microscopic examination showed no remarkable change except increased fine lipid droplets of zona fasciculata in group I (o,p'-DDD 75 mg/kg feeding). Moderately increased intracytoplasmic lipid droplets and pyknotic nuclei bearing membrane indentations were seen in group II (o,p'-DDD 150 mg/kg feeding). Large sized lipid droplet aggregates, pyknotic nuclei with severe nuclear membrane indentations and karyorrhexis in focal area were evident in group III. 3) Immunohistochemical staining for ACTH in pituitary gland showed increasing number of ACTH secretory cell and increasing intensity of staining property according to the dosage of o,p'-DDD. 4) Ultrastructural examination showed increased intracytoplasmic lipid droplets and mild increased peroxisome. There was no remarkable ultrastructural changes in mitochondria in group I. Moderately increased lipid droplets and clusters formation, compressed mitochondria, partial disappearance of mitochondrial cristae, increased peroxisome and nuclear membrane indentations were seen in group II. In group III, nuclear membrane showed prominent indentation. Numberous cytoplasmic vacuolation, double membrane ring in mitochondria, disappearance of mitochondrial cristae, myelin figure formation in mitochondrial matrix, and fatty changes in mitochondrial matrix were seen. These findings showed that the primary target organelle of attack by o,p'-DDD on zona fasciculata of adrenal gland in rat is mitochondria and it was developed from double ring formation in mitochondrial matrix.
Rats ; Animals

No abstract available.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the correlation of the initial Computerized Tomography(CT) findings of the brain and the functional outcome, and to suggest the initial CT findings as a functional outcome predictor in the traumatic brain injured(TBI) patients. METHODS: Thirty-nine TBI patients were included in this study. Subjects were divided into groups of non-focal or focal TBI, and with or without a depressed skull fracture according to their initial brain CT findings. RESULTS: The non-focal TBI patients were not significantly different from focal TBI patients in the days from onset to rehabilitation, rehabilitation stay, and initial FIM score. However their outcome in FIM gain and FIM efficiency significantly worse than focal TBI patients. The TBI patients with a depressed skull fracture were not significantly different from the patients without a depressed skull fracture in the days from onset to rehabilitation, rehabilitation stay, and intial FIM score. However their outcomes were significantly worse than patients without a depressed skull fractrue in FIM efficiency. CONCLUSION: The initial brain CT findings were generally useful for the prediction of functional outcomes in TBI patients.
Brain Injuries ; Brain* ; Humans ; Rehabilitation ; Skull ; Skull Fracture, Depressed

The measurement of pathologically low levels of tissue pO2 is an important diagnostic goal for determining the prognosis of many clinically important diseases including cardiovascular insufficiency, stroke and cancer. The target tissues nowaday have mostly been tumors or the myocardium, with less attention centered on the brain. Radiolabelled nitroimidazole or derivatives may be useful in identifying the hypoxic cells in cerebrovascular disease or traumatic brain injury, and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. In acute stroke, the target of therapy is the severely hypoxic but salvageable tissue. 18F-MISO PET and 99mTc-EC-metronidazole SPECT in patients with acute ischemic stroke identified hypoxic tissues and ischemic penumbra, and predicted its outcome. A study using 123I-IAZA in patient with closed head injury detected the hypoxic tissues after head injury. Up till now these radiopharmaceuticals have drawbacks due to its relatively low concentration with hypoxic tissues associated with/without low blood-brain barrier permeability and the necessity to wait a long time to achieve acceptable target to background ratios for imaging in acute ischemic stroke. It is needed to develop new hypoxic marker exhibiting more rapid localization in the hypoxic region in the brain. And then, the hypoxic brain imaging with imidazoles or non-imidazoles may be very useful in detecting the hypoxic tissues, determining therapeutic strategies and developing therapeutic drugs in several neurological disease, especially, in acute ischemic stroke.
Anoxia ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Brain Injuries ; Brain* ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Head Injuries, Closed ; Humans ; Hypoxia, Brain* ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; Imidazoles ; Myocardium ; Neuroimaging ; Permeability ; Prognosis ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Stroke ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

BACKGROUND: The purposes of this study are to determine the prevalence of malnutrtion and its trend of change and to establish its relationship with dysphagia and functional outcome in rehabilitation patients. METHOD: We included 39 patients who were admitted into rehabilitation ward, and we evaluated nutri- tional parameters(serum albumin, serum lymphocyte, and weight loss) and dysphagia at the time of admi- ssion and four weeks after admission. We analyzed total rehabilitation inpatients and stroke patients who were major inpatients of rehabilitation ward. We measured Functional Independence Measure(FIM) and length of stay as clinical outcome scales. RESULTS: Malnutrition was observed in 76.9% of total patients and 69.6% in stroke patients at the time of admission. After four weeks, malnutrition was observed in 65.4% and 66.7%, respectively. Prevalence of dysphagia was 25.0% in non-malnourished patients and 22.0% in malnourished patients at the time of admission. It was not changed significantly after four weeks of rehabilitation. The length of stay was 31.3+/-16.0 days in non-malnourished patients and 39.8+/-19.4 days in malnourished patients. The FIM effi- ciency was 1.0+/-0.6 in non-malnourished patients and 2.3+/-6.5 in malnourished patients. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that malnutrition was highly prevalent in rehabilitation inpatients and it did not improved significantly through four weeks of rehabilitation. Therefore, it is important to be concerned about malnutrition and it needs proper and active management.
Deglutition Disorders ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Length of Stay ; Lymphocytes ; Malnutrition* ; Prevalence ; Rehabilitation* ; Serum Albumin ; Stroke ; Weights and Measures

Anterior mediastinal teratoma was removed from the right hemithorax of a 15-year-old male patient presenting initially with right chest discomfort and hemoptysis. He was died following precipitous clinical deterioration, 2 months after open thoracotomy. The true malignant nature of this tumor, that there are endodermal sinus tumor and squamous cell carcinoma, was apparent on resection specimen. The former had metastasized to right supraclavicular lymph node. A similar case has not been reported previously on the review of the pertinent literature on malignant mediastinal teratoma.
Male ; Humans

PURPOSE: There has been little research regarding the effectiveness of oseltamivir for influenza B infections. We sought to identify the different clinical manifestations between patients treated with and without oseltamivir. METHODS: We retrospectively studied the medical records of 72 inpatients or outpatients from two medical centers diagnosed with influenza B infections by either a rapid antigen test or multiplex reverse transcriptase PCR between January 2012 and July 2012. We compared gender, age, past medical history, admission period, total fever duration, fever duration after hospitalization, post-oseltamivir medication peak temperature, laboratory test, chest X-ray, antibiotic medication, and the presence of concomitant viral or bacterial infections. RESULTS: The number of subjects in our study was 72 who were diagnosed with influenza B pneumonia, acute bronchitis, acute bronchiolitis, croup, and mean age was 3.6+/-2.8 year old. The demographic characteristics and clinical manifestations of oseltamivir and the non-oseltamivir groups, including hospitalization period (4.18+/-2.10 vs 4.79+/-1.49 days, P=.17) and total fever duration (5.32+/-2.07 vs 6.41+/-3.25 days, P=.09), demonstrated no significant differences. Notably, the oseltamivir group did have significantly reduced usage of antibiotic treatment than the non-oseltamivir group (P=.04). When we limited our patient group to patients under the age of three, similar results were seen. The group prescribed oseltamivir within 48 hours of fever onset had less antibiotic usage, in addition to a shorter fever duration. CONCLUSION: Oseltamivir appeared to have no benefit in improving the clinical course. However, if it is prescribed within the first 48 hours of symptoms, it may be more effective.
Bacterial Infections ; Bronchiolitis ; Bronchitis ; Child* ; Croup ; Fever ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals, University* ; Humans ; Influenza B virus* ; Influenza, Human ; Inpatients ; Medical Records ; Oseltamivir* ; Outpatients ; Pneumonia ; Retrospective Studies ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Thorax

BACKGROUND: A clinical study of rosacea has never been reported in Korea. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the clinical observations of rosncea. METHODS: During a 5-year-period from Jan. 1990 to Dec. 1994, 133 patients were evaluated with regard to age, sex, location of skin lesions, clinical type, duration, and precipitating factors. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: 1. Of the 7,787 cases amongst outpatients, 133 cases(1.7% ) were dignosed with rosacea. Of there 46 were male patients and 87 females, giving a sex ratio of 1:1.9 in favor of females. 2. The most common type of rosacea was vascular rosacea(60.2%) 3. The average duration of rosacea was 3.4 years. 4. Rosacea afflict persons aged 40-49 most frequently. 5. The predilection sites of the rosacea were : cheek(42.9%), nose(23.3%), entire face(11.3%), cheek & nose(9%), zygomatic area(6.8%), extra-facial area(3.8%), forehead(2.9%). 6, The aggravating factors of rosacea were : unknown cause(32.3%), coffee & tea(18%), alcohol(13.5%), emotional stress(10.5%), sun exposure(9.8%), multi-factoral(7.5%), drugs(steroids)4.6%).
Cheek ; Coffee ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Outpatients ; Precipitating Factors ; Rosacea* ; Sex Ratio ; Skin ; Solar System